RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION
1. / Name of the candidate and address (in block letters) / PREETHI ELIZABETH VARGHESE1ST YEAR M.Sc NURSING
ALVA’S COLLEGE OF NURSING
MOODBIDRI
2. / Name of the Institution / ALVA’S COLLEGE OF NURSING
MOODBIDRI
3. / Course of Study and Subject / M. Sc. NURSING
OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGICAL NURSING
4. / Date of Admission to the Course / 10/05/2010
5 / Title of the Topic
A study to assess the knowledge, preference and problems faced by married women using various methods of contraception in selected areas of Moodbidri.
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8 / Brief Resume of the Intended work:
6.1 Need for the Study
“We want for better reason for having children than not knowing
how to prevent them”.
Dora Winifred Black Russel
India is the first country to launch family planning programme across the country in 1952.1 The current MMR globally is 251/1 lakh live births and in India it is 450/1 lakh live births and the current IMR globally is 49.4/1000 live births and in India it is 50.78/1000 live births.2 Fertility regulation plays an important role to improve reproductive and child health. Lack of knowledge of contraceptive methods can be a major obstacle to their use. 3
The Prachar project, an ongoing intervention in Bihar, seeks to increase contraceptive use of delaying and spacing birth through communication intervention. A survey conducted randomly on 1955 women younger than 25 with not more than 1 child in 2002-2003 before Prachar was implemented and later on 2080 samples in 2004 after implementation. Contraceptive demand, use, related attitude, knowledge were assessed in 2 surveys in both intervention and comparison areas. It was noticed that contraceptive use was very low in both comparison and intervention area. Demand for contraception increased from 25% - 40% at follow up in intervention area. Community based communication program provide awareness on the importance of increased demand and use of contraceptives among young couple.4
A descriptive survey was conducted in New Delhi to assess the knowledge, preferred choices, problems faced regarding methods of
contraception among 100 married women between 18-45 yrs by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected by structured interview schedule. It is found that mean knowledge score of married women was 18.57 and 52% subjects fall below the mean score. Condoms and tubectomy are the most preferred methods and least used is norplant. Majority of women reported itching after using condom, minor headache after using oral contraceptive pills, backache while using copper T, breast tenderness after using norplant, general weakness after tubectomy.3
A survey was conducted in Pakisthan from July- Dec to assess the level of knowledge of emergency contraception and attitude towards its use among 400 married women attending family practice clinics. Questionnaire was administered. It is found that 88% of the women were not aware of emergency contraception. 11.5% ever used emergency contraception; out of those the correct timing of effectiveness of post coital pills was known to only 40, while none of these women were aware of the existence of intra uterine device insertion. It is found that primary health care providers can play a major role in informing couples about emergency contraception.5
Today’s challenge is to maintain optimum health status particularly of vulnerable groups such as women and children. There is a need to know about the problems faced by the women using various contraceptive methods, their preferred choices; hence the investigator felt the need to assess the knowledge, preference and the problems of women regarding family planning methods.
6.2 Review of literature: -
An exploratory survey was conducted in Andhra Pradesh to assess the knowledge and use of contraception among tribal population. 252 women between 15-34 yrs were selected by random sampling. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire. The study findings revealed that 81% of the women had knowledge about contraceptives but the knowledge regarding spacing method was very low. Only 23% had knowledge on oral pills, 8% were aware of condoms , 6% knew about intra uterine devices.6
A descriptive study was conducted at Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Calicut to assess the knowledge and attitude on temporary contraceptive measures among 150 primi gravida women by using convenient purposive sampling technique. It was found that 90.7% of the women had below average knowledge score and 0.2% had above average score. 68.7% women had secured average attitude score and 14.7% women showed above average score, 15.6% had below average score in attitude assessment. It was evident that the women with higher education had more knowledge than other. There was significant correlation between knowledge and attitude.7
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in China to identify barriers to the use of oral contraceptives among 40 ethnic Chinese women. Data were collected by semi structured interview. It is found that the attitude towards oral contraceptive were negative. The common fears were about weight gain, permanent infertility and being considered bad (promiscuous). These negative attitudes towards oral contraceptives appear to be barriers to their use.8
A cross- sectional study was conducted in Nigeria regarding the choice of contraceptive use age among 418 women and they are interviewed. It is found
that 89% knew at least one method of contraception, 50.7% used injectable contraceptives, 22.5% intra uterine devices, 13.9% norplant, 10.3% oral contraceptive pills. The most commonly used contraceptive is the injectable method.9
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ethiopia to assess determinants of preferences, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of modern contraception among 400 women by using multistage sampling procedure. A pretested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. It is found that eighty-nine percent of respondents were aware of modern contraceptives. Among respondents, 88% knew of at least two methods, and 12% knew only one method. More than 90% of respondents reported positive attitudes towards modern contraceptive use. The major reasons for nonuse of modern contraceptive methods (MCMs) were being single and a desire for more children. Injectables were the most commonly preferred modern contraceptive (63.2%) followed by oral contraceptive pill (21.2%). Few women reported a preference for the use of condoms (9.5%) or implants (6.1%). 10
6.3 Problem Statement: -
A study to assess the knowledge, preference and problems faced by married women using various methods of contraception in selected areas of Moodbidri
6.4 Objectives of the study: -
The objectives of the study are to:
· assess the existing knowledge of married women regarding various methods of contraception
· identify the most preferred methods of contraception among married women
· determine the problems faced by married women after using various methods of contraception
· find out the relationship between the knowledge of married women and problems faced by them after using various methods of contraception
· find out the association of knowledge of married women regarding family planning methods and the selected demographic variables.
