VOCABULARY FOR SUPERQUIZ #3
UNIT #1 – RENAISSANCE - KEY VOCAB
1 – Late Middle Ages
Roman Catholic Church
Indulgences
Purgatory
Simony
Papal Infallibility
Excommunication
Relics
John Wycliffe & the Lollards
Jan Huss
Catherine of Sienna
Little Ice AgeThe Great Famine of 1315-1322
Manors, fiefs, vassalage
Incorporated towns, royal charter
Hundred Years War
Joan of Arc
Black Death
Muslim Empire; the Turks
Transubstantiation
2 – Italian Renaissance
Renaissance
Patronage
Black Death
Communes
Popolo
Signori
Oligarchy
Courts
City States (passionate loyalty!)
“The Big Five” - Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples, Papal States
Medici family
Cosimo de Medici
Lorenzo de Medici (the Magnificent)
SvorzaFamiy
Italians Wars
3 – Humanism, Education and Politics
Francesco Petrarch
Italian Humanism
Virtu
Renaissance Man
Baldassare Castiglione - Book of the Courtier - 1528
Nicolo Machiavelli - The Prince - 1513
Machiavellian
“the ends justifies the means”
“it’s better to be feared than loved”
Christian Humanism / Northern Humanism
Thomas More
Utopia - 1516
Desiderius Erasmus - The Praise of Folly
Johannes GutenbergPrinting Press – movable type - 1440
Movable type
4 – Renaissance Art
Patronage
Lorenzo Medici (“the Magnificent”)
Pope Julius II
Florentines
Giotto
Realism
Perspective
Michelangelo Buonarotti, Donatello, Brunelleschi, Leonardo, Pieter Brughel
Raphael, Titian
Flemish (Flanders)
Jan van Eyck
St. Peter’s Basilica
Pieta
Sistine Chapel Ceiling
Mannerism
Last Judgment Wall (of Sistine Chapel)
Individualism
Single Point Perspective and Leading Lines
Idealism
Chiaroscuro
Fresco
Medium
Tempera (egg tempera on wood)
5 – Spain, France and England (the Northern Monarchies)
Charles VII of France
Louis XI of France (The Spider)
The Empire / The Holy Roman Empire - Golden Bull
Hapsburg
Electors
Wars of the Roses
House of YorkHouse of Lancaster
Henry Tudor / Henry VII
Court of the Star Chamber
Parliament
Aragon and Castile; Ferdinand and Isabella - Reconquista
1492 - Granada
Conversos / New Christians
Inquisition
6 – German Reformation
Anticlericalism
Pluralism / Dualism
Absenteeism
Martin Luther
University of Wittenberg
“faith alone, grace alone, Scripture alone” (Justification by faith alone)
Pope Leo X
Indulgence
Purgatory
Albert of Mainz Indulgences
Johanne TetzelIndulgences
95 Theses on the Power of Indulgences - 1517
Johann Eck
Excommunicated
Clergy and Lay people
Charles V
Diet
Diet of Worms - 1521
“I cannot and will not recant anything. Here I stand. I can do no more.”
Frederick of Saxony
Ulrich Zwingli
Protestant
Priesthood of all believers
Transubstantiation
[Consubstantiation] (look up)
Elector of Saxony [Frederic of Saxony]
Anabaptists, Quakers, Congregationalists
German Peasants’ War of 1525 [Peasant’s Rebellion]
Priesthood of All Believers
7a – English Reformation
English Reformation
Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
Henry’s brother Arthur
Papal dispensation
Daughter Mary
Anne Boleyn
Relation to Charles V – relationship to Catherine
Papal jurisdiction
Thomas More
Jane Seymour
Son, Edward
The English Church
[the practices Henry kept]
Thomas Cromwell
Nationalization of the Church
Edward VI
Archbishop Thomas Cranmer
Book of Common Prayer
Mary Tudor [Mary I] “Bloody Mary”
Philip II of Spain
Elizabeth I
Puritans
To not “make windows to men’s souls”
Anglican Church
Mary, Queen of Scots
Flanders
1588 - Spanish Armada
Additional words to know for Henry (not in text)
Defense of the Seven Sacraments – 1521
Defender of the Faith – 1523
Reformation Parliament
Act of Supremacy of 1529
Six Articles – 1539
Additional words to know for Elizabeth (not in text)
Act of Supremacy of 1559
Act of Uniformity – 1559
Politique
Jane Grey (Jane of Nine Days)
7b – The Politics of Religion, the Hapsburgs, and Calvinism
Hapsburgs
Charles V
Zwingli
Imperial Diet in 1530 in Augsburg (Diet of Augsburg – 1530)
Augsburg Confession – 1531
Hapsburg-Valois Wars (1522-1559)
Ottoman Turks – 1529 (Vienna)
1546-1555 fighting (religious wars in Germany)
Peace of Augsburg - 1555
