Crop-Wise Emerging Pest/Diseases Problems

Pest Surveillance

-Area scanned through Rapid Roving Surveys for pests/diseases monitoring to issue forewarnings for undertaking timely IPM measures.

Plan/Year / Area scanned
(lakh ha)
VI / 25.36
VII / 34.30
1990-91 / 7.60
1991-92 / 7.70
1992-93 / 9.33
1993-94 / 7.86
1994-95 / 5.56
1995-96 / 6.65
1996-97 / 5.77
1997-98 / 7.15
1998-99 / 8.30
1999-00 / 8.46
2000-01 / 8.59
2001-02 / 8.41
2002-03 / 8.72
2003-04 / 8.48
2004-05 / 8.99
2005-06 / 8.36
2006-07 / 7.73
2007-08 / 8.18
2008-09 / 7.89
2009-10 / 7.63
2010-11 / 7.71
2011-12 / 7.95
2012-13 / 8.33
Total / 241.01

Crop-wise emerging pest/diseases problems

Crop / State / Pest / Disease
Sugarcane / Maharashtra, Uttarakhand, U.P., Gujarat / Wooly aphids, White Fly
U.P., Uttarakhand, Assam / White grubs
Almost all the State / Termites
Cotton / M.P., Punjab, Maharashtra / Spodoptera litura, Mites
Haryana / Parawilt
Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, Maharashtra / Leaf curl virus, Mealy bug,
Rice / Punjab, Orissa / Grass hopper(GH), Swarming caterpillar, Nematodes / Root rot, Foot rot, Sheath blight
Chhattisgarh / Swarming caterpillar, Army worm, Green Semilooper
Maharashtra / Army worm, Greensemilooper / Sheath blight
Soyabean / MP., Chhattisgarh, U.P. (Bundelkhand), Rajasthan (Mewar) / Spodoptera litura, White fly (WF), Girdle beetle, red hairy caterpillar / Leaf spot
Fodder crop / Maharashtra / Army worm, GH,
Papaya / Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, / Mealy bug
Bihar / Viral disease
Groundnut / Kerala, Karnataka, Gujarat / White grubs / Collar rot
Maize / Sikkim, H.P. / Snails & Slugs, Army worm
Sunflower / Karnataka, Punjab, M.P., Haryana / H. armigera / Bud necrosis
Brinjal / All over India / Red spider mite, Fruit & Shoot borer / Little Leaf of brinjal
Cole crops / -do- / DBM, Spodoptera, Semilooper / Alternaria leaf blight
Mustard / Karnataka, H.P., Haryana, U.P., Punjab / Leaf miner, Aphids, Saw fly / Alternaria leaf blight
Pea / -do- / Leaf miner
Wheat / Punjab, Haryana, J&K, H.P. / Yellow rust, Termites, Root aphids / Ear cockel
Apple / J&K, H.P., / Pin- borer, Red mites
Coconut / Kerala, Karnataka,Orrisa / Coconut mites, Leaf spot, Black headed caterpillar,
Kerala / Rh. Beetle, Red Spider Mites / Root wilt, Leaf rot
Banana / Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, A&N, Gujarat / Carpa/ Ciga-Toka Disease
Pomgranate / Maharashtra / Anar butterfly / Oily spot
Summer Pulses(Moong) / Haryana, U.P., Punjab, M.P. / Thrips, Leaf eating Caterpillar, Spodoptera
Lentil / Bihar / Cuscuta spp.*
Spreading in cultivated fields and waste lands / Karnataka /

Ambrosia psiolostachya*

* Weed Pest

Bio-control Efforts

Parasites/Predators released in farmers’ fields for bio-control of crop insect pests

Plan/Year / No. (Millions)
VI / 266
VII / 3583
1990-91 / 1246
1991-92 / 1571
1992-93 / 1892
1993-94 / 1361
1994-95 / 1464
1995-96 / 1632
1996-97 / 1603
1997-98 / 1803
1998-99 / 2028
1999-00 / 2149
2000-01 / 2099
2001-02 / 2147
2002-03 / 2238
2003-04 / 2326
2004-05 / 2186
2005-06 / 2068
2006-07 / 1642
2007-08 / 1620
2008-09 / 1662
2009-10 / 1607
2010-11 / 1590
2011-12 / 1760
2012-13 / 1985
TOTAL / 45528

Farmers Field Schools (FFS)

Year-wise IPM Farmer’s Field School (FFSs) for demonstrations and trainings organized through CIPMCs

