English 100
Vocabulary Quiz 4
Worksheet 1
accuse / alter / communicate / comprehend / sympathize(يَتَّـهِـم) to charge with the fault, offense, crime (usually followed by preposition of); (يَلوم) to consider someone or something responsible for something bad; (يَلوم، يَنْتَقِد) to find fault with / (يُغَيِّر) to make different in some particular, as size, style, course or the like; to modify (used with an object) / (يَنْقُل( المَعْلومات) to tell information, etc. (used with an object) / (يَفْهَم) to understand; (يَشْمَل) to include / (يَتَعاطَف) to be in sympathy or agreement of feeling; to share in a feeling (often followed by preposition with)
Word Families
Study the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic texts.
accusation / alter / communication / comprehension / sympathizeak-yoo-zey-shuhn / awl-ter / kuh-myoo-ni-key-shuhn / /kom-pri-hen-shuhn / sim-puh-thahyz
accuser / alteration / communicator / comprehend / sympathy
(the) accused / altered / communicate / comprehensive / sympathizer
accuse / communicative / comprehensively / sympathetic
accused / communicatively / unsympathetic
accusingly / sympathetically
Exercise – Word Form Chart
NOUN / VERB / ADJECTIVE / ADVERB1. accusation
2. accuser
3.(the) accused / accuse / accused / accusingly
alteration / alter / altered / X
1. communication
2. communicator / communicate / communicative / communicatively
comprehension / comprehend / X / X
X / comprehend / comprehensive / comprehensively
1. sympathy
2. sympathizer / sympathize / 1. sympathetic
2. unsympathetic / sympathetically
Reading
Challenges Faced by Immigrants
My father is Italian, and my mum is South African. On meeting in Africa they decided to immigrate to Australia to have their children. Often they sensed that they did not fit in, and even within the confines of their relationship they had to work to overcome cultural differences.
My father,at first, struggled with the language barrier between his Italian tongue and the English/Africans mix of South Africa. While he comprehended simple communication, Dad often found that he missed the punch line of jokes because of the language gap. It was when he began mixing with other people of varying backgrounds that he begin to feel more accepted.
While some native-speakersaccused Dad of not trying to learn the language, immigrants sympathized with him. The truth wasDad's progress in learning the language was slow because his whole family still was ‘Italian’ at home and spoke their native tongue. Dad found this a hindrance at the time, but in retrospect found it a blessing as it gave him a deep sense of history and culture. He discovered that when he accepted that he was different and was comfortable with this. This meant that he was able to relate to others with greater ease.
The move from Africa to Australia, while tough, was easier for my parents. They altered their criterion (مِعْيار، مِقياس) for choosing friends. They decided to choose friends, not based on cultural identity, but rather on the quality of the individual. Having children being schooled in the country also helped to build networks. My parents were keen to raise their kids with a sense of culture and, thus, decided to select the best elements of Italian, South Africa and Australian culture to create a cultural offshoot. This helped them to retain their own identity, whilst allowing us children to develop one of their own.
Accessed 8 December 2008
Comprehension Check
Exercise 1
Refer to the reading above and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.
__C__ /- alter
__D__ /
- accuse
__E__ /
- comprehend
__A__ /
- communicate
__B__ /
- sympathize
Exercise 2
Which word does not belong?
- alter
- accuse
- comprehend
- communicate
- sympathize
Word Study
Exercise 1
Many words in English are commonly used with certain prepositions. Find the following words in the reading, and write the prepositions that go with them on the line provided.
- accused
- sympathized
Exercise 2
Many words in English are commonly used with an object. Find the following words in the reading, and write the direct objects that are used with them on the line provided.
- altered
- comprehended
Using Words in Communication
Exercise
With a partner, read and complete the following sentences:
- One way to alter the ELU marking system is by . . .
- I was once unfairly accused of . . .
- The funniest example of not comprehending what was said in English was when . . .
