Biology Fall 2014- Ms. Mary Nugent

Chapter 3 Biochemistry Study Guide

Terms to know:

*All vocabulary terms in Chapter 3. Please write out all terms if you did not complete any of the homework assignments.

*Be sure to write your answers/responses on a separate piece of paper.

  1. What is the main element of organic compounds found in living things?
  2. How do organic and inorganic compounds differ?
  3. Draw the atomic structure of the carbon atom (Bohr model, like we did in class)
  4. How many electrons are found in the outermost level for carbon?
  5. How many covalent bonds can carbon form with other atoms?
  6. Can carbon form bonds with other carbon atoms and with atoms of other elements?
  7. What is an organic macromolecule?
  8. What are the four groups of organic macromolecules?
  9. Which two groups of organic macromolecules can store energy?
  10. Which group of organic macromolecules contains enzymes?
  11. Which group of organic macromolecules provides the main energy source for animals?
  12. What is the energy currency of the cell?
  13. Why is ATP considered to be similar to a fully charged battery?
  14. What are two peptide hormones that regulate blood sugar?
  15. What group of organic macromolecules contains peptide hormones?
  16. Why do insulin dependent diabetics need to inject insulin rather than taking an oral medication?
  17. What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes? P.58
  18. What are two steroid hormones?
  19. What group of organic macromolecules contains steroid hormones?
  20. In what compound do animals store glucose?
  21. In what compound do plants store glucose?
  22. What is cellulose and where is it generally found in plants?
  23. What is the main difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide?
  24. What is an enzyme?
  25. How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
  26. Are enzymes “used up” in a chemical reaction?
  27. What is the relationship between a substrate and an active site?
  28. What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?
  29. What is the subunit (monomer) of each of the following: carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and nucleic acid?
  30. What elements are found in each of the following: carbohydrate, lipid, protein and nucleic acid?
  31. What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?
  32. Would you want to eat more unsaturated than saturated fats? Name three examples of foods you would eat more of and less of.
  33. Explain the two parts of a phospholipid and identify which is hydrophilic and which is hydrophobic.
  34. Why do phospholipids orient in a bilayer when in a watery environment, such as a cell?
  35. Which group of organic macromolecules store and transfer important information in the cell?
  36. What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
  37. Why would an athlete choose to eat a high carbohydrate dinner the night before a competition?
  38. Which group of organic macromolecule contains fats, oils and waxes?

Be sure to read your text (including diagrams and photos), study all handouts (including the table you made of organic macromolecules on the green paper), and quizzes.