Second nine weeks study guide 2013-2014

Test Date: ______Name:______

  1. Excretion is the process where Wastes are removed from the body.
  2. The structure of DNA is described as being a Double Helix.
  3. The Controlgroup is the part of the experiment that is used for comparison of data.
  4. Write a testable hypothesis in if…then…format for each of the following research problems. Identify the manipulated variable and the responding variable for each.
  1. What effect does high temperature have on radish germination?

Hypothesis: If I expose the radish seeds to high temperature then they will not germinate.

IV: Temperature

DV: seed germination

  1. What effect does food color have on the amount of food fish eat?

Hypothesis: If I feed my fish blue colored food then he will eat more.

IV: blue color

DV: more food

5. Identify the IV and DV in the following experiments.

A. If acid rain is in water, thenthe fish population will increase.

IV: acid rain DV: population increase

  1. If calcium is given, then bone strength will increase.

IV: calcium DV: bone strength increases

Use the graph above to answer the next three questions.

  1. Predict the population of the United States in the year 2010. 275 million
  2. Use the graph to determine the approximate population of the United States in 1935, 1945 and 1985.140, 148, and 240
  3. What is the DV and the IV in the graph?IV is year and DV is population
  4. A cell wall, one large vacuole and chloroplasts are found in only plant cells and not in animals.
  5. The DNA of anEukaryotic cell is located in the nucleus.
  6. An example of a prokaryotic cell is bacteria.
  7. List four traits that are inheritable in humans and four traits that are not.

Hair color, eye color, arm length and number of eye

Ability to read, speak English, intelligence, loss of limb due to an accident

The diagram to the right illustrates which process?Diffusion

  1. Cellular respiration is the process where sugar is broken down to release energy. This process occurs in the Mitochondria of the cell.
  2. Agriculture is the field of science which genetic engineering is most often applied.
  3. The purpose of the cell cycle is to createtwo daughtercells with the same amount ofDNA as the parent cell.
  4. What process has to occur in the parent cell before cell division to insure that the daughter cells have the same amount of DNA as the parent cell? DNA replication
  5. What is the pattern of organization that is found in all living organisms beginning with the simplest level?CellTissueOrganOrgan systemOrganism
  6. The four nitrogenous base pairs found in DNA are Adenine which pairs with Thymine and Cytosinewhich pairs with Guanine.
  7. The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called osmosis.
  8. Agene is a section of DNA that codes for a trait.
  9. What are the alleles that determine a human will be male? XY Female? XX
  10. In human body cells there are 46chromosomes and in gametes there are 23 chromosomes.
  11. What cell process produces sperm and egg cells?Meiosis
  12. Gametesis another term for sex cells.
  13. Watson and Crick developed the first 3-D model of DNA.
  14. Any mistake in the DNA code causes Mutation
  15. Franklin was the scientist who took an x-ray of the structure of DNA.
  16. What are the three statements that make up the cell theory?
  17. The cell is the smallest unit of life
  18. All living things are made up of cells
  19. All cells come from pre-existing cells
  20. Virchowwrote the original cell theory using the work of Hooke, Schleiden and Schwann.
  21. The different forms or variations of a gene/trait is called Alleles
  22. Phenotypeis the physical appearance or expression of a trait.
  23. Who was the scientist who said all animals are made up of cells?Schwann
  24. Who was the scientist who said all plants are made up of cells?Schleiden
  25. Who was the scientist who first saw living cells with a microscope?Leeuwenhoek
  26. Who was the scientist who gave cells their name after looking at a piece of cork under a microscope?Hooke
  27. Who invented the compound microscope?Jannsen
  28. Why do scientists use models? Give an example of three different models found in the classroom.

Weather map, map of solar system, cell model, globe, DNA, map of USA. Scientist use models to understand events or objects that they cannot observe directly.

  1. What type of research involves the replacing of malfunctioning genes with properly working genes?Genetic engineering-gene therapy
  2. The actual alleles an organism has for a given trait is called genotype and it is represented by letterssuch as TT, Tt, tt
  3. Label the parts of the cell below

6=nucleus 7=mitochondria 8=cytoplasm 9=cell wall 10=cell membrane 11=vacuole 12 chloroplast

  1. What organelle is selectively permeable? Cell membrane
  2. Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis? chloroplast
  3. Chlorophyllis the green pigment that absorbs sunlight.
  4. Stomata are the structures on the underside of a leaf that allow gases to enter and exit the plant.
  5. Cytoplasm is responsible for holding the other organelles in place and is described as being a jelly-like substance.
  6. DNA is located in which organelle in an animal cell? Nucleus
  7. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondriaof a cell.
  8. Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis are the stages of the cell cycle.
  9. Mitosis is divided into four stages- Name each stage and describe what happens in each.
  10. P- Prophase looks like a pile of worm. Nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes become visible and spindle fibers appear
  11. M-Metaphase-Middle-Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach to the centromere
  12. A- Anaphase-chromosomes are pulled apart and pulled to opposite sides of the cell
  13. T-Telophase-Two new nuclei are formed in the cell and cytokinesis begins
  14. Photosynthesis is the process which uses water and carbon dioxide to convert light energy into chemical energy.
  15. The majority of Earth’s oxygen was produced by which cellular process? Photosynthesis
  16. Glucose or C6H12O6is the sugar produced during photosynthesis.
  17. What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis to occur?

Water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide

  1. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

6CO2 + 6H20 + SUNLIGHT  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  1. What is the benefit to plants for going through the process of photosynthesis?Make food
  2. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O26CO2 + 6H20+ ENERGY IS RELEASED

  1. The products of cellular respiration are water, carbon dioxide and the releasing of energyfrom sugar molecules.
  2. What cellular process is the basis for almost all food webs? Photosynthesis
  3. Cell growthandDNA replication occur during interphase of the cell cycle.
  4. Meiosis produces gametes which have half the amount of DNA as the parent cell.
  1. List at least three lab safety rules that all students need to follow.

Always wear goggles, tie back hair, no food in lab, following directions

  1. Scientific experiments need to be repeated as many times as possible in order for the data to be considered accurate.
  2. Graduated cylinder is used to determine the volume of a liquid.
  3. Complete a Venn diagram comparing the organelles found in plant and animal cells.

Found only in plants / Found in both / Found on in animal
Chloroplast, cell wall / Nucleus, cell membrane, ribosomes, er, mitochondria, cytoplasm, vacuole, lysosome,
Golgi body,

  1. Use the graph above to answer the following questions.
  2. What two sources of moneytopayfornewroadsarerepresentedinthisgraph?

New tolls and increase in gas tax

  1. Is increasing gas taxes the most preferred way to raise money for new roads? No more tolls
  1. What is the independent variable in the experiment below? Distance ruler is pulled back

Distance Ruler Pulled Back (cm) / Distance Tennis Ball Traveled (cm)
4 / 4
5 / 10
6 / 18
7 / 28
8
  1. Using the chart above predict the distance the ball will travel when the ruler is pulled back 8 cm. 40
  2. Spongebob's cousin, SpongeJimBob, is a heterozygous yellow sponge. He recently married a blue sponge gal.
  3. What are the genotypes of the parents? Yy yy
  4. Show the cross using a Punnett square

Yy / yy
Yy / yy
  1. What are the possible genotypes for the offspring? Yy, yy
  2. What are the possible phenotypes for the offspring? Blue and yellow
  3. What percentage would be yellow? 50 %
  4. What percentage would be blue? 50 %
  1. Purebred - Also called _homozygous and consists of gene pairs with genes that are the same.
  2. Hybrid - Also called heterozygous and consists of gene pairs with genes that are different.

Use the chart below to answer the following questions

Characteristic / Dominant Allele / Recessive Allele
Body shape / Squarepants (S) / Roundpants (s)
Body color / Yellow (Y) / Blue (y)
Eye shape / Round (R) / Oval (r)
  1. Give the possible genotypes for each trait based on the information provided in the chart.

Purebred squarepants - SSBlue body - yy

Hybrid round eyes - RrPurebred roundpants - ss

Heterozygous squarepants - Sshomozygous yellow body - YY

  1. Give the phenotypes for each genotype based on the information provided in the chart.

SS Square pants Yy–Yellowrr - oval

Rr–Roundss–roundpants YY - Yellow

  1. SpongeJimBob has oval eyes, while his bride is believed to be homozygous for her round eye shape. Create a Punnett square to help you answer the questions.

Rr / Rr
Rr / Rr
  1. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring?

Rr

  1. What percentage would have round eyes? 100 %
  2. What percentage would have oval eyes? 0 %
  1. Red hair (R) is dominant in Leprechauns. Luke is homozygous dominant for this trait and Lola is heterozygous for this trait. Show a Punnett Square for this cross and answer the following questions. Luke’s genotype RR Lola’s genotype Rr
  2. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? RR, Rr
  3. What is the percent chance an offspring will have one of the genotypes? 100

BB / Bb
Bb / bb
  1. Blue eyes (b) are recessive to brown eyes (B). A cross between the parents is shown below. What are the possible genotypes for the parents?

Bb, Bb

1. August2. February3. 3 degrees4. 95. 46. Wider since it is farther from the equator.