- Failure to communicate can result in . . .
- Newspapers often report on people who have problems. One story that has gotten a lot of sympathy from readers is . . .
Worksheet 2
common / constant / environment / establish / objective(شائِع) seen or happening often; quite normal or usual; (مُشْتَرَك) belonging equally to or shared by more than one / (دائِم، لا يَتَوَقَّف) never stopping; (لا يَتَغَيَّر، ثابِت) unchanging / (محيط, بيئه) (a set of) surrounding conditions, especially those influencing development or growth / (يُثَبِّت، يُعَزِّز) to settle firmly in a position (e.g. a job, business, etc.; (يُؤَسِّس، يُقيم، يُنْشِئ) to found or set up (e.g. a business, university, etc.); (يُثْبِت، يُبَرْهِن) to show to be true or to prove / (هَدَف) a thing aimed at or a goal; (مَوْضوعي) not influenced by personal opinions, etc. (used with preposition about if an object is used)
Word Families
Study the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic texts.
common / constant / environment / establish / objectivekom-uhn / kon-stuhnt / en-vahy-ruhn-muhnt / i-stab-lish / uhb-jek-tiv
commonly / constantly / environmental / establishment / objectively
environmentally / established
Exercise – Word Form Chart
NOUN / VERB / ADJECTIVE / ADVERBX / X / common / commonly
X / X / constant / commonly
environment / X / environmental / environmentally
establishment / establish / established / X
objective / X / objective / objectively
Reading
Global Warming in Australia
Australia is the driest of all the continents. It has gone through many long droughts(جَفاف، قَحْط، مَحْل) in the past. For that reason most Australians do not believe that the latest drought is itself caused by global warming. However, one constant complaint is global warming has made the drought worse than it would otherwise have been. This belief is understandable: the warming trend(مَيْل، نَزْعَه، إتِّجاه) in Australia seems to be stronger than in other parts of the world. Between 1950 and 2001, the average temperature there rose by 0.7°C—more than it rose in the whole world during the entire 20th Century.
Because Australia is so dry, evaporation (يَتَبَخَّر، يُبَخِّر)rates there are always high. Approximately 90% of the rainwater commonly returns to the atmosphere(جَو)through evaporation. The especially hot weather during the drought often pushed the evaporation rate up to nearly a 100%. So, when rain fell during this period, it was often of no use to farmers.
There was some relief from the drought during 2007. The south-eastern coast actually had quite a wet summer although farther inland there was not enough rain to help farmers much. And the hot weather has continued: The year 2007 was the hottest ever in the south-eastern state of New South Wales with an average temperature 1.13°C above normal. A government climate scientist quoted in an Australian paper said researchers had established that Australia was getting warmer and that the change was possibly permanent. He said that at least 85% of the rise in temperature was caused by the "enhanced greenhouse effect."
Whether or not global warming was making Australia hotter and making Australian droughts worse, many Australians have obviously come to believe that was so. This belief had an effect on the elections there in November 2007. A new Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, was elected. During his election campaign, he had spoken frequently of the dangers of global warming to the environment and had promised, if he were elected, one of his objectives would be to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Accessed 8 December 2008
Comprehension Check
Exercise 1
Refer to the reading above and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.
__D__ /- commonly
__E__ /
- constant
__A__ /
- environment
__C__ /
- establish
__B__ /
- objectives
Exercise 2
Which word does not belong?
- common
- constant
- environment
- establish
- objective
Using Words in Communication
Exercise
With a partner, read and complete the following sentences:
- One common fear people have is . . .
- I constantly have to remind myself to . . .
- The biggest threat to the environment is . . .
- Within the next ten years, I hope to establish . . .
- Most people find it difficult to be objective about . . .