Year / FFSs (No.) / AEOs* Trained (No.) / Farmers Trained (No.)
1994-95 / 944 / 4335 / 28151
1995-96 / 1844 / 8615 / 57137
1996-97 / 1506 / 6501 / 40679
1997-98 / 694 / 3116 / 22421
1998-99 / 714 / 2581 / 23295
1999-00 / 520 / 1621 / 15600
2000-01 / 511 / 1690 / 15749
2001-02 / 520 / 1802 / 15990
2002-03 / 504 / 1807 / 15123
2003-04 / 652 / 2151 / 19815
2004-05 / 674 / 2847 / 20357
2005-06 / 621 / 2600 / 18397
2006-07 / 638 / 2764 / 19063
2007-08 / 698 / 3264 / 20940
2008-09 / 751 / 3632 / 22395
2009-10 / 750 / 3633 / 22136
2010-11 / 734 / 3595 / 22000
2011-12 / 716 / 1408 / 21480
2012-13 / 606 / 457 / 14370
G. Total / 14597 / 58419 / 435098

-* AEOs - Agriculture Extension Officers,

Orientation Training Programmes (OTPs)

Year / OTP Trainings
2 days / 5 days
T / A / T / A
2007-08 / 62 / 43 / 10 / 6
2008-09 / 104 / 79 / 10 / 9
2009-10 / 126 / 98 / 10 / 3
1020-11 / 145 / 132 / 10 / 8
1011-12 / 124 / 47 / 12 / 11

Season Long Training Programmes (SLTPs)

-State-wise Master Trainers Produced through Season Long Training Programme (SLTPs) since 1994-95 to 2011-12

-

Crop-wise number of SLTPs
Crop / Rice / Cotton / Veg. / Fruits / Ground- nut / Mustard / Pulses / Chillies / Soya- bean / Sugar- cane / Total
Number of SLTPs / 16 / 15 / 13 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 54
State-wise Master Trainers Produced
S. No. / State/UTs / Rice / Cotton / Veg. / Fruit / Ground- nut / Mustard / Pulses / Chillies / Soya- bean / Sugar- cane / Total
1 / Andaman & Nicobar
2 / Andhra Pradesh / 39 / 100 / 22 / 17 / 17 / 195
3 / Arunachal Pradesh / 2 / 2
4 / Assam / 25 / 3 / 28
5 / Bihar / 68 / 75 / 4 / 147
6 / Delhi / 1 / 1
7 / Goa / 2 / 2
8 / Gujarat / 3 / 5 / 8
9 / Haryana / 40 / 52 / 5 / 97
10 / Himachal P. / 2 / 2
11 / Jammu & Kashmir / 3 / 6 / 2 / 11
12 / Karnataka / 18 / 41 / 50 / 2 / 1 / 112
13 / Kerala / 3 / 3
14 / Madhya Pradesh / 9 / 4 / 4 / 1 / 14 / 40 / 72
15 / Maharashtra / 10 / 115 / 4 / 2 / 131
16 / Manipur / 2 / 2
17 / Meghalaya / 2 / 2
18 / Mizoram
19 / Nagaland / 8 / 2 / 10
20 / Orissa / 1 / 45 / 46
21 / Pondicherry / 2 / 1 / 3
22 / Punjab / 16 / 62 / 6 / 4 / 88
23 / Rajasthan / 26 / 40 / 10 / 63 / 139
24 / Sikkim / 1 / 1
25 / Tamil Nadu / 30 / 31 / 37 / 3 / 101
26 / Tripura / 1 / 2 / 3
27 / Uttar Pradesh / 99 / 1 / 179 / 28 / 4 / 80 / 391
28 / West Bengal / 133 / 21 / 154
29. / Jharkhand / 40 / 40
29 / CIPMCs / 32 / 39 / 67 / 2 / 12 / 10 / 5 / 167
30 / Others / 8 / 16 / 3 / 2 / 4 / 33
Total / 551 / 454 / 492 / 40 / 65 / 66 / 93 / 30 / 40 / 80 / 1991

Impact/Success stories of IPM

IMPACT OF IPM:

CROP / COST BENEFIT RATIO / NUMBER OF APPLICATION OF PESTICIDES / YIELD
(in Quintal/Ha) / Increase in Yield in %
IPM / Non IPM / IPM / Non IPM / IPM / Non IPM
Cotton / 1:2.7 / 1:2.0 / 3-5 / 13-16 / 3.21 (lint) / 3.0 (lint) / 7.0
Rice / 1:2.2 / 1:1.8 / 0-1 / 5-6 / 22.0 / 21.0 / 7.0
Soy bean / 1:2.5 / 1:1.8 / 1-2 / 3-5 / 12.6 / 12.0 / 5.0
Gram / 1:3.1 / 1:2.4 / 0-1 / 2-3 / 8.6 / 8.2 / 4.5
Vegetables / 1:3.2 / 1:2.1 / 2-3 / 6-8 / - / - / -
Wheat / 1:1.9 / 1:1.6 / 0-2 / 2-3 / 27.8 / 26.2 / 6.0
Potato / 1:2.3 / 1:2.1 / 1-2 / 3-5 / 199.8 / 185.0 / 8.0
Sugarcane / 1:2.3 / 1:1.8 / 2-3 / 6-7 / 795.0 / 750.0 / 6.0

