CHAPTER 16 Sixteenth-Century Painting in the Northern Europe
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Adagia was written by
a. Martin Luther.
b. Bosch.
c. van Mander.
d. Erasmus.
Answer: d
2. Kramer and Sprenger were the authors of
a. “Sermon on Indulgences”
b. “The Garden of Earthly Delights”
c. The Witches’ Hammer
d. The Praise of Folly
Answer: c
3. In Bosch’s the Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, the dogs with bared teeth with one dog gazing at a large bone represent
a. superbia.
b. gluttony.
c. anger.
d. envy.
Answer: d
4. Which of the following correctly matches an individual with the correct region, city, or country?
a. Erasmus – Amsterdam
b. Luther – Germany
c. Bosch – Belgium
d. Dürer – Dresden
Answer: b
5. Printmaking refers to
a. woodcuts, engravings, and editions.
b. woodcuts, drawings, and painting.
c. engravings, editions, and painting.
d. woodcuts, intaglio, and drawings.
Answer: a
6. ______created the woodcut of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.
a. Dürer
b. Cranach the Elder
c. Holbein
d. Vermeer
Answer: a
7. Which of the following artists was most famous for his woodcuts?
a. Grünewald
b. Bruegel
c. Holbein
d. Dürer
Answer: d
8. The textual source of Dürer’s Four Horsemen is
a. the Metamorphoses.
b. the Moriae encomium.
c. the book of Revelation.
d. the Ship of Fools.
Answer: c
9. Melancholia I is Dürer’s engraved image of
a. Martin Luther.
b. peasants viewing the fall of Icarus.
c. an idle creator looking for inspiration.
d. None of these answers is correct.
Answer: c
10. The closest northern equivalent of Vasari in the 16th century was
a. Erasmus.
b. van Mander.
c. Luther.
d. Sprenger and Kramer.
e. Tetzel.
Answer: b
11. Which of the following correctly matches artist with work?
a. Bosch – Netherlandish Proverbs
b. Bruegel – the Table Top of the Seven Deadly Sins
c. Holbein the Younger – Henry VIII
d. Dürer –Peasant Dance
e. Cranach – Melencolia I
Answer: c
12. Which of the following specialized in portraiture?
a. Grünewald
b. Hans Holbein
c. Albrecht Dürer
d. Pieter Bruegel
Answer: b
13. Grünewald’s Crucifixion has two saints in the side panels. They are
a. Sebastian and John the Evangelist.
b. Anthony and Mary Magdalene.
c. John the Baptist and John the Evangelist.
d. Anthony and Sebastian.
e. Sebastian and Jerome.
Answer: d
14. Grünewald’s Isenheim Altarpiece shows
a. musical angels.
b. various depictions of martyrdom.
c. profound religious emotion.
d. All these answers are correct.
Answer: d
15. The Isenheim Altarpiece is a
a. diptych.
b. panel.
c. polyptych.
d. triptych.
Answer: c
16. Cranach’s Judgment of Paris is set in
a. Saxony.
b. Troy.
c. Mycenae.
d. Italy.
e. France.
Answer: a
17. “P.M.” in Erasmus’s satire on Julius II refers to
a. Prime Minister.
b. Pontifex Maximus.
c. Saint Peter.
d. the Prime Mover.
Answer: b
18. Het Schilderboeck is the title of a(an)
a. painting.
b. book.
c. etching.
d. poem.
e. sculpture.
Answer: b
19. ______was one of the first painters to show people working in the countryside.
a. Bellini
b. Grünewald
c. Pieter Bruegel
d. Holbein
Answer: c
20. ______is/are thought to have visited Italy.
a. Pieter Bruegel
b. Hans Holbein
c. Albrecht Dürer
d. Both Pieter Bruegel and Albrecht Dürer
Answer: d
21. Peasant Dance must have been done in Northern Europe because of
a. the evident happiness.
b. the hidden symbolism.
c. the fact that there are peasants.
d. the energy.
Answer: b
22. In the myth of Icarus, who made the wings?
a. Icarus
b. Zeus
c. Breugel
d. Daedalos
e. the plowman
Answer: d
23. Which is the best match?
a. hubris – folly
b. alchemy – melancholy
c. etching – painting
d. proverbs – myths
Answer: a
24. In which work is there a “Pool of Lust”?
a. Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
b. The Alchemist
c. The Judgment of Paris
d. Garden of Earthly Delights
e. Netherlandish Proverbs
Answer: d
25. What carries the inscription “Melencolia I” in Dürer’s engraving?
a. a mouse
b. an angel
c. a dog
d. a toad
e. a bat
Answer: e
26. The word “melancholy” is derived from which two Greek words?
a. choleros meaning “anger” and bilas meaning “bile”
b. melas meaning “black” and ira meaning “anger”
c. chola meaning “depression” and melas meaning “bile”
d. cholos meaning “bile” and melas meaning “black”
Answer: d
27. Holbein was born in
a. England.
b. Antwerp.
c. Augsberg.
d. Nüremburg.
e. Rotterdam.
Answer: c
28. Holbein obtained a letter of introduction to Sir Thomas More from
a.Martin Luther.
b.Henry VIII.
c.Albrecht Dürer.
d.Erasmus.
Answer: d
29. Holbein’s Erasmus rests his hands on a book,
a. the Bible.
b. the Moriae encomium.
c. the Adagia.
d. the Metamorphoses
e. “The Labors of Herakles”
Answer: e
30. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper or other material against an image-bearing surface called the
a. stage.
b. burin.
c. print matrix.
d. plate.
e. multiple.
Answer: c
Key Works
Attributed to Hieronymus Bosch, Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, painted tabletop, poss. c. 1475, or as late as 1505–1515
Attributed to Hieronymus Bosch, Superbia, detail of The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, painted tabletop
Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights triptych: Garden of Eden, World before the Flood, Hell, c. 1510–1515
Hieronymus Bosch, couple in a transparent globe, detail from Garden of Earthly Delights
Hieronymus Bosch, monster with an egglike body, detail from Garden of Earthly Delights
Hieronymus Bosch, The Cure for Folly, c. 1490s–1516
Caterina van Hemessen, Self-Portrait, 1548
Quinten Massys, Money-Changer and His Wife, 1514
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, c. 1554–1555
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Peasant Dance, c. 1567
Albrecht Dürer, Self-Portrait, 1498
Albrecht Dürer, Self-Portrait, 1500
Albrecht Dürer, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, c. 1497–1498
Albrecht Dürer, Melencolia I, 1514
Matthias Grünewald, Crucifixion with Saint Sebastian and Saint Anthony, and Lamentation, the Isenheim Altarpiece (closed), c. 1510–1515
Matthias Grünewald, Annunciation, Virgin and Child with Angels, and Resurrection, the Isenheim Altarpiece (opened), c. 1510–1515
Nicholas von Hagenau, central corpus and base of the Isenheim Altarpiece, early 16th century
Lucas Cranach the Elder, Judgment of Paris, 1530
Three Graces, from Pompeii, 1st century A.D.
Lucas Cranach the Elder, Crucifixion, 1503
Lucas Cranach the Elder, Martin Luther, 1533
Hans Holbein the Younger, Erasmus of Rotterdam, c. 1523
Hans Holbein the Younger, Henry VIII, c. 1540
Maps, Diagrams, and Projections
Map of northern and central Europe in the Renaissance
Key Terms
burin
edition
engraving
genre
intaglio
plate
print matrix
woodcut