Answers

  1. Structures of heart and related blood vessels all labelled.

Valve / Open / Closed
1 / Atriums contracting / Ventricles contracting
2 / Ventricles contracting / Atriums contracting
3 / Atriums contracting / Ventricles contracting
4 / Ventricles contracting / Atriums contracting
  1. (a)(i) Region around coronary arteries below clot is shaded;
    (shading does not take in areas served by other blood vessels)1

(b)(i)Risk increases 3 times;
Evidence of correct working (e.g. 7.5/2.5);2

(ii)Increasing cholesterol levels carries greater risk;
Starting smoking increases risk from 2.5% to 3% ;
Increasing cholesterol levels from 5 to 7 increases risk from 2.5% to 5% ;3

3.(a)Pressure reaches highest value / greatest range of pressure in ventricle /
description of sequence of changes;

(b)(i)Pressure in ventricle / B is higher than pressure in atrium / A;1

(ii)0.2s;
Time when pressure in ventricle / B is higher than pressure in aorta / C;2

(c)(i)Higher;1

(ii)Thicker muscle in (wall of) left ventricle;1

4.(a)(i)because there are big differences;
any correct named example e.g. lung cancer/bronchitis much lower
in women than in men;2

(ii)easier to compare if sample size effectively the same;
different numbers of people in each group;2

(b)ANY TWO: more stress / more saturated fats in diet / less time to
exercise / reliance on cars;2

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(2)

5.(b)(i) average number of admissions on ordinary day;
when no football match being played;
similar time of year / conditions;max 2

(ii)large / significant difference for three days;
then small difference;2

(c)increases heart rate;
raises blood pressure / causes hypertension;
blood supply to heart / oxygen use by heart increased;
atheroma restricts blood / oxygen supply to heart muscle;max 2

(d)reduces heart rate;
beta-blocker fits receptor sites;
on walls of heart / blood vessel;
(receptor sites for) adrenaline / moradrenaline / stops adrenaline /
noradrenaline binding;max 3

[15]

6.(a)(i)C and D;1

(ii)left ventricle with thicker wall/more muscle / (muscle in) left ventricle
contracts more forcefully/beats more strongly;1

(b)higher in atria/lower in ventricles;
atrioventricular valves/valves between atria and ventricles open;2

(position of valves must be identified. Do not accept anunqualified reference to valves. Assume pronouns refertoatria.)

(c)(i)allows blood to pass into ventricles/from atria/so that atria can empty;
before ventricles contract;2

(ii)ventricle contracts from base /upwards;
blood pushed through B and C/arteries/all blood ejected;2

[8]

7.(a)(i)all parts labelled

(ii)(valves close) due to high blood pressure / when ventricles contract;

Y prevent valve from being inverted / restricts/stops valve movement; 2

(allow AV valve, disqualify tricuspid)

(b)(i)B;

(ii)correct method1

correct answer2

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