Calvinism
John Calvin
Geneva
Predestination [no “Free will”]
“elected” (saved) - [the elect]
Genevan Consistory
Mary, Queen of Scots
John Knox
Presbyterian Church of Scotland
Other words to know (not in text)
Edict of Worms - 1521
Peasants Revolt – 1524
Sacraments (from seven to two)
8 – Catholic Counter Reformation
Pope Paul III (1534-1549)
The Holy Office
Index of Prohibited Books
Council of Trent
New orders
Ursuline Order of Nuns
Society of Jesus
Jesuits
Ignatius of Loyola
9 – Religious Violence
Habsburg-Valois Wars
Huguenots
Henry II (France)
Catherine de Medici
Margaret of Valois
Henry of Navarre (Henry Bourbon / Henry IV)
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre – 1572
Politiques
Henry III (France); Valois
Edict of Nantes – 1598
Low Countries
Duke of Alva
Pacification
Council of Blood
Union of Utrecht
Great European Witch Hunt (1480s-1700s)
Other words to know:
Guise family
Henry IV - “Paris is well worth a Mass”
Marie de Medici
Spanish Netherlands – 17 provinces; United Provinces
Spanish Fury
Antwerp (associate with the Spanish Fury)
Dutch Rebellion – William of Orange (80 Years War)
William of Orange (William the Silent)
Council of Troubles (Council of Blood)
Pacification of Ghent
The Apology
Dutch Golden Age
Battle of Lepanto – Philip II
Elizabethan England (1558-1603)
Act of Supremacy of 1559 (and Act of Uniformity)
Invincible Armada – 1588
UNIT #2 – ABSOLUTISM KEY VOCAB
1 - Exploration (444-475)
Venice & Genoa
Conquistadores
Caravel
Lateen sails and sternpost rudder
Magnetic compass and astrolabe
Prince Henry the Navigator
Bartholomeu Dias & Cape of Good Hope
Vasco de Gamma & India
Christopher Columbus
Ferdinand and Isabella
San Salvador
Amerigo Vespucci – Mundus Novus
Treaty of Tordesillas
Ferdinand Magellan – The Pacific
John Cabot and Jacques Cartier
Columbian Exchange
Dutch East Indian Company
Dutch West Indian Company
Michel de Montaigne & Cultural Relativism
Elizabeth I
James I
2 - Thirty Years War (480-486)
Serfs and Serfdom
Thirty Years War
Protestant Union
Catholic League
Bohemian Phase
Battle of the White Mountain
Danish Phase - Christian IV of Denmark
Albert of Wallenstein (Albrecht von Wallenstein)
Swedish Phase - GustavusAdulphus
French Phase – Cardinal Richelieu
Peace of Westphalia
Sovereignty and sovereign
Frederick of the Palatinate
Maximillian of Bavaria
Ferdinand Hapsburg (King of Bohemia, Emperor)
Defenestration of Prague
3 – Absolutism in France and Spain (486-494)
Henry IV – Bourbon Dynasty (Henri le Grand)
Edict of Nantes (1598)
Marie de Medici
Louis XIII
Cardinal Richelieu (“favorite”)
Cardinal Mazarin
The Fronde
Louis XIV
Divine Right
“Sun King”
Estates General
Palace of Versailles
System of Patronage
Jean-Baptiste Colbert – finance minister
Mercantilism
Other terms to know from Louis XIV:
Absolutism
Duke of Sully
St. Bartholemew’s Day Massacre (1572)
Huguenot oppression
French involvement in the Thirty Years War
Hotel des Invalides
L’etatc’estmoi
Sun King
Versailles – the Palace of Versailles
Marie Therese
Jansenists
Mercantilism
Wars of Louis XIV
Charles II of Spain ( King Charles II (“the Sufferer”))
Philip of Anjou / Philip V of Spain
War of Spanish Succession
Grand Alliance
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
Decline of Absolutist Spain
Thirty Years War (for the Spanish)
Other terms to know from Louis XIV’s Wars:
War of Devolution
Franco-Dutch War
Treaty of Dover – the end of the Triple Alliance
Revoking of the Edict of Nantes
Nine Years War
Glorious Revolution - William III (William of Orange/King of England)
King Williams War (in America)
Queen Ann’s War (in America)
Austrian Netherlands (shifted ownership)
4 – Russian and the Ottoman Empire - Eastern Europe (497-505)
Ivan III (the Great)
Boyars
Tsars (Czars)
Ivan IV (The Terrible)
Anastasia Romanov
Cossacks
Times of Troubles
Michael Romanov
Serfdom
Peter I (The Great)
Great Northern War
Peasant soldiers
St. Petersburg - Window to the West
Ottoman Empire
Balkans
sultan
Janissary Corps
Istanbul
5 – The German Powers - Absolutism in Austria and Prussia - (494-497)
