Chapter 15 Focus Questions:
Essay question: Analyze the relationship between the growth of democracy during the first half of the nineteenth century and each of the following: Religious developments, reform movements, artistic and literary expression
Objective Questions:
1) What did the third revolution (that accompanied the reformation of American politics and the transformation of the American economy) what to do to ordinary Americans?
2) What percentage of the 23 million Americans were attending church in 1850?
3) What was Deism and how is the belief different from the Judeo/Christian tradition?
4) What was the Second Great Awakening? (Include information that would distinguish it from the earlier Great Awakening).
5) Who were the Unitarians?
6) Describe what it means when it says that organized religion by 1850 had “lost some of its austere Calvinist rigor.”
7) What impact did the religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening have on American life and particularly women?
8) Who was Charles Grandison Finney and what ideas did he advocate?
9) What impact did the Second Great Awakening have on religious diversity?
10) What 2 religious sects gained the most from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening?
11) What impact did the Second Great Awakening have on classes and regions?
12) Where did the Mormon religion originate?
13) Who founded the Latter Day Saints or Mormon church?
14) Besides polygamy, what other characteristics angered many non-Mormon Americans?
15) Who led the Mormons to Utah and what contributions did they make to US History?
16) How did the liberal arts colleges, established as a result of the Second Great Awakening, compare to the institutions established earlier and where were most of them located?
17) Between 1790 and 1860, what goals were added to the reasons for establishing tax-supported schools?
18) What was the socio-economic class of children that mainly attended tax-supported schools?
19) What two people really influenced the idea of free public education as an essential component of American democracy?
20) Despite early resistance, what was the main reason that free public education ultimately triumphed?
21) Who created the first dictionary of American English?
22) Why were women generally excluded from higher education during the nineteenth century?
23) Who was Dorothea Dix and what was her reform movement?
24) According to the text, why was alcohol excessively consumed by Americans in the nineteenth century?
25) Give at least 4 differences between the genders in the nineteenth century.
26) In what 2 areas were women widely thought to be superior to men?
27) What was the American Temperance Society and what were its reasons for opposing alcohol and what was their strategy?
28) Who was Neal Dow and what did his Maine Law of 1851 ban?
29) How did the market economy contribute to the emphasis on gender differences during the nineteenth century?
30) Did women receive better treatment in Europe or in America? State an example to support your answer.
31) Who were the leading advocates of women’s rights in the mid-19th century & what resulted in Seneca Falls, N.Y. in 1848?
32) There was a reform movement to change women’s style of dress – why and how?
33) What major reform eclipsed the movement for women by the 1850s?
34) What was the American medical profession like during the 1800s?
35) What is meant by Utopian commune?
36) Who was John Humphrey Noyes and what Utopian Commune did he establish?
37) What beliefs (4) were advocated by John Humphrey Noyes?
38) What was the key to Oneida’s financial success and why did they decline?
39) What group established the commune at Brook Farm and how did the community live?
40) What was the focus of American scientific achievement during the first half of the 19th century?
41) How advanced were our achievements in architecture?
42) Who designed the University of Virginia?
43) How did Puritans feel about art and what impact did that have on artists?
44) What was the Hudson River School most known for?
45) What historical period provided a boost for the promotion of American literature?
46) What was the Knickerbocker group?
47) What were the major works of (or why were they important):
a. Washington Irving
b. James Fenimore Cooper
c. Ralph Waldo Emerson
d. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
e. Edgar Allan Poe
f. Walt Whitman
g. Nathaniel Hawthorne
h. Herman Melville
i. Henry David Thoreau
j. William Gilmore Simms
48) Where did Transcendentalists believe that all knowledge came from?
49) What groups/ideas influenced transcendental thought (4)?
50) In On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, what was Henry David Thoreau protesting and how did he say one should protest an unjust law?
51) Where did virtually all the distinguished historians of early-nineteenth-century America come from?