Worksheet 3
adolescent / adult / exile / hesitate / inheritn. (شاب ما بَين 13و19من العُمْر) a person in his or her teens; adj. (غَيْر ناضِج) childish and behaving like someone much younger / n. (إنْسَان بَالِغ، رَاشِد) a fully grown human; adj. (ناضِج، بالِغ) mature / v. (يَنْفي، يُبْعِد) to send away or banish a person from his/her own country; n. (نَفي، مَنْفى) a person who is forced to live outside his/her own country; n. (غُرْبَه، إغْتِراب) a (usually long) stay outside one’s country (usually because of punishment / v. (يَتَرَدَّد) to pause briefly, e.g. because of uncertainty; to be unwilling (to do something), e.g. because one is not sure it is right / v. (يَرِثُ) to receive property, etc. belonging to someone who has died; (يَرِثُ عادةً أو صِفَةً) to have ( e.g. qualities) the same as one’s parents or ancestors
Word Families
Study the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic texts.
adolescent / adult / exile / hesitate / inheritad-l-es-uhnt / uh-duhlt,ad-uhlt / eg-zahyl,ek-sahyl / hez-i-teyt / in-her-it
adolescence / adult / exile / hesitation / inheritance
adolescent / adulthood / hesitancy / inheritor
hesitant / inheritable
hesitantly
Exercise – Word Form Chart
NOUN / VERB / ADJECTIVE / ADVERB1. adolescent
2. / X / adolescent / X
adult / X / adult / X
exile / exile / X / X
hesitancy / hesitate / hesitant / hesitantly
hesitation / hesitate / X / X
1.inheritor
2.inheritance / inherit / inheritable / X
Reading
The Poet of the Voice
Fairuz, popularly known as the poet of the voice, inherited her love of singing from her grandmother. As a child, she enjoyed visiting her grandmother in the small Lebanese village of Dbayeh al-Chouf, where she spent hours listening to her grandmother sing folk songs and tell stories about traveling to Mexico and the United States during a brief exile from Lebanon.
At a school party one day in 1947, a teacher from the Lebanese Conservatory heard her sing. This man, Muhammad Fleifel, was looking for new talent at that time among school children to sing national hymns for airing on the newly established Lebanese Radio Station. He persuaded Fairuz’s father to enroll her at the conservatory. One day, when Fleifel was presenting a group of songs sung by conservatory students, the head of the music department at the Lebanese Radio Station, Halim Al-Rumi, happened to hear Fairuz at the recording room and asked to see the girl. After the program was over, a shy, thin adolescent came to his office. When he asked her if she wanted to sing on the radio, she said that she did. He asked her to sing something for him.
Al-Rumi was so impressed by Fairuz’s voice that he wanted to hire her as a chorus singer at the radio station in Beirut.Her father hesitated at first. It took a lot of coaxing to convince him. He stipulated that Fairuz was to be accompanied by her mother, her brother Joseph, or the neighbor's boy when she went to the station
Al-Rumi, so excited about the talent he had discovered, introduced Fairuz to 'Assi Rahbani, a policeman by profession and an aspiring composer, who was already aware of the talented new voice and anxious to meet Fairuz. The subsequent collaboration between the composer and the singer eventually resulted in a song that was to launch Fairuz for the first time as a major talent on a popular scale. Overnight, Itab established her as a major singer throughout the Arab world. Later, as an adult, Fairuz went on to record more than 800 songs, many of them written by Rahbani.
Accessed 9 December 2008
Comprehension Check
Exercise 1
Refer to the reading above and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.
__B__ /- adult
__D__ /
- adolescent
__A__ /
- exile
__E__ /
- hesitate
__C__ /
- inherit
Exercise 2
Which word does not belong?
- adolescent
- adult
- exile
- hesitate
- inherit
Word Study
Exercise
Select the pair of words having a similar relationship as the boldfaced pair. An example has been provided for you.