6.5 Operational Definition:-
· Assess: In this study, it refers to make judgment about the value or quality of contraception.
· Knowledge: In this study, it refers to the correct responses given by the married women regarding the use of contraceptives.
· Preference: In this study, it refers to the choices made by the married women regarding contraceptives.
· Problems: In this study, it refers to the physiological, psychological and medical difficulties experienced by the married women after using contraception.
· Married women : In this study, it refers to nulliparous or parous women between 18 and 42 years living with their husbands
· Contraception : In this study, it refers to the temporary or permanent family planning methods selected and adopted by married women to regulate fertility
1. 6.6 Assumptions: -
The study assumes that:
1. Every married women in the reproductive age will have some knowledge regarding the use of contraceptive.
2. Married women can select appropriate contraceptives according to their preference.
3. Married women may experience some problems by using contraceptives.
6.7 Delimitations: -
The study is limited to:
· Married women of the reproductive age group in selected areas of
Moodbidri
6.8 Hypothesis:-
The study is based on the hypothesis:
H1: There will be significant relationship between knowledge scores and problems faced by married women.
H2: There will be significant association between knowledge scores and selected demographic variables by married women.
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
7.1 Source of data
Data will be collected from married women who will fulfill the inclusion criteria in selected areas of Moodbidri.
7.1.1 Research Design
The research design adopted for the present study is descriptive survey design.
7.1.2 Setting
The setting consists of selected areas of Moodbidri.
7.1.3 Population
Population in the study consists of married women of 18-42 years
using contraceptives in selected areas of Moodbidri.
7.2 Method of Data collection
7.2.1 Sampling Procedure
The sampling procedure for the present study would be purposive sampling technique
7.2.2 Sample Size
Sample consists of 100 married women in reproductive age group
7.2.3 Inclusion criteria
Married women who:-
· are in the reproductive age group of 18-42 years
· are living with their husbands
· may or may not have children
7.2.4 Exclusion criteria
Married women:-
· beyond the age of 42 years
· in the health care profession
· who are not willing to participate.
· who are not present at the time of study
7.2.5 Instruments used
The tool consisted of two parts.
· Tool 1: Demographic proforma
· Tool 2: Structured interview schedule and check list.
7.2.6 Data collection method
· Administrative permission will be obtained from the selected area prior to the study.
· Data will be collected for the period of one month.
· Knowledge, preference and problems faced by married women using various methods of contraception will be assessed by the direct administration of demographic proforma and with the structured interview schedule and check list.
7.2.7 Plan for data analysis: -
It is done by using both descriptive and inferential statistics
1. Demographic data would be analyzed using frequency and percentage.
2. Assessment of knowledge of married women regarding the use of contraceptives will be analyzed using mean, standard deviation and mean score percentage
3. Assessment of preference of married women regarding the use of contraceptives will be analyzed using mean, standard deviation and mean score percentage
4. Assessment of problems faced by married women using contraceptives will be analyzed using mean, standard deviation and mean score percentage
5. Relationship between the knowledge scores and problems faced by married women would be found using karl pearsons correlation coefficient.
6. Association between the knowledge scores and selected demographic variables would be found using chi- square test, Yates correction chi- square test and fishers exact probability test
7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patients, or other humans or animals? If so please describe briefly?
Yes, an interview will be conducted on 100 married women residing in Moodbidri.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes, ethical clearance has been obtained from the ethical committee.
LIST OF REFERENCES:
1. Park K. Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social medicine.17ed. Jabulpur: Banarsidas Bhanot; 2002.p.349
2. Magaret HC, Kyle F, Moshen N. A systemic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal. 2010; ( 1screen). Available at:http://www.chartsbin.com/view/lac. Accessed on Apr 12 2010.
3. Moitreyee C. Married women and different methods of contraception. Nursing ti. jn. 2008 Oct; 5(12):24-6.
4. Daniel EE, Masilamani R, Rahman M. The effect of community based reproductive health communication interventions on contraceptive among young married couples in Bihar. Int Fam Plan Perspect. 2008 Dec; 34(4):189-97.
5. Mustafa R, Afreen U, Hashmi HA. Contraceptive knowledge, attitude and practice among rural women. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008 Sep; 18(9):542-5.
6. Rao DP, Babu MS. Knowledge and use of contraception among Racha Koyas of Andra Pradesh. Anthropologist 2005; 7(2):115-9.
7. Abraham A. Assessment of knowledge and attitude on temporary contraceptive measures among primi gravid women. J Nursing Res Soc India. 2007; 2:24-5.
8. Wiebe ER, Sent L, Fong S, Chan J. Barriers to use of oral contraceptives in ethnic Chinese women presenting for abortion. Contraception. 2002 Feb; 65(2):159-63.
9. Ameh N, Sule ST. Contraceptive choices among women in Nigeria. Nigeria J Clin Pract. 2007 Sep;10(3):205-7.
10. Weldegermia B; Denekew A. Women’s knowledge, preferences, attitude and practices of modern contraceptives methods. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2008 Sep; 4(3):302-7.
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