DNA and RNA Flashcards
1. Q: What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
A: DNA and RNA
2. Q: What are Nucleotides?
A: The monomer of Nucleic Acids
3. Q: What’s the function of DNA?
A: Controls the production of every protein a cell
4. Q: What 3 processes make proteins?
A: DNA Replication, Transcription, Translation
5. Q: What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A: Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base
6. Q: What is the sugar for DNA?
A: Deoxyribose
7. Q: what is the sugar for RNA?
A: Ribose
8. Q: What makes up a chromosome?
A: DNA wrapped around proteins called histones
9. Q: What nitrogen bases are found in DNA?
A: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
10. Q: What nitrogen bases are found in RNA?
A: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil
11. Q: Which scientist(s) worked with rough and smooth bacteria transformation?
A: Fredrick Griffith
12. Which scientist(s) continued Griffith work by working with DNA and protein destroying enzymes?
A: Oswald Avery
13. Which scientist(s) worked with radioactive label and bacteriophages to prove the DNA was the genetic material?
A: Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
14. Q: Which scientist(s) created the base pairing rules?
A: Erwin Chargaff
15. Q: Which scientist(s) used X-Ray diffraction to take pictures of DNA?
A: Rosalind Franklin
16. Q: Who discovered the structure of DNA, called it a double helix?
A: James Watson and Francis Crick
17. Q: What is DNA Replication?
A: Process in which DNA makes a copy of itself
18. Q: Where and when does DNA Replication take place?
A: In the nucleus during the S phase of Interphase
19. Q: What is DNA Helicase?
A: Enzyme that unzips DNA by breaking the hydrogen bond between the nitrogen bases
20. Q: What is DNA Polymerase
A: Enzyme that rebuilds DNA during DNA replication
21. Q: What are the three types of RNA?
A: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
22. Q: What is mRNA- real name & function?
A: Messenger RNA, carries the blueprint for making proteins
23. Q: What is tRNA- real name & function
A: Transfer RNA, carries amino acids to the ribosome
24. Q: What is rRNA- real name & function
A: Ribosomal RNA, forms part of the ribosome
25. Q: What is transcription?
A: Process in which the RNA triplets are formed and mRNA receives the instructions to make proteins from DNA
26. Q: Where does Transcription take place?
A: In the nucleus
27. Q: What is RNA Polymerase?
A: Enzyme that builds a mRNA strand during Transcription
28. Q: What is the Promoter Region?
A: region on DNA that tells RNA polymerase where to bind to make RNA
29. Q: What is Translation?
A: Process in which mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are used to make proteins
30. Q: Where does Translation take place?
A: In the cytoplasm on a ribosome
31. Q: What is a Codon?
A: 3 nitrogen bases found on mRNA, complementary to anticodons on tRNA
32. Q: What are Anticodons?
A: 3 nitrogen bases found on tRNA
33. Q: What is the Start codon and what does it do?
A: AUG, tells tRNA when to start translating on mRNA
34. Q: What are the Stop Codons and what do they do?
A: UAA, UAG, & UGA, tells tRNA when to stop translating on mRNA
35. Q: What is Mutation?
A: a mistake in DNA sequencing
36. Q: What is a Point mutation?
A: mutations that only affect one nucleotide
37. Q: What are Frame shift mutations?
A: mutations that shift the “reading” frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
38. Q: What is a Chromosomal Mutation?
A: DNA change in the number or structure of chromosomes
39. Q: What is Duplication?
A: a segment of the chromosome is repeated
40. Q: What is Deletion?
A: Segment of the chromosome is missing
41. Q: What is Inversion?
A: Part of the chromosome becomes oriented in the reverse of its usual direction
42. Q: What is Translocation?
A: When part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome
43. Q: What is DNA’s nickname?
A: Big Daddy
44. Q: What is mRNA’s nickname?
A: Little Momma
45. Q: What is tRNA’s nickname?
A: Tyrone
46. Q: What is rRNA’s nickname?
A: Ramada Inn
47. Q: What is mRNA’s nickname?
A: Little Momma
48. Q: What are Introns?
A: Junk DNA, removed from mRNA before it leaves the nucleus
49. Q: What are Exons?
A: Expressed DNA, is spliced together and leaves the nucleus to be used to make proteins
50. Q: What are the Base Pairing Rules?
A: Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine