Name______Date ______

CP Biology

Chapter 18 : CLASSIFICATION

INDEPENDENT ASSIGNMENT

Due Date:______

(late penalty = one letter grade each day)

The following assignments will help you become acquainted with the main concepts of Chapter 18. THIS IS AN INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT!

Your grade for this chapter will include 100 points:

  • 50 points for the assignments listed below
  • 50 point quiz (after reviewing the material)
  1. Read Chapter 18 (pages 509 – 528). I suggest you read it in small sections, not all at one time!
  2. Complete attached worksheets:
  3. Chapter 18 Concept Review (25 points)
  4. The Kingdoms & Their Characteristics (10 points)
  5. 3 worksheets (15 points):

Classification Categories,Vocabulary Review, Cladogram

Note: We will not be spending much time on this material in class. You will be given a review sheet before the quiz!

CHAPTER 18 CONCEPT REVIEW

TYPE your answers to the following questions in complete sentences. (Attach it to this packet.)

SECTION 18.1 – Finding Order in Diversity

  1. Binomial nomenclature is the system that is used to name organisms. Who is the scientist responsible for this naming system? What language is used and why?
  2. Define Systematics. What is a taxon (or plural – taxa)?
  3. What are the goals of binomial nomenclature and systematics?
  4. What is a dichotomous key and how is it used?
  5. What is the modern definition of “species”?
  6. List the 7 hierarchial taxa (from most general to specific) used to group organisms.

SECTION 18.2 – Modern Evolutionary Classification

  1. What is “Phylogeny”? What is the goal of phylogenetic systematics?
  2. Define “clade”. What is a cladogram?
  3. What is a derived character? How can they be used to determine how closely 2 species are related?
  4. Describe how DNA sequences are used in classification. What other kinds of information can be used by scientists to determine relationships between groups of organisms?

SECTION 18.3 – Building the Tree of Life

  1. What are the 6 Kingdoms of Life?
  2. What is a “domain”? Name the 3 domains, and list the Kingdoms within them.
  1. Thinking Question: (THIS IS NOT IN YOUR BOOK!)

Explain how classificationevolution are unifying themes of biology.

The Kingdoms & Their Characteristics

A. Complete the chart below indicating the characteristics for each kingdom.

(You may use the term “some” in the box if it’s not true for the entire Kingdom.)

B. Place the organisms from the box below in the correct kingdom.

(You may actually have to look some of these up!)

DOMAIN
KINGDOM / Archaebacteria / Eubacteria / Protista / Fungi / Plantae / Animalia
Cell Type
(prokaryotic or eukaryotic)
Number of Cells
(unicellular, colonial, multicellular)
Cell Wall
(present or absent)
If present, indicate it’s composition:
cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan
Mode of Nutrition
(autotrophic and/or heterotrophic)
Specimen

amoeba, sponges, streptococcus, insects, ferns, moss, methanogens, mushroom, yeast, mold, paramecium, cactus, reptiles, halophiles, cyanobacteria, euglena, worms, diatoms, mammals, Escherichia coli, fish

* For up to 5 points Extra Credit:

Make a Colorful Concept Map on a small/medium size poster board of the 6 Kingdoms. Include all of their characteristics and color photographs of several organisms within each kingdom. (I will show you an example in class.)

Classification Categories

2. Which are more similar:

a. members of an order or members of a family?

______

b. members of an order or members of a phylum?

______

3. Which group has more members:

a. a phylum or a family?______

b. a genus or a family? ______

4. Which grouphas fewer members:

a. a family or a genus?______

b. an order or a phylum? ______

5. a. Which group has the most members? ______

b. Which group has the fewest members? ______

Study the table showing the classification of 4 organisms.

Answer the question in the spaces provided.

TABLE 1: Classification of Organisms

Dandelion / Dog / Wolf / Human
Kingdom / Plantae / Animalia / Animalia / Animalia
Phylum / Tracheophyta / Chordata / Chordata / Chordata
Class / Angiospermae / Mammalia / Mammalia / Mammalia
Order / Asterales / Carnivora / Carnivora / Primates
Family / Compositae / Canidae / Canidae / Hominidae
Genus / Taraxacum / Canis / Canis / Homo
Species / officinale / familiaris / lupus / sapiens

6. How many groups do wolves and humans share? ______

7. How many groups do wolves and dogs share? ______

8. a. Which two organisms are the most similar? ______

b. How do you know? ______

9. a. Which organism is least like the other 3? ______

b. How do you know? ______

Name Class Date

Cladograms

For Questions 1–3, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.

1.A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms is called a(n) .

2. The place where the ancestral lineage splits on a cladogram is called a fork, or a(n) .

3.Characteristics shared by members of a clade and only by members of that clade are called .

4.Examine the cladogram below:

  • Shade in the two organisms that belong to a clade that does not include the third organism. Cross-hatch the organism that does not belong to the clade.
  • Circle the point on the cladogram that shows the most recent common ancestor of the crab and the barnacle.
  • Mark an X on the point on the cladogram that shows the most recent common ancestor of mollusks and crustaceans.
  • Underline the characteristic that all three organisms have in common.

DNA in Classification

5. Why can genes be considered derived characters?

Use the figure below to answer Questions 6–8.

6. According to the figure, which species is most closely related to red pandas?

7. Although giant pandas and raccoons share some distinct anatomical similarities, they are in different clades. What type of evidence do you think was used to construct this diagram?

8. Biologists had previously classified giant pandas together with raccoons and red pandas.

What did DNA analysis reveal about giant pandas and bears?

Name Class Date

Chapter Vocabulary Review

Match the term with its definition.

Term

1.phylogeny

2.Bacteria

3. order

4.phylum

5.clade

6.class

7.Eukarya

8.domain


Definition

A.The domain containing all organisms that have anucleus

B.The domain containing organisms that are prokaryotic and unicellular

C.A group of classes

D.A group of orders

E.A group of families

F. A group of species that includes a single commonancestor and all descendents of that ancestor

G.A larger, more inclusive category than a kingdom

H.The study of how living and extinct organisms are related to one another