The Civil War 1861-1865
Part 1, The Causes of the Civil War
States Rights
· The ______believed that the ______is a voluntary group of states and if the central government goes too far, each ______has the right to nullify that law.
Slavery
· Only ______percent of Southerners owned ______but almost all ______supported slavery while most Northerners opposed it.
· Slavery was important to the booming ______industry.
Tariff Disputes
· ______= a tax on imported goods.
· South= wanted ______tariffs.
· North= wanted ______tariffs.
Cultural and Economical Differences
· South= life revolved ______, wealthy planters and the economy they controlled.
· North= ______; cities were the center of society.
EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
· 1852 ______by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
· It portrayed the moral issues of ______.
· Many southerners believed the book falsely criticized the ______and slavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• 1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened up new ______for settlement.
• Allowed people in the territory to ______if they wanted Slavery.
• Fighting broke out against Free-Soil ______and Border Ruffian’s (pro-slavery).
1854-Charles Sumner attacked by Preston Brooks
• Preston Brooks a Senator from ______beat Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner with his ______on the floor of the U.S. ______.
Dred Scott Decision
· 1856 The ______decision ruled Scott (a slave) was ______a U.S. citizen.
· Dred Scott, a Missouri slave, sued for his freedom after his owner died. His owner had lived in non slave states.
· Ruling meant no slaves could ever be a ______citizen.
Harpers Ferry
· 1859: ______John Brown and his followers seized the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia.
· They hoped to stir a slave ______and end slavery in Virginia.
· Brown (who had murdered slavery men in Kansas) was captured and ______.
The Election of Abraham Lincoln
· The South was opposed to ______Lincoln in the White House and threatened to ______the Union if he won the election of 1860.
· Lincoln won 40 percent of the votes and became the 16th ______.
SECESSION!!!!!!!!!!!
Part 2, The Secession of Texas
The Secession Convention in Texas
• Judge Oran ______(of the Texas Supreme Court) was elected to lead the meeting held on January 28, ____.
• The meeting was intense as they voted 166 to 8 to adopt an ordinance of ______.
• Texans ______for Secession on February 23, 1861, and joined the ______States of America or shortened: The ______.
Sam Houston was Governor
• Houston was ______Texas’s secession.
• After secession passed Houston hoped Texas would then remain ______, instead of joining the ______.
• President ______offered Houston the use of 2,700 ______troops to keep Texas in the Union.
• Houston said ______.
• He stated that he had always fought ______Texas and would not fight ______ it now.
• Sam Houston refused to take an ______of loyalty to the Confederacy, and therefore, he was ______from his position as governor.
Sam Houston Dies
• Houston returned to ______, Texas and ______July 26, 1863.
• His last words were "Texas. Texas. Margaret". (Margaret was his wife)
1861
• After Texas joined the ______, all of the Federal (U.S.) troops in Texas were forced to ______.
• However, Federal Troops at Fort ______in South Carolina refused to leave the fort. So on April 12, 1861, Confederate cannon began ______at Fort Sumter, to begin the ______.
War in Texas
• The North used a ______on Texas and the Gulf coast to stop all trading of ______and war supplies. This was called the “______Plan”. It was meant to starve and divide the south and not let it trade with ______.
Texas Battles
• Galveston (Jan 1863)
• Sabine Pass (Sept 1863)
• Mansfield (Apr 1864)
• Palmito Ranch (May 13, 1865)
All Confederate ______
Texas tries to take Santa Fe and New Mexico…again
• In 1862, in an effort to spread ______control ______and seize gold and silver mines, Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley had 3,500 Texan soldiers invade New Mexico.
• The Texan army won at the Battle of ______, took ______but was defeated at the Battle of Glorieta Pass and limped back to Texas.
FLAGS OF THE CIVIL WAR
Part 3, The Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
• President of the United States during the ______.
• Against ______but was willing to keep it to preserve the “______.”
• Used the army to arrest many pro-secession politicians in Maryland so he could save Washington D.C. as the U.S. capital.
• President Lincoln’s 4 brother-in-laws were ______.
Jefferson Davis
• President of the ______during the Civil War.
• The first Capital of the confederacy was Montgomery, Alabama.
• When ______seceded the Capital of the Confederacy was ______, Virginia.
Robert E. Lee
• In 1862, Lee took over the Confederate army.
• Born in ______.
• Fought for the U.S. in the Mexican American War.
• Lee privately ridiculed the Confederacy in letters in early 1861, denouncing secession as "revolution" and a betrayal of the efforts of the Founding Fathers.
• Resigned from U.S. army to join the ______because Virginia seceded.
• Lee was an excellent ______and is one of the most celebrated military figures in American History.
• Military historians continue to pay attention to his battlefield ______and his maneuvering in battle.
Battles of the Civil War
Battle of Bull Run (called Manassas in the south)
The first battle of the Civil War
• People on both sides thought this would be a ______war. After one battle they figured it would be over.
• Tourists from Washington, D.C. came to watch the battle.
