M.PHIL – MICROBIOLOGY
CURRICULUM
Sl. No / Papers / Max. Marks / Ex. Hrs.1 / Research Methodology / 100 / 3
2 / Microbiology / 100 / 3
3 / Microbial Technology / 100 / 3
4 / Dissertation / 100 / -
Paper – I
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
UNIT - I
Research – Definition – Importance and Meaning of research – Characteristics of research – Types of Research – Steps in research – Identification, Selection and formulation of research problem – Research questions – Research design – Formulation of Hypothesis – Review of Literature.
UNIT – II
Sampling techniques : Sampling theory – types of sampling – Steps in sampling – Sampling and Non-sampling error – Sample size – Advantages and limitations of sampling.
Collection of Data : Primary Data – Meaning – Data Collection methods – Secondary data – Meaning – Relevances, limitations and cautions.
UNIT – III
Statistics in Research – Measure of Central tendency – Dispersion – Skewness and Kurtosis in research. Hypothesis – Fundamentals of Hypothesis testing – Standard Error – Point and Interval estimates – Important Non-Parametric tests : Sign, Run, Kruskal – Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney test.
UNIT – IV
Para metric tests : Testing of significance – mean, Proportion, Variance and Correlation – testing for Significance of difference between means, proportions, variances and correlation co-efficient. Chi-square tests – ANOVA – One-way and Two-way.
UNIT – V
Research Report : Types of reports – contents – styles of reporting – Steps in drafting reports – Editing the final draft – Evaluating the final draft.
Reference Books
1. Statistical Methods - S.P. Gupta
2. Research Methodology Methods and Techniques - C.R. Kothari
3. Statistics (Theory and Practice) - B.N. Gupta
4. Research Methodology Methods and Statistical Techniques - Santosh Gupta
PAPER II
MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT – I Introduction to microbial diversity
Distribution,abundance, and ecological niche of microbes - Extreme environment – psychrophiles and thermophiles,acidophiles and - alkalophiles,barophiles and osmophilic microbes - Eukaryotic microbes – Fungi, Algae, and Slime molds.
UNIT – II: Microbial growth
Microbial growth and kinetics -Continuous culture and batch culture as an industrial tool – Sporulation - Synchronous culture.
UNIT - III: Microbial biomass
Biofertilizer - Bioinsecticide, biopestides - Production of SCP, antibiotics, and –vaccines - Mushrooms cultivation.
UNIT – IV: Techniques and its application
Immobilization of cells,enzymes,and both together. - Tissue culture and monoclonal antibody prosuction. -Techniques and enzymes involoved in RDNA technology. Cloning vectors and construction of genomic library. -Isolation and characterization of Medically important microbes.
UNIT – V: Bioinstrumentation
Microscopes – Compound, Phase contrast, Fluorescent, and Electron microscopes. Principles and application of Gel filtration and Ion exchange. Electrophoresis, and Ultra centrifugation. -Chromatograhy – Affinity chromatography, GLC,HPLC,TLC,and Column –Chromatography
PAPER –III
MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
UNIT-I
Industrially important micro-organisms – Isolation, preservation and strain improvement – Media for industrial fermentation – Media formulation – Sterilization – Inoculum development for different fermentation processes – Submerged and solid state fermentation. Outline of various primary and secondary metabolite production pathways.
UNIT – II
Fermentors – Principles, general design and types – Fermentation products – Bioremediation, bioconversion products of industrial importance – Hormones and steroids – Fermentative production of Organic solvents: - Ethanol, Acetone, Butanol, Alcoholic beverages: Beer, Wine, Rum, Gin, Whisky & Brandy.
UNIT – III
Fermentative production of Organic acid:- Lactic acid, Citric acid, Acetic acid; Propionic and Butyric acid – Fermentative production of Enzymes: Protease, Lipases, L- Amylases – Fermentative production of Vitamins: Vitamin B12; Fermentative production of Amino Acid: L- glutamic acid, Phenylalanine, L – lysine.
UNIT –IV
Potentials of microbes – production of food – SCP – Spirulina, mushrooms, Bakers Yeast. Biofertilizer – BGA, Azospirillum, Rhizobium, phosphobacterium, Azolla- Anabaena; Biopesticides – Plant products, Microbial pesticides – Bacterial, fungal and viral.
UNIT – V
Importance and use of micro- organisms in Biotechnology – Biodegradation, Biodeterioration. Biogas production – Hydrogen and methane; Methanogenesis: Methanogenic, acetogenic and fermentative bacteria, hydrogen fuel – technique processes and conditions.
UNIT – VI
Uses of microbes in Pharmaceutics: Recombinant vaccines against bacterial diseases, Lactic acid bacillus, Lactobacillus sporogenes. Introduction and classification of Pharmaceutical products: 1. Penicillin’s 2. B- lactams, 3. Aminoglycosides, 4. Streptomycin, 5. Commercial Production of Cophamycin antibiotics, 6. Lincomycin, 7. Anticancergants, 8. Steroid Fermentations, 9. Peptide Antibiotics, 10. Hybrid Antibiotics, 11. New Steps in Antibiotic Fermentation and 12. Hepatities Vaccine Production.
UNIT – VII
Waste disposal and management, legislation of environmental problems, Composting and vermicompsting – method of composting types, microbial consortia used in composting, Monitoring and influence of physico – chemical and microbiological parameters – benefits and applications.
UNIT – VIII
Microbiological and biochemical aspects of waste water treatment processes – Various industrial effluent treatment methods – dairy, dye, sugar and other industries. Pollution abatement using microbes.
Bioethics & biopolitics with reference to microorganisms.
REFERENCE:
1. Industrial Microbiology, A.H. Patel, Himalaya Publ., New Delhi.
2. Principles of Fermentation Technology, Stanburry et al., Academic Press, London.
3. Industrial Microbiology, T.Casida.
4. Industrial Microbiology, Presscott, Universities Press, USA.
5. Industrial Biotechnology, Thukar, Himalaya Publ., New Delhi.
6. The Earthworm Book, S.A. Ismail, The Other India Press, New Delhi.
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