Oracle Bones - Ancient China - Shang Dynasty
Shang kings, especially, believed in the power of their ancestors. The Shang wanted to ask their ancestors questions and wanted answers to their questions. They used oracle bones (sometimes called dragon bones) to accomplish this.
First, the king would ask a question: "Will the weather be sunny tomorrow?" The priest carved the king's question on an (animal) oracle bone. Then, the priest heated a thin pin made of bronze. Once heated, the pin was held against the bone. The heat caused a series of small cracks to appear. Those cracks formed a pattern of sorts. Then a special oracle reader, usually a woman, would "read" the cracks, and provide the king with an answer to his question.
Archaeologists have found thousands of oracle bones, each with a question carved on them. The questions on these oracle bones have told archaeologists a great deal about daily life during the Shang Dynasty. The thing is, the questions did not actually say "Will it be sunny tomorrow?" What the question actually said was something like this: "If I sacrifice 8 men or 3 oxen, will it be sunny tomorrow?"
A great many people and animals were sacrificed during Shang times so that Shang kings and queens could ask their ancestors questions. The people they sacrificed might be slaves, or people who were sick or deformed, or people captured in war, or someone who upset a noble, or a noble who upset the king. Social order decided if you were safe or not - royals, nobles, and warriors were always safe. Farmers were safe as well - crops were extremely valuable! Of all the Shang accomplishments, writing and recording history had to be the most important
Oracle Bones - Ancient China - Shang Dynasty
Shang kings, especially, believed in the power of their ancestors. The Shang wanted to ask their ancestors questions and wanted answers to their questions. They used oracle bones (sometimes called dragon bones) to accomplish this.
First, the king would ask a question: "Will the weather be sunny tomorrow?" The priest carved the king's question on an (animal) oracle bone. Then, the priest heated a thin pin made of bronze. Once heated, the pin was held against the bone. The heat caused a series of small cracks to appear. Those cracks formed a pattern of sorts. Then a special oracle reader, usually a woman, would "read" the cracks, and provide the king with an answer to his question.
Archaeologists have found thousands of oracle bones, each with a question carved on them. The questions on these oracle bones have told archaeologists a great deal about daily life during the Shang Dynasty. The thing is, the questions did not actually say "Will it be sunny tomorrow?" What the question actually said was something like this: "If I sacrifice 8 men or 3 oxen, will it be sunny tomorrow?"
A great many people and animals were sacrificed during Shang times so that Shang kings and queens could ask their ancestors questions. The people they sacrificed might be slaves, or people who were sick or deformed, or people captured in war, or someone who upset a noble, or a noble who upset the king. Social order decided if you were safe or not - royals, nobles, and warriors were always safe. Farmers were safe as well - crops were extremely valuable! Of all the Shang accomplishments, writing and recording history had to be the most important