Hapsburgs
Bohemia
Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna
Prussia
Hohenzollern family
Electors of Brandenburg and Dukes of Prussia
Frederick William, the Great Elector
Junkers
Frederick I, King of Prussia (b/c of the War of Spanish Succession)
Frederick William I – “the Soldier’s King”
6 –English Civil War (506-510)
Constitutionalism
Republicanism
James Stuart – James I (from Scotland)
Absolutist belief in Divine Right
Charles I
English Civil War
Puritans
“No bishop, no king”
William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury
Book of Common Prayer introduced to Scotland - Scottish Rebellion
Long Parliament (1640-1660)
Irish Rebellion
New Model Army
Oliver Cromwell
Rump Parliament
Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan – “Social Contract”
Commonwealth of England / The Republic
The Protectorate - Lord Protector
Instrument of Government (Cromwell)
Other terms for English Civil War
House of Stuart
James VI of Scotland / James I of England
King James version of the Bible – 1611
Book of Sports
Puritan “Separatists”
Duke of Buckingham - Buckingham Palace
Gun Powder Plot – Guy Fawkes
Petition of Right
John Hampden, John Pym
Puritans in Parliament
Short Parliament (1640)
Gentry
Roundheads vs. Cavaliers
Pride’s Purge
7 – Non-Absolutist States: England and the Dutch Republic, and Baroque (510-515)
The Restoration of 1660
Test Act of 1673
Charles II
James II
Mary (daughter to James) and William (of Orange) – William and Mary (William III and Mary II)
The Glorious Revolution of 1688
Bill of Rights
John Locke – Second Treatise of Civil Government
Natural Rights – life, liberty, property
Cabinet
Robert Walpole – Prime Minister
Hanoverian King George I
George II
The Dutch Republic
Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands
“Golden Age”
Oligarchy of “regents”
Estates
States General
Holland
Stadholder
Prince of Orange
William III of England
Dutch Republic
Baroque art
Peter Paul Rubens Johann Sebastian Bach
UNIT #3 – ENGLIGHTENMENT - KEY VOCAB
1 – Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution
Natural philosophy
Aristotelian view and Ptolemaic astronomy {Geocentric}
Nicolae Copernicus (Poland)
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)
Copernican hypothesis {Heliocentric}
Tycho Brahe (Denmark); {Tychonic Model}
Johannes Kepler (Bohemia)
Laws of planetary motion
Elliptical paths around sun
Planets speed up near sun
Rotation speed is proportional to distance
New Astronomy (1609)
Sun-centered (solar) system {Heliocentric}
Galileo Galilei (Italy – Florence)
Experimental method
Law of Inertia
Telescope from Holland
Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World (1632)
Trial of Galileo in 1632
heresy
Isaac Newton (England)
Centripetal force
Principia (1687) (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy)
Newton’s three laws of motion
Law of universal gravitation (mutual attraction)
Calculus
Francis Bacon (England) – {“twist the lion’s tale”}
Empiricism
Rene Descartes (“I think, therefore I am”)
Analytic geometry
Deductive reasoning
Cartesian dualism
Four humors
Andreas Vesalius
On the Structure of the Human Body
William Harvey
Robert Boyle
Atoms
Boyles Law (1662)
Other words to know
Geocentric
Heliocentric
Tychonic Model
2 – Enlightenment
Enlightenment
Reason
Rationalism
European Enlightenment (1690-1789)
Skeptics
Pierre Bayle
skepticism
Baruch Spinoza
Tabula Rasa (John Locke)
Philosophes
Montesquieu
Separations of Powers and Checks & Balances
Parlements (in France – not Parliament in England)
Voltaire
The Encyclopedia
Denis Diderot
Salons
Salonnieres
Rococo
David Hume
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The Social Contract (1762)
Other words to know
Existentialist
3 – Enlightened Absolutism
Enlightened absolutism
Frederick II / Frederick the Great
Maria Theresa {Archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress}
Silesia
Pragmatic Sanction
War of Austrian Succession {King George’s War}
Seven Years War {French and Indian War}
