BASIC CHEMISTRY – Part 1 / Name:
Date: Pd:

PART 1: NOTES ON MATTER: ELEMENTS

Fill in the blanks from the information provided on the presentation.

  Three PropUUUerties of MUUUatter:

1.  has mUUUass

2.  takes up spaUUUce

3.  shows inertUUUia
(forcUUUe needed to chUUUange mUUUotion)

  Four statUUUes of matter:

1.  SolUUUUid

2.  LiqUUuiUd

3.  GaUUUUUs

4.  PlaUUUsma

  Matter can chanUUUge in two ways:

1.  PhysicUUUal – a change in the appeUUUarance or staUUUte of matter

2.  ChemUUical – a change in the chemi___cal make___-up of matter

Examples: Write “P” for physical and “C” for chemical in the spaces below.

_P_ Melting Ice
_C_ Burning Wood
_C_ Rusting Iron
_C_ Animal Decaying / _P_ Water Freezing
_C_ Rotting Wood
_C_ Souring Milk
_C_ Enzymes Digesting Food / _P_ Water Evaporating
_P_ Making Glass from Sand
_P_ Water Boiling
_P_ Salt Dissolving in Water

  Compos___ition of matter:

1.  Ele___ments

2.  Co___mpounds

3.  Mixt___ures

  An elem___ent is a ba___sic subst___ance of matter and c___annot be broken down by ___chemical means.

  There are about 9___0 natur____lly occurring elements. 1___17 have been di___scovered.

  Elements are represented by chemical sym____bols (let___ters) shown in the Per___i_odic Ta___ble o___f the El____ements.

  Some common elements found in living things are:

Name / Symbol / Name / Symbol
Hydrogen / H / Phosphorus / P
Oxygen / O / Potassium / K
Carbon / C / Sulfur / S
Sodium / Na / Calcium / Ca
Chlorine / Cl / Iron / Fe
Nitrogen / N / Magnesium / Mg

PART 2: NOTES ON MATTER: ATOMS

·  The small___lest u___nit of an element is an a___tom.

·  Atoms are the buildi___ng b___locks of m___atter.

Directions: Label the following diagram using these terms:
Atom, Electron, Neutron, Proton, Nucleus

The entire structure below is a(n) ______.

Particle / Charge / Mass / Function / Symbol / Location
Electron / + / 1 / Add mass / p+ / Nucleus
Proton / 0 / 1 / Add mass / N / Nucleus
Neutron / - / 0 / Bonding / e- / Electron Cloud

  Electrons orbit atoms in lev___els called s___hells.

  Atoms like to have their shells fil___led.

  ___K or 1st Shell – closest to the nucleus holding up to 2 electrons

  ___L or 2nd Shell – can hold up to a maximum of 8 electrons

  ___M or 3rd shell – can hold up to a maximum of 18 electrons

  The number of protons (atom___ic nu___mber) in an atom will determine its elemental properties.

  The periodic table of the elements shows known elements ___by t___heir atomic number.

  In atoms, the number of prot___ons equals the number of el___ectrons giving the atom an overall ne____utral charge.

  The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom is the ato___mic m___ass num___ber.

BASIC CHEMISTRY – Part 1 (page 2) / Name:
Date: Pd:

PART 3: USING THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Use the periodic table provided to answer the following questions.

Using the diagram of an oxygen atom on the right, complete the following:
1.  Label the number of protons and neutrons.
2.  Draw the correct number of electrons on each shell.
3.  Complete the blanks below: /
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Number of protons
Number of electrons
Number of Neutrons / = 8___
= 16___
= 8___
= 8___
= 8___
Element / Atomic Number / Mass Number / # of protons / # of electrons / # of neutrons
Calcium / 20 / 40
Silver / 47 / 61
Gold / 197 / 79
Uranium / 92 / 146

PART 4: QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

1.  Does changing the number of electrons change the atomic number?
No. The atomic number is independent of the number of electrons.

2.  Does a change in the atomic number change what the element is?
Yes.

3.  What is the overall charge of an atom with 11 protons and 10 electrons? +1

a.  Does this atom have a neutral charge? No.

b.  What element is this atom? Chlorine

c.  Atoms with charges are called ions. Ions are very important in biological systems. Why do you think this is?
Because of their charges, Ions are able to bond and react with other atoms and molecules. This enables chemical reactions to take place, which are important in living systems.