PESTS HAVE BEEN CONTROLLED SUCCESSFULLY BY ADOPTING IPM:-

•Management of Pyrilla pepusilla by its parasitoid Epiricania melanoluca in sugarcane growing areas.

•Management of Cotton Mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) by its parasitoid Arenaceous bombaywala in North India

•Trichoderma sp. are being used as bio-control agent against many seed borne & soil borne plant pathogens. Trichoderma is one of the best known bio-control agent against pathogens like Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Phytophthora, Sclerotinia, Alternaria.

•Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses (Ha-NPV & S-NPV) were able to control pests like Helicoverpa armigera Spodoptera litura in Gram, Cotton, Tomato, Soybean crops.

•Egg parasitoid Trichogramma sp. successfully managed many Lepidopteran pests.

At national level, impact of IPM has been observed through the following indicators:-

1. Crop yield increased from 6.72 to 40.14% in rice and from 22.7 to 26.63% in cotton in IPM fields compared to non-IPM fields.
2. Chemical pesticide sprays was found to have reduced to the extent of 50 - 100% in rice and 29.96 – 50.5% in cotton.
3. Net gain in farm income of farmers was found to have increased in the IPM fields as compared to the farmers practices.
4. Use of biopesticides/neem based pesticides increased from 123 MT during 1994-95 to 8,110 MT during 2011-12, and that the consumption of chemical pesticide in the country has reduced from 75,033 MT (Tech. Grade) in 1990-91 to 50,583 MT (Technical Grade) in 2011-12.
5. Crop pests monitoring, conservation and mass multiplication of Biological Control Agents.
6. Organizing Farmers’ Field Schools for training of farmers & to create human resource in pest management and make them self-decisive in pest control.
7. Seed treatment taken up as a campaign to check pest menace and reduce subsequent pesticide use
8. Awareness campaigns were conducted to involve community to manage rodent pest menace.
9. Grants-in-aid was provided to States for settingup/strengthening bio-control labs.

• Bio-Control Labs

Numbers of Bio-control Laboratories in India:

Sl. No. / Type of Lab / Number of Labs
1. / CIPMCs / 25
2. / SBCL (Grant in aid) / 38
3. / ICAR / 49
4. / SBCL / 99
5. / Private / 141
Total / 352

State Bio-control Laboratories (SBCLs) in States/UTs established under Grants-in-Aid by Government of India during Xth & XIth Plan

S. No. / State/UTs / Location
1. / Andhra Pradesh / Nidadavola,
West Godavari
2. / A & N Islands / Haddo, A&N Admn.,
Port Blair
3. / Arunachal Pradesh / Naharlagun, Papumpore,
Itanagar
4. / Assam / 1. Dalgaon, Distt. Darrang
2. R.K. Mission Road, Ulubari, Guwahati–7.
5. / Bihar / Mithapur,
Patna
6. / Chhattisgarh / Raipur
7. / Goa / Farmers’ Training Centre,
Ela Farm, Old Goa
8. / Gujarat / 1. Gandhinagar
2. Navasari Agril. University, Navasari-396450
9. / Haryana / 1. Sirsa
2. Chandigarh
10. / Himachal Pradesh / 1. Holta, Palanpur, Distt. Kangra
2. Distt. Mandi,
11. / Jammu & Kashmir / Lal Mandi Campus,
Srinagar
12. / Jharkhand / Ranchi
13. / Karnataka / Kotnur “D”, Gulbarga-585102
14. / Kerala / 1. Mannuthy, Thrissur-680655
2. Thiruvananthapuram
15. / Lakshadweep / Andrott Islands
16. / Maharashtra / 1. Aurangabad
2. Nandurbar
17. / Madhya Pradesh / Barkheri Kalan, Bhadbhada,
Bhopal
18. / Meghalaya / P.O. Nonglyer, Upper Shillong-793009,
East Khasi Hill
19. / Mizoram / Neihbawih,
Siphir
20. / Manipur / Mantripukhri,
Imphal
21. / Nagaland / Metziphema,
Kohima
22. / Orissa / Baramunda,
Post Delta Colony, Bhubaneshwar-751003
23. / Pondicherry / KVK Kurumbapett-9
24. / Punjab / Mansa
25. / Rajasthan / Durgapura, Tonk Road,
Jaipur
26. / Sikkim / Tadong,
Gangtok
27. / Tamil Nadu / Vinayapuram, Melur Taluk,
Madurai
28. / Tripura / Dutta Tilla, Badharghat, P.O. Arundhuti Nagar,
TripuraWest-799003
29. / Uttar Pradesh / Moradabad
30. / Uttarakhand / 1. Haldwani
2. Dhakrani, Dehradun
31. / West Bengal / 230A, Neta ji Subhash Chandra Road,
Kolkata-700040
Total No. of SBCLs / 38