• ______soldiers eventually fled the battlefield giving the Confederacy its first victory.
• The battle was bloody. Just under a combined ______soldiers was killed.
• After the loss at ______the Union realized it needed to properly train its Army to defeat the South.
• Lincoln selected George B. McClellan to train the Union Army and invade Virginia.
Peninsula Campaign
• McClellan eventually raised a 121,000 man army and ______the coast of Virginia.
• McClellan stalled his invasion however when Confederate General John B. Magruder ______him to thinking the Confederates out-numbered the Union forces.
Seven Days Battles
· When ______took over the Confederate Army in 1862 he was determined to stop McClellan from taking the capital Richmond.
· Gen. Lee attacked McClellan ______and ______- at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage's Station, Frayser's Farm, and Malvern Hill. McClellan won four out of the five battles, but proved as fearful in victory as he was in defeat, backing away until he reached Harrison's Landing on the James River. The Seven Days battles ______any hope The Peninsula Campaign could end the war.
Battle of Shiloh
· In Tennessee near an old church named ______, the Confederate Army attacked the Union army led by Ulysses S. Grant.
· The Battle was a bloody and both sides suffered a combined 20,000 ______. The Union won the battle and invaded south along the ______River.
Battle of Antietam
· McClellan attacked Lee near Sharpsburg, ______.
· Over 25,000 casualties on both sides.
· Battle was a ______but gave Lincoln the confidence to announce the ______.
Fredericksburg
· After Antietam in Dec 1862, the North once again tried to drive south to ______.
· Fredericksburg was one of the most one-sided battles of the American Civil War. The Union Army lost and suffered terrible casualties in a brutal frontal assault on against Confederate defenders behind a ______in the city.
· Brought to an early end their ______against the Confederate capital of Richmond.
Union General Carousel
· McClellan was ______by Lincoln for not being decisive enough.
Part 4, The Civil War concluded
Vicksburg
· Grant captured ______, Mississippi after a long siege from May 18 to July 4, 1863. It gave the North control of the ______River and cut off ______from the rest of the South.
· Abraham Lincoln was so impressed with Ulysses S. Grant he gave him command of the entire Union ______.
Gettysburg
July 1st -3rd 1863.
· Lee decided to invade the ______to try and force ______to end the war.
· The battle was fought in ______, Pennsylvania and was the bloodiest battle ever fought on American soil.
· Joshua Lawrence Chamberlin’s 20th Maine held Little Round Top which saved the ______from being flanked.
· After Lee failed to flank the Union, he ordered George ______and 15,000 men to charge the middle of the Union Lines.
· “Pickett’s ______” was a disaster. Lee lost 7,000 men. Afterwards when Lee told Pickett to rally his division for the defense, Pickett allegedly replied, "General Lee, I have no division.“
· Gettysburg was the ______point of the war.
· Afterwards the North was in charge and the Confederacy was just trying its best to defend itself.
Grant Invades the South
• After Gettysburg, ______pushed south to once again try and capture ______.
• Grant tried again and again to get around the right side of Lee's army, destroy it, then move on Richmond and end the war. Lee saw what he was trying to do and managed to stop him. The struggle continued along a hundred-mile line before the two armies settled in for a ______at Petersburg, southeast of the Confederate capital.
William Tecumseh Sherman
· Grant gave his friend ______the job of taking ______, Georgia.
“March To The Sea”
• After a tough fight to capture Atlanta, Sherman marched his men southeast to the ocean and took ______, Georgia.
• Sherman then marched north into the Carolina’s.
• The south was now ______further still.
The End
• Lee is forced from his trenches in April of 1865 and ______west with Grant in pursuit.
• Grant catches Lee at ______Courthouse in western Virginia. Lee is forced to ______.
The War officially ends at Appomattox Courthouse
· Grant chooses Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, the ______of Little Round Top at Gettysburg, to accept the official surrender of Lee.
Battle of Palmito Ranch
• The ______battle of the Civil War took place at ______Ranch in south ______on May 12th and the 13th of 1865.
• The Union attacked Brownsville to stop ______shipments across the Rio Grande
• The Confederate forces from Texas, led by John “Rip” Ford (the famous Texas ______) actually ______the battle, even though the war was over at this point.
Texans in the War
• Nearly ______men from Texas fought for the ______.
• The most famous group was the Texas ______led by John Bell ______which fought in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee.
“Texan’s always move them!!!”
-Robert E. Lee
At the battle of the Wilderness in 1864
Albert Sidney Johnston
• Killed at the battle of ______, considered one of the top Confederate leaders in war.
• Other groups from Texas, included Terry’s Texas Rangers and Ross’s Brigade who gained fame for fighting all over the confederacy.
The Draft
• During the war the Confederacy used a ______to get more soldiers.
• All men 18-35 had to serve.
• Very ______.
• In the South the ______could avoid it if they owned 20 ______or hired someone to take their place.
The Cost of the Civil War
• The Civil War lasted from April ______to May of _____.
• Around 600,000 Americans were killed and another 400 thousand were wounded.