Peter III
“first servant of the State” (Frederick)
Catherine the Great
Peter III of Russia
Pugachev’s Rebellion
Partition of Poland
Maria Theresa
Charles VI (only in relation to Maria Theresa)
Joseph II (r. 1780-1790)
Leopold II (r.1790-1792)
Other words to know
Archduchess of Austria, Holy Roman Empress
French and Indian War
King George’s War
Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
4 – Agricultural Revolution (Working the Land) & Population Explosion
80% of the people in western countries
Open Field System (three field system)
Gleaning of grain
Agricultural revolution (1650-1850)
The common
Enclosure
Jethro Tull
Seed Drill
Enclosure Movement
Proletarianization
Other words to know
Charles “Turnip” Townsend
Robert Bakewell
Population Explosion
Population explosion of 1700s
[Change in mortality]
[Following the 1722 Black Death outbreak]
[Effect of the potato]
5 - Growth of cities and towns
Cottage industry
Putting out system
Textiles
John Jay – Flying shuttle
“spinsters”
Consumer economy
Guild system
Guild masters
Adam Smith - Wealth of Nations – 1776
Economic Liberalism
6 - Building the Global Economy
NAVIGATION ACTS (1651)
Anglo-Dutch Wars (1652-1674)
New Amsterdam -> New York (1664)
[plantation agriculture, especially in Brazil and Caribbean Islands]
[abolition campaign]
Rivalry: Dutch East Indian Company vs. English East Indian Company
Rivalry: France vs. England in India
“Jewel” in the British Empire
Other words to know
Anne I of England
Act of Settlement (1701)
Act of Union (1707)
United Kingdom / British
George I of England (Hanoverian Elector) (1714-1727)
James Edward, Stuart “Old” Pretender
Robert Walpole - Prime Minister
Whigs vs. Tories in Parliament
South Sea Bubble
House of Lords and House of Commons
George II of England (1727-1760)
War of Jenkins Ear (1739)
War of Austrian Succession (1740-1747)
Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
Seven Years War (1756-1763)
George III of England (1760-1820)
Boroughs
“rotten boroughs”
War of Jenkins Ear (1739)
War of Austrian Succession / King George’s War (1740-1748)
Frederick the Great of Prussia
Maria Theresa of Austria, 23 years old
Pragmatic Sanction
Silesia
“Diplomatic Revolution” of 1756
Seven Years’ War / French and Indian War (1756-1763)
7 - Marriage and Family (586-595) and (595-614)
Nuclear families
Community controls
Illegitimacy explosion
Wet nursing
Foundling homes (foundling hospitals)
Attitudes toward children after 1760
Bull-baiting & cock fighting
Carnival
Consumer revolution
Methodists
Deism
Jansenism
Midwifery
Smallpox
Edward Jenner
8 – Crisis of Political Legitimacy
Louis XV
Duke of Orleans
The parlements (found only in France)
Robe nobility (Nobility of the Robe, vs. Nobility of the Sword)
Impact of the War of Austrian Succession on France (financially)
Madame de Pompadour
Louis XVI
The impact of the American Revolution
Impact of the Seven Years War on the relationship of Britain to the American colonies
Other words to know
John Law
National Bank of Paris
Mississippi Company
Mississippi Bubble
Cardinal Fleury
Unit #4 – FRENCH REVOLUTION & NAPOLEON (1789-1815) - Vocab
LESSON #1 – CAUSES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
First Estate - .5%
Second Estate – 1.5%
Third Estate
Bourgeois
Peasants
Louis XV
Rene Maupeou
Parlement of Paris
American Revolution
Assembly of Notables
Estates General
Other words to know:
High Clergy
Low Clergy
Nobility of the Sword / Robe
Haute/Petit Bourgeois
“aprèsmoi, le deluge”
Marie Antoinette
Maria Theresa
Joseph II
“let them eat cake”
Jacues Necker
Charles Colonne
Charles de Brienne
Assembly of Clergy
George III
Lord North
LESSON #2 – EARLY CONFLICTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789-1790)
Estates General
Three orders
Clergy – Nobility – Commoners
Abbe Emanuel Sieyes
“What is the Third Estate”
National Assembly / National Constituent Assembly
Tennis Court Oath
Poor grain harvest of 1788
July 14, 1789
Bastille
Marquis de Lafayette - National Guard
The Great Fear