BASIC CHEMISTRY – Part 1 / Name: Answer Key
Date: Pd:

PART 1: NOTES ON MATTER: ELEMENTS

Fill in the blanks from the information provided on the presentation.

  Three Properties of Matter:

1.  has mass

2.  takes up space

3.  shows inertia
(force needed to change motion)

  Four states of matter:

1.  Solid

2.  Liquid

3.  Gas

4.  Plasma

  Matter can change in two ways:

1.  Physical – a change in the appearance or state of matter

2.  Chemical – a change in the chemical make-up of matter

Examples: Write “P” for physical and “C” for chemical in the spaces below.

_P_ Melting Ice
_C_ Burning Wood
_C_ Rusting Iron
_C_ Animal Decaying / _P_ Water Freezing
_C_ Rotting Wood
_C_ Souring Milk
_C_ Enzymes Digesting Food / _P_ Water Evaporating
_P_ Making Glass from Sand
_P_ Water Boiling
_P_ Salt Dissolving in Water

  Composition of matter:

1.  Elements

2.  Compounds

3.  Mixtures

  An element is a basic substance of matter and cannot be broken down by chemical means.

  There are about 90 naturally occurring elements. 117 have been discovered.

  Elements are represented by chemical symbols (letters) shown in the Periodic Table of the Elements.

  Some common elements found in living things are:

Name / Symbol / Name / Symbol
Hydrogen / H / Phosphorus / P
Oxygen / O / Potassium / K
Carbon / C / Sulfur / S
Sodium / Na / Calcium / Ca
Chlorine / Cl / Iron / Fe
Nitrogen / N / Magnesium / Mg

PART 2: NOTES ON MATTER: ATOMS

·  The smallest unit of an element is an atom.

·  Atoms are the building blocks of matter.

Directions: Label the following diagram using these terms:
Atom, Electron, Neutron, Proton, Nucleus


The entire structure below is a(n) ______.

Particle / Charge / Mass / Function / Symbol / Location
Electron / + / 1 / Add mass / p+ / Nucleus
Proton / 0 / 1 / Add mass / N / Nucleus
Neutron / - / 0 / Bonding / e- / Electron Cloud

  Electrons orbit atoms in levels called shells.

  Atoms like to have their shells filled.

  K or 1st Shell – closest to the nucleus holding up to 2 electrons

  L or 2nd Shell – can hold up to a maximum of 8 electrons

  M or 3rd shell – can hold up to a maximum of 18 electrons

  The number of protons (atomic number) in an atom will determine its elemental properties.

  The periodic table of the elements shows known elements by their atomic number.

  In atoms, the number of protons equals the number of electrons giving the atom an overall neutral charge.

  The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom is the atomic mass number.

BASIC CHEMISTRY – Part 1 (page 2) / Name: Answer Key
Date: Pd:

PART 3: USING THE PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Use the periodic table provided to answer the following questions.

Using the diagram of an oxygen atom on the right, complete the following:
4.  Label the number of protons and neutrons.
5.  Draw the correct number of electrons on each shell.
6.  Complete the blanks below: /
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Number of protons
Number of electrons
Number of Neutrons / = 8
= 16
= 8
= 8
= 8
Element / Atomic Number / Mass Number / # of protons / # of electrons / # of neutrons
Calcium / 20 / 40 / 20 / 20 / 20
Silver / 47 / 108 / 47 / 47 / 61
Gold / 79 / 197 / 79 / 79 / 118
Uranium / 92 / 238 / 92 / 92 / 146

PART 4: QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:

4.  Does changing the number of electrons change the atomic number?
No. The atomic number is independent of the number of electrons.

5.  Does a change in the atomic number change what the element is?
Yes.

6.  What is the overall charge of an atom with 11 protons and 10 electrons? +1

a.  Does this atom have a neutral charge? No.

b.  What element is this atom? Chlorine

c.  Atoms with charges are called ions. Ions are very important in biological systems. Why do you think this is?
Because of their charges, Ions are able to bond and react with other atoms and molecules. This enables chemical reactions to take place, which are important in living systems.