NAME ______CLASS ______DATE ______

Chapter 5 Study Guide/Review Guide (2013-2014)

NOTES

Ch. 5.1

1.  Which element is found in ALL living things?

2.  Why can C form 4 bonds with other elements?

3.  What is a Carbon skeleton?

4.  Define organic molecule.

5.  When H bonds with C, what is it called?

6.  What is a functional group?

7.  Draw the 4 functional groups.

8.  What is a monomer? Give an example of a carbohydrate monomer.

9.  What type of reaction occurs when you ADD a monomer? What is it called when you take monomers AWAY?

10. Name the 4 large molecules for life.

Ch. 5.2

11. What shape do most carbohydrates form for their carbon skeleton?

12. How many sugars are in a MONOsaccharide?

13. Give the main functions for sugars.

14. Draw the structure of glucose.

15. How do you make a disaccharide?

16. What are long chains of sugars called?

17. What is the difference between STARCH and GLYCOGEN?

Ch. 5.3

18. What happens when a lipid mixes with water? What is this called?

19. What is a main function of lipids?

20. Give an example of a saturated fat. Unsaturated?

21. Explain how a steroid structure is different from a ‘regular’ fat structure.

22. How can steroids be GOOD for your body?

23. Aside from clogging arteries, what else does cholesterol do in your body?

Ch. 5.4

24. Which monomer makes up protein?

25. What do proteins do?

26. Draw the general structure of all amino acids.

27. What makes each amino acid different?

28. Lots of amino acids linked in to a chain is called what?

29. Why is protein shape so important?

30. What happens if the shape is changed? What is that called?

Ch. 5.5

31. What do enzymes help with?

32. Define activation energy.

33. Why is heat not a good form of activation energy for cells?

34. What is a catalyst?

35. Define enzyme.

36. What is a substrate?

37. Where do substrates meet the enzyme?

38. Why is enzyme shape important?

39. What letters do enzymes end in?

LABS

Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic

40. Why do we know that a pencil was hydrophobic?

Toothpick Enzyme

41. Which acted as the SUBSTRATE, the toothpick or your hand?

42. Give an analogy to show how an ENZYME works.