Rome:
From Republic to Empire
v Location of Rome
v ______Peninsula (______ today)
v ______located on the ______ Sea
v Distant from ______ Mediterranean Powers
v ______and Mediterranean ______
v Protected Rome from invasion
Trade
v Rome prospered due to ______ on the Mediterranean Sea
Copy Cats!
v The Romans based their religion on ______
v They were also polytheistic
v Many of the gods/goddesses were the same, but the Romans ______ their names
v The ______explained human qualities and life events
Roman Gods
v Based on ______ Gods
v Jupiter (Zeus): ______ god
v Juno (Hera): Goddess of ______ of Zeus
v Apollo: God of ______, the ______and ______
v Diana (Artemis): Goddess of ______and ______ things
v Venus (Aphrodite): Goddess of ______
v Minerva (Athena): Goddess of ______and ______
Roman Republic
v ______: rule by the ______ (re=by, public=people)
v ______: legislators (representatives) are ______by the citizens to ______ their interests
Roman Citizens (3)
v Paid ______
v ______had the right to ______
v Men had to serve in the ______
Patricians
v Land-owners of noble ______ birth
v “Patricia is a rich snob”
Plebeians
v ______of Romans: ______ people
v ______, shopkeepers, and small farmers
Slaves
v The ______of their owners
v Were taken by ______
v Had no ______or ______
The Assemblies
v More ______, but less powerful than a senate
v ______Assembly: consisted of all citizen-______; controlled by ______
v Tribal Assembly: elected ______and made laws for the ______ and later for the whole republic.
The Senate
v The most ______ lawmaking body in Rome
v 300 members were chosen (for life) from the ______ class
v Later ______ were allowed to join
Consuls
v ______ officials elected to command the ______and ______ the government
v Served for a ______year term.
v One consul could always ______ (overrule) the other’s decisions.
Dictator
v One whose word was law
v In a times of ______, a dictator would be given ______ power to command the army and make laws
v A dictator’s power lasted for only ______ months
Twelve Tables
v Laws carved on tablets and hung in the forum
v Gave ______ citizens a right to the protection of the ______.
v Established ideas seen in ______ laws such as the principle of ______ until proven ______.
Punic Wars
v 264 to ______BC
v 3 wars fought between ______and ______
v ______: General of Carthage
Carthage
v Trading empire located in North ______(present-day ______)
v ______of Rome for control of ______on the Mediterranean
The First Punic War
v Fought over ______for 23 years
v ______ lost
v This was Rome’s first ______
Second Punic War
v ______was led by ______ a brilliant general.
v He used 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants.
v To ______ Rome he went through the Alps
v For 10 years he ______ northern Italy
v Finally a Roman general name ______ defeated Hannibal.
The Third Punic War
v By this time, Carthage was ______ a threat.
v ______a influential ______ reminded them of the terror Hannibal laid on Italy.
v Romans ______ Carthage and sold all of Carthaginians into ______
Results of the Punic Wars
v Hannibal was ______ when Rome attacked Carthage
v Rome ______ Carthage
v Increased ______brought great ______ to Rome
Growth of Rome
v Following the Punic wars, Rome ______ rapidly, taking control of the ______basin (including ______ and the Hellenistic world of the ______Mediterranean, North ______, and ______).
Spread of Slavery
v Romans made ______of captured peoples during the wars and ______which followed
v By 100 BC slaves made up ______ of Rome’s population
Expansion and Wealth Creates Problems
v The spread of slavery caused small ______(former soldiers) to ______their ______.
v The influx of wealth caused ______to ______(______)
Unemployment
v Loss of ______
v ______ former farmer-soldiers flocked into the into ______ looking for jobs and joined the ranks of the restless ______ (25% of the population)
v The gap between the ______and the ______ widened
Decline of the Republic
v The ______of Rome’s ______ government
v Civil wars erupted due to ______and rivalries between ______
v Another civil war erupted over the power of ______
The First Triumvirate
v ______ rulers who joined forces to take ______from the ______ and dominate Rome.
v ______, ______, ______
Julius Caesar
v He conquered ______(______today)
v He had the support of the ______and the ______
Julius Caesar as Dictator
v ______went to ______with ______and ______
v He returned to Rome with his army and ______the ______to make him ______for life.
v A group of ______stabbed Julius Caesar to ______ in the senate chamber
More Civil Wars
v After Julius Caesar’s death ______ war erupted
v ______ (Augustus) joined forces with ______and ______and together they took ______ of Rome for ten years.
v They became the ______
Octavian vs. Marc Anthony
v Civil ______ erupted again between Octavian and Mark Anthony
v ______ won.
v Octavian assumed ______ power and accepted the title “______”
v Rome became an ______ruled by an ______ (no longer a republic).
The Pax Romana
v ______of ______and ______ established by the rule of ______ (pax = peace, Romana = Roman)
v The Roman Empire continued to ______and ______
Roman Empire
v By the end of the second century, the Roman Empire stretched from ______to ______, and from North ______to Great ______
v Economic Impact
v Augustus established a ______system of ______ helping to expand trade.
v It was ______to ______and trade on Roman ______.
Social Impact
v Augustus returned stability to the social ______
v Increased emphasis on the ______
Political Impact
v Augustus created a ______: He paid workers to ______the affairs of ______ (postal system, tax collection, etc.)
v He developed a ______rule of ______
Problems With Succession
v Selection of the next emperor
v Because Rome had _____ written ______for choosing a ______emperor, ______ or civil war could occur when an ______.
Reflection
• The foundation of modern democracy was derived from
A. the New Testament.
B. the Roman Republic.
C. the Laws of Rome.
D. the Roman Empire.
• Rome became the dominant force in the Mediterranean after its victory in the Punic Wars over
A. Spain.
B. Great Britain.
C. Gaul.
D. Carthage.
• The Roman Empire collapsed because of civil war over the power of Julius Caesar and
A. devaluation of Roman currency.
B. an unstable civil service.
C. a belief in polytheism.
D. lack of technological advances.