Do’s & Don’t for safe use of chemical pesticides

DO’S AND DON’TS IN SAFE USE OF PESTICIDES BY THE FARMERS

WHILE PURCHASING

Do’s / Don’ts
Purchase pesticides/bio-pesticides only from registered pesticide dealers having valid License.
Purchase only just required quantity of pesticides for single operation in a specified area.
See approved labels on the containers/packets of pesticides.
See Batch No., Registration Number, Date of Manufacture/Expiry on the labels.
Purchase pesticides well packed in containers. / Do not purchase pesticides from foot path dealers or from un-licensed person.
Do not purchase pesticide in bulk for whole season.
Do not purchase pesticides without approved label on the containers.
Never purchase expired pesticide.
Do not purchase pesticides whose containers are leaking/loose/ unsealed.

DURING STORAGE

Do’s / Don’ts

WHILE HANDLING

Do’s / Don’ts
Keep pesticides separate during transportation.
Bulk pesticides should be carried tactfully to the site of application. / Never carry/transport pesticides along with food/fodder/other eatable articles.
Never carry bulk pesticides on head, shoulder or on the back.

WHILE PREPARING SPRAY SOLUTION

Do’s / Don’ts
Always use clean water.
Use protective clothings viz., hand gloves, face masks, cap, apron, full trouser, etc. to cover whole body.
Always protect your nose, eyes, ears, hands, etc. from spill of spray solution.
Read instructions on pesticide container label carefully before use.
Prepare the solution as per requirement.
Granular pesticides should be used as such.
Avoid spilling of pesticides solutions while filling the spray tank.
Always use recommended dosage of pesticide.
No activities should be carried out which may affect your health. / Do not use muddy or stagnant water.
Never prepare spray solution without wearing protective clothings.
Do not allow the pesticide/its solution to fall on any body parts.
Never avoid reading instructions on container’s label for use.
Never use left out spray solution after 24 hours of its preparation.
Do not mix granules with water.
Do not smell the spray tank.
Do not use overdose which may affect plant health and environment.
Do not eat, drink, smoke or chew during whole operation of pesticides.

SELECTION OF EQUIPMENTS

Do’s / Don’ts
Select right kind of equipments.
Select right sized nozzles.
Use separate sprayer for insecticides and weedicides. / Do not use leaky or defective equipments.
Do not use defective/non-recommended nozzles. Do not blow/clean clogged nozzles with mouth. Instead use tooth brush tied with sprayer.
Never use same sprayer for both weedicides and insecticides.

WHILE APPLYING SPRAY SOLUTIONS

Do’s / Don’ts
Apply only recommended dose and dilution.
Spray operation should be conducted on cool and calm day.
Spray operation should be conducted on sunny day in general.
Use recommended sprayer for each spray.
Spray operation should be conducted in the wind direction.
After spray operation, sprayer and buckets should be washed with clean water using detergent/soap.
Avoid the entry of animals/workers in the field immediately after spray. / Never apply over-dose and high concentrations than recommended.
Do not spray on hot sunny day or strong windy conditions.
Do not spray just before rains and immediately after the rains.
Emulsifiable concentrate formulations should not be used for spraying with battery operated ULV sprayer.
Do not spray against wind direction.
Containers and buckets used for mixing pesticides should never be used for domestic purpose even after thorough washing.
Never enter in the treated field immediate after spray without bearing protective clothings.

AFTER SPRAY OPERATION

Do’s / Don’ts
Left over spray solutions should be disposed off at safer place viz. barren isolated area.
The used/empty containers should be crushed with stone/stick and buried deep in soil away from water sources.
Wash hands and face with clean water and soap before eating/smoking.
On observing poisoning symptoms give the first aid and show the patient to doctor. Also show the empty container to doctor. / Left over spray solution should not be drained in or near ponds or water lines etc.
Empty containers of pesticides should not be re-used for storing other articles.
Never eat/smoke before washing clothes and taking bath.
Do not take the risk by not showing the poisoning symptoms to doctor as it may endanger the life of the patient.