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Paris Women’s march on Versailles
Constitutional Monarchy – July 1990
Olympe de Gouges - Declaration of the Rights of Women
Assignats
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Other words to know:
Cahiers de dolence
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Tricolor
Emigrees
Departments
Citizen ___
Metric System
LESSON #3 – THE REPUBLIC AND THE TERROR
Constitution of September 1791
Maximillian Robespierre (“the uncorruptable”)
Edmund Burke – Reflections on the Revolution in France 1790
Mary Wollstoncraft- Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)
King and Queen arrested and returned to Paris (Flight to Verennes)
Legislative Assembly
Jacobin Club
War against Austria
Tuilleries
National Convention
Second Revolution
The Republic
September Massacres
Girondists
The Mountain
George Danton
The Plain
Execution of Louis XVI – Jan 21, 1793
National Convention 1793
Guillotine
Sans-Culottes
Committee of Public Safety
Reign of Terror
“Terror is nothing but prompt, severe, inflexible justice… it is, therefore, and emanation of virtue”
Mobilization of French resources (Levee en Masse)
Thermodorian Reaction
The Directory
Napoleon Bonaparte
Other words to know
Paris Commune
Jean-Paul Marat
Charlotte Corday
The Constitution of Year One
Republic of Virtue
Deism (Temple of Reason / Cult of the Supreme Being)
Law of 22 Prairial
White Terror
Constitution of Year Three
Royalist Coup, 1795 (VendémiaireCoup)
“with a whiff of grapeshot, I dispersed the crowd”
1997 Elections and incumbent coup
Brumaire Coup, 1799
First Consul
Constitution of the Year VIII, 1799
LESSON #4 – NAPOLEON
Napoleon Bonaparte
Corsica
Artillery officer
First Consul for Life (later: First Consul for Life)
Plebiscite - 1799
Code Napoleon (Napoleonic Code) - 1804
Emigrees
Concordat [with Pope Pius VII] of 1801
Second Coalition, 1798
Lord Nelson (British) and the Battle of Trafalgar, 1804
Third Coalition, 1804
Battle of Austerlitz, 1805 (Battle of the Three Emperors)
Confederation of the Rhine, 1806
Battle of Jena, 1806
Fourth Coalition, 1806
Grand Empire
Continental System, 1807
The Third of May by Francisco Goya, 1808
Invasion of Russia, 1812
Grand Army
Exile to Elba
Louis XVIII
Napoleon’s Hundred Days
Battle of Waterloo
Exile to St. Helena
Other Words to know
Brumaire Coup
Louisiana Purchase, 1803
Emperor Napoleon
Josephine
Peninsular War, 1807 (“Spanish Ulcer”)
Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington
Grand Duchy of Warsaw
Princess Marie Louise, daughter of the Austrian Emperor
Destruction of Moscow, 1812
Battle of the Nations, 1814 (Battle of Leipzig)
UNIT #5 – THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
LESSON #1 – INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION in BRITAIN
Industrial Revolution
Textile industry
James Hargreaves – Spinning Jenny, 1765
Richard Arkwright – Water Frame
Edmund Cartwright – Power Loom
Influence of coal
Thomas Newcomen – Steam engine, 1705
James Watt – Steam Engine (improved), 1760s
Henry Cort - Puddling furnace
The puddlers
George Stevenson – THE ROCKET, 1830
Joseph Turner and Claude Monet
The Great Exhibition
Crystal Palace
Thomas Malthus – Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798
David Ricardo – Iron Law of Wages
Subsistence level
Economics: “The DISMAL SICENCE”
LESSON #2a – INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION in the REST OF EUROPE
Zollverein (Germans)
Economic nationalism
LESSON #2b – RELATIONS between CAPITAL and LABOR
Urbanization
William Blake - “satanic mills”
William Wordsworth
Luddites
Poorhouses
FACTORY ACT of 1833
Separate spheres (gender)
MINES ACT OF 1842
Combination Acts, 1799 (unions)
Robert Owen – New Harmony
Chartist movement
James Kay – Flying Shuttle
LESSON #3 – CONGRESS OF VIENNA
Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain
Quadruple Alliance
Congress of Vienna
Restoration of the Bourbon Dynasty
Peace of Paris, 1815
Balance of power
Prince Clemens von Metternich
Robert Castlereagh
Charles Tallyrand
Second Peace of Paris, 1815