Plate Tectonics Study Guide
1. ______: a type of plate boundary where two plate grind past each other without destroying or producing lithosphere.
2. ______: a type of plate boundary where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into the mantle beneath the other plate.
3. ______: a type of plate boundary where two plate are moving apart, typified by the oceanic ridges.
4. Plate Boundary Features Matching:
a. Divergentb. Convergent oceanic-oceanic
c. Convergent oceanic-continental
d. Convergent continental-continental
e. Transform Fault / _____ rift valley
_____ volcanic island arc
_____ continental volcanic arc
_____ subduction zone
_____ new ocean crust is formed
_____ seafloor spreading
_____ an ocean trench
_____ an ocean ridge
_____ oceanic lithosphere is destroyed
5. Deep ocean trenches are associated with ______.
6. The Hawaiian Islands were formed when the Pacific Plate moved over ______.
7. List three mechanisms of plate motion:
a. ______
b. ______
c. ______
8. Thermal ______that drives plate motion is caused by an unequal distribution of heat.
9. An earthquake’s ______is the place on the surface directly above the focus.
10. When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all direction from its source, which is called the ______.
11. Earthquakes are usually associated with ______.
12. Elastic ______causes earthquakes. The elastic rebound hypothesis states that most earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of ______energy stored in rock subjected to great forces.
13. Seismic Waves Matching:
S wavesP waves
Surface waves / _____ compress and expand rocks in the direction the waves travel
_____ fastest travelling waves
_____ slowest travelling waves
_____