_b_ / environment : environmentalist : : / a. occur : occurrenceb. creation : creator
c. normal : normally
_c_ /
- adolescent : adult : :
b. creative : emphatic
c. younger : older
_b_ /
- exile : banish : :
b. chapter : section
b. leave : go
_a_ /
- hesitate : do : :
b. individual : society
c. context : creative
_b_ /
- inheritor : inherit : :
b. emphasis : emphasize
c. chapter: main division of a book
Using Words in Communication
Exercise
With a partner, read and complete the following sentences:
- An example of juvenile behavior is . . .
- An adult I admire is . . .
- One reason for exiling someone is . . .
- Sometimes, one should hesitate to . . .
- If I inherited 5 million dinars, I would . . .
Worksheet 4
fallacy / hemisphere / nervous / resume / tremblen. (مَظْهَر خادِع، مُغالَطَه) a wrong idea or belief, usually one that is believed to be true; false reasoning / n. (نِصْف الكُرة الأرضِيَّه) one half of the earth, especially one of the northern and southern halves above and below the equator / adj. (عَصَبي) of the nerves; (خائِف، قَلِق) rather afraid / v. (يَسْتأنِف) to begin again after starting / v. (يَرْتَجِف، يَرْتَعِش) to shake with fear, cold, weakness, etc.; n. (إرْتِجاف، إرْتِعاش) a shudder or tremor
Word Families
Study the five word families below. Then fill in the word form chart. The underlined word forms at the top of the list are the most commonly used forms in academic texts.
fallacy / hemisphere / nervous / resume / tremblefal-uh-see / hem-i-sfeer / nur-vuhs / ri-zoom / trem-buhl
fallacious / hemispheric / nervousness / resumption / trembling
fallaciously / hemispherical / nervously / trembly
Exercise – Word Form Chart
NOUN / VERB / ADJECTIVE / ADVERBfallacy / X / fallacious / fallaciously
hemisphere / X / 1.hemispheric
2.hemispherical / X
nervousness / X / nervous / nervously
resumption / resume / X / X
trembling / tremble / trembly / X
Reading
My Journey to Freedom
Adapted from an Article by Long Vang
My name is Long Vang. I was born in Laos, a country located in the southern hemisphere. My father worked on a farm, and my mother was a cook. I had two brothers and two sisters. We lived in a beautiful place and were very happy, but after my father died, we moved to the new place. In 1975, the communists came and took over my country. My brother and sister left me in Laos because at that time I was young and I couldn't go with them to Thailand. I thought my brothers and sisters would be back in a few months, but they didn't come back. At seventeen years old, I had to live by myself.
In 1978, I moved with the people who lived in the mountains to fight for freedom. I was a guerrilla soldierfrom 1979 to 1983. I lost many friends who lived in the forest.We didn't have enough food to eat. We fought one day and ate the next day. Because of the war and the death of so many friends, I became so nervous that it was hard for me to sleep. It was very difficult for me to live because I didn't have anyfamily with me. I only had my gun.
I knew I had to save my life. I realized if I fought the Enemy again, maybe my life would end.That was when I decided to leave Laos for Thailand. It was not easy for me to cross the border of Laos and Thailand because the Mekong River is between the two countries. When I came to the border, I knew I had to cut down a tree to make a small boat for me to cross the Mekong River. After I crossed the Mekong River, I began to tremble when I saw the many dead people floating in the water. I couldn't help them. It was scary.Then I entered Thailand. The Thai soldiers took me to a camp, where I lived for almost two years.
I dreamed of coming to America. I always thought about going back to my country. I waited month after month, year after year, but the communists still lived there. However, I thought that someday I would to go back to my country and live there forever, but my brother wrote me a letter,telling me to come to America and start a new life there.Thus, I decided to come to America and forget about my country, but that was a fallacy. I couldn't. Although I’ve resumed my life as a free man, I still miss my hometown where I was born.
Accessed 9 December 2008
Comprehension Check
Exercise 1
Refer to the reading above and use the context to guess the meanings of the words below. Then match the words to their definitions. Do NOT use the translation provided on the previous page.