Topics Covered on the Unit 7 Test

Topics Covered on the Unit 7 Test

Vocabulary

Nucleic acids

Nucleotide

Polymer

Replication

DNA helicase

DNA polymerase

Semiconservative

Complementary base pairing

Base-pairing rules

Transcription

Transcribe

mRNA

Codon

tRNA

Anticodon

RNA polymerase

Translation

Universal genetic code

Amino acid

Peptide bond

Polypeptide chain

Protein

Ribosomes

rRNA

Chromosome

Base sequence

Mutation

Mutagen

Chromosomal mutations (insertion/deletion/inversion/duplication)

Gene mutations (frameshift/ point – missense/nonsense/silent)

Cloning

Genetic engineering

Genetic resistance

Gene therapy

Biotechnology

Gene splicing

Genetically-engineered organisms

Central dogma

Be able to:

1. Given a template strand of DNA be able to replicate it using the base-pairing rules

2. Know where DNA replication occurs

3. Know what the roles DNA helicase and DNA polymerase enzymes are in replication.

4. Know why transcription must occur and where it occurs

5. Know how RNA is made through transcription from DNA

6. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA in terms of size, bases, # of strands

7. Explain why a cell only transcribes small sections or genes of DNA

8. Compare and contrast Transcription and Replication in terms of what the final product is,

If the entire molecule is copied or just specific genes, what enzymes are involved, where in cell it occurs

9. Translate the codon on an mRNA molecule to determine the amino acid called for

10. Determine the anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to mRNA

11. Explain the role of the ribosome in translation

12. Know that mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation in organisms

13. Know that mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication and meiosis and can also be

caused by environmental factors called mutagens (know the examples in your notes)

14. Identify a mutation as being a chromosomal mutation or a single gene mutation

15. Distinguish between insertion, deletion, translocation, duplication chromosome mutations

16. Distinguish between nonsense, silent, and missense mutations and their outcomes on gene

expression

17. Compare and contrast the benefits and costs of genetic engineering used in agriculture and medicine

18. Know the purpose of the Human Genome Project

19. Know how restriction enzymes are used in gene splicing for the purpose of genetic engineering

20. Know the purposes for using genetic screening

21. Know who “Dolly” is and what biotechnological process she was famously produced by