Botany Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 1
1. Explain what a hypothesis is and how is that different from a theory.
2. Explain the difference between an observation and an inference.
3. Describe the problem solving process that scientists use.
4. Compare and contrast the theory of biogenesis with the disproven theory of spontaneous generation. (Remember “how what did they both do and how are they different?”)
5. Identify lab safety symbols and explain their associated warnings or rules.
Chapter 7
6. Explain what the cell theory says
7. Name the basic cell organelles and describe their functions
8. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. (Remember “what do they both have in common and how are they different?”)
9. Explain the processes of osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
10. Compare and contrast active transport and passive transport. (Remember “how they are alike and how are they different?)
11. List the levels of biological organization from most simple to most complex.
Chapter 8
12. Describe the role of ATP in cellular activities.
13. Explain the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs.
14. Compare and contrast glucose and ATP. (Remember “how they are alike and how are they different?)
15. Explain the process of photosynthesis (where it takes place in a cell, what reactions take place, what reactants and products are involved).
Chapter 9
16. Explain the process of cellular respiration (where it takes place in a cell, what reactions take place, what reactants and products are involved).
17. Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (Remember “in what ways are they alike and different”)
Chapter 11
18. Summarize the importance of Gregor Mendel’s work to the study of heredity.
19. Use Punnett Squares to predict the probability of specific outcomes of genetic crosses.
20. Describe the distinguishing characteristics of independent assortment, polygenic traits, multiple allele, codominance, incomplete dominance, and simple Mendelian inheritance patterns.
21. Summarize Mendel’s Principles of Inheritance.
Chapter 13
22. Explain the purpose of selective breeding.
23. Describe the two techniques used in selective breeding.
24. Describe the usefulness of transgenic organisms and genetically modified organisms.
25. Summarize what happens during genetic transformation.
Chapter 22
26. Describe the evolution of plants (how the first plants evolved to the development of seed plants).
27. Compare and contrast monocots and dicots (this will include information found in chapters 23 and 24 as well).
28. Compare and contrast angiosperms and gymnosperms.
29. Explain the importance of vascular tissue and seeds.
30. Describe the three different life spans of angiosperms.
Chapter 23
31. Describe the different structures and functions of roots.
32. Explain primary and secondary growth in stems.
33. Describe the function and structure of stems.
34. Describe how the structure of the leaf enables it to carry out photosynthesis.
Chapter 24
35. Identify the reproductive structures of gymnosperms and angiosperms.
36. Explain how seeds are dispersed.
37. Describe the methods of plant propagation.
My suggestion is to expect approximately 2-4 questions for each of the objectives listed on this study guide. The exam will be multiple choice with some label identification style questions.