APES Unit 5 Learning Log
Chapter 11
1: How have human activities affected the earth’s biodiversity?
2: What is conservation biology? What role does bioinfomatics play in helping sustain biodiversity?
3: What are the major types of public lands in the United States, and how are they used?
4: Why are forest resources important, and how are they used, managed, and sustained?
5: How should forests in the United States be used, managed, and sustained?
6: How serious is tropical deforestation, and how can we help sustain tropical forests?
7: What problems do parks face, and how should we manage them?
8: How should we establish, design, protect, and manage terrestrial nature reserves?
9: What is wilderness, and why is it important?
10: What is ecological restoration, and why is it important?
11: What can we do to help sustain the earth’s biodiversity?
12. List the advantages and disadvantages of clear-cutting timber in U.S. national forests.
13. List the advantages and disadvantages of making paper from tree-free sources such as rice straw and kenaf fibers.
14. According to scientists, what is the minimum percentage of the earth’s land area that we should strictly protect from harmful human activities? What percentage has been strictly protected?
15. Describe efforts by Costa Rica to establish reserves to protect its biodiversity and (b) the role of the Nature Conservancy in establishing nature reserves in the United States and other parts of the world.
16. List the advantages and disadvantages of (a) large reserves and (b) establishing corridors between reserves.
Chapter 12
1: How do biologists estimate extinction rates, and how are human activities affecting these rates?
2: Why should we care about biodiversity and species extincti
3: What human activities endanger wildlife?
4: How can we help prevent premature extinction of species?
5: What is reconciliation ecology, and how can it be used to help prevent premature extinction of species?
6. Describe how each of the following factors contributes to the premature extinction of species, and give an example of a species affected by each factor: (a) habitat loss and degradation, (b) habitat fragmentation, (c) deliberately introduced nonnative species, (d) accidentally introduced nonnative species, (e) commercial hunting and illegal hunting (poaching), (f) predator and pest control, (g) the legal and illegal market for exotic pets and decorative plants, and (h) climate change and pollution.
7. What percentage of the world's known bird species are (a) declining in numbers and (b) threatened with extinction? List three reasons why birds are excellent indicators of environmental conditions.
8. Give two examples of (a) deliberately introduced harmful species and (b) accidentally introduced harmful species.
9. What are major characteristics of (a) successful invader species and (b) ecosystems vulnerable to invader species? List four ways to reduce the threat from nonnative species.
10. List the benefits and limitations of protecting species using (a) the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and (b) the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the United States.
11. Distinguish among habitat conservation plans, safe harbor agreements, and voluntary candidate conservation plans used as ways to help implement the ESA.
12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of compensating landowners when the protection of endangered species decreases the financial value of their land?
13. Give reasons why you believe the ESA has been a failure or a success. List measures that would strengthen and weaken the ESA in the United States. List the major accomplishments of the Endangered Species Act.
14. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using the following to help protect endangered species: (a) wildlife refuges, (b) gene banks and botanical gardens, (c) zoos and animal research centers, and (d) aquariums. p prevent premature extinction of species?
Chapter 13
1: What is aquatic biodiversity, and what is its economic and ecological importance?
2: How are human activities affecting aquatic biodiversity?
3: How can we protect and sustain marine biodiversity?
4: How can we manage and sustain the world’s marine fisheries?
5: How can we protect, sustain, and restore wetlands?
6: How can we protect, sustain, and restore lakes, rivers, and freshwater fisheries?
7. List four major human impacts on aquatic biodiversity in terms of habitat loss and degradation.
8. Describe how overfishing has affected the populations of many marine and freshwater aquatic species. Explain how most commercial marine fishing can be viewed as an example of the tragedy of the commons.
9. Give two examples of how the deliberate or accidental introduction of nonnative species has affected fish populations. Describe the threat to wetlands from invasion by purple loosestrife.
10. List four factors that make it difficult to protect marine biodiversity.
11. Describe the projection fish populations using (a) maximum sustained yield (MSY), (b) optimum sustained yield (OSY), (c) multispecies management, (d) large marine system management, and (e) the precautionary principle.
12. List ways to prevent overfishing and protect marine biodiversity by (a) enacting fishery regulations, (b) using economic approaches, (c) setting aside protected area, (d) providing consumer information, (e) reducing bycatch, (f) controlling aquaculture, and (g) dealing with nonnative invasions.