1. Identify and Describe the Factors in the Origins of the Scientific Revolution

Directions: You know how it goes… please complete either these questions or the associated graphic organizers.

1. Identify and describe the factors in the origins of the Scientific Revolution.

2. Briefly identify the major contributions of the following individuals.

Nicolaus Copernicus –

Tycho Brahe –

Johannes Kepler –

Galileo Galilei –

Isaac Newton –

Andreas Vesalius & William Harvey –

Margaret Cavendish –

René Descartes –

Francis Bacon –

Blaise Pascal –

Bernarde de Fontenelle –

Pierre Bayle –

Baron de Montesquieu –

Voltaire –

Denis Diderot –

Jean-Jacques Rousseau –

Adam Smith –

Mary Wollstonecraft –

3. What problems did the Scientific Revolution present for organized religion, and how did both the Church and emerging scientists attempt to solve these problems?

4. How were the ideas of the Scientific Revolution disseminated, and what impact did they have on society?

5. Describe the Rococo style of art and architecture.

6. Describe Neoclassicism; what were their objectives and motives?

7. How did the Enlightenment facilitate the development of music?

8. What led to the development of the novel? What were some of the effects on European society?

9. How did the Enlightenment affect the writing of history?

10. How did the punishment of criminals change from the early 18th century to the later 18th century?

11. Identify ad discuss (briefly) some of the popular culture developments of the 18th century. (Focus on the shift of popular culture from the rich to the poor, literacy rates, and primary education)

12. Who was John Wesley? What was his impact on Protestantism?

13. Who are commonly regarded as the three “enlightened” monarchs?

14. Analyze the extent to which Frederick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria, and Catherine the Great of Russia advanced and did not advance Enlightenment ideals during their reigns.

15. How did Louis XIV affect the rule of Louis XV in France? Describe French society (mainly the economy) on the eve of Louis XVI’s rule.

16. Discuss the events that led to the decline of the Dutch Republic.

17. What two institutions did the Prussian kings of the 18th century try to develop?

18. What was the General Directory of Prussia?

19. Who were the Junkers? How did their involvement in the government further the centralization of power around the Prussian monarchs?

20. Identify some of the beliefs and actions of Frederick the Great.

21. How successful was Joseph II in initiating reforms throughout Austria?

22. Why did Catherine the Great (often regarded as an enlightened monarch) find it expedient to retain much of the Russian old system (like serfdom)?

23. What was the Pragmatic Sanction issued by Charles VI of Austria? (For some reason, the AP Exam likes this topic)

24. What were the two sides established and the major events that took place during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748)? What is the name of the treaty that ends the war?

25. What were some of the causes and effects of the Seven Years War in Europe?

26. How did the composition and structure of European armies reflect the hierarchical structure of European society?

27. Why was there a decline in the death rate throughout the course of the 18th century?

28. Discuss the new attitude toward children that emerged during the 18th century? (This is a former DBQ question btw)

29. Why did men and women begin to marry later in the 18th century?

30. Discuss the four characteristics of 18th century agriculture.

31. What was the English Enclosure Movement? (Another big exam question)

32. What were some of the causes and consequence of the new “global economy?”

33. Discuss the characteristics of:

The Peasants –

The Nobility –

Inhabitants of Towns and Cities –