Types of Government Systems:
- Oligarchic- government system controlled by a small group of people
- Autocratic- a government system ruled by an absolute ruler or dictator
- Democratic- a government system by which political control is shared by the people
Ways government systems distribute power:
1.Unitary Government- A government system in which the national government alone has sovereign authority.
2.Confederation- is an association of sovereign member states, that by treaty have delegated certain of their competences to common institutions, in order to coordinate their policies in a number of areas, without constituting a new state on top of the member states.
3.Federal- is a system in which the power to govern is shared between national and central (state) governments
Prominent forms of democratic governments:
1. Parliamentary- A parliamentary system is a system of government in which the ministers of the executive branch are drawn from the legislature and are accountable to that body, such that the executive and legislative branches are intertwined. In such a system, the head of government is both de facto chief executive and chief legislator.
Parliamentary systems are characterized by no clear-cut separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches, leading to a different set of checks and balances compared to those found in presidential systems. Parliamentary systems usually have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government being the prime minister or premier, and the head of state often being a figurehead, often either a president (elected either popularly or by the parliament) or a hereditary monarch (often in a constitutional monarchy).
2. Presidential- A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.[1]
It owes its origins to the medievalmonarchies of France, England and Scotland in which executive authority was vested in the Crown,[citation needed] not in meetings of the estates of the realm (i.e., parliament): the Estates-General of France, the Parliament of England or the Estates of Scotland. The concept of separate spheres of influence of the executive and legislature is specified in the Constitution of the United States, with the creation of the office of President of the United States elected separately from Congress.
Although not exclusive to republics, and applied in the case of semi-constitutional monarchies where a monarch exercises power (both as head of state and chief of the executive branch of government) alongside a legislature, the term is often associated with republican systems in the Americas.
Compare the parliamentary democracy of the State of Israel to the monarchy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the theocracy of the Islamic Republic of Iran:
Israel- has a parliamentary democracy with a unicameral (one-house) legislature called the Knesset (120 seats represented on a proportion of the population elected to four-year terms). President is largely ceremonial positions and is elected by the Knesset to seven year term. Prime Minister is elected or forms a coalition after parliamentary elections and is the Head of State of Israel and also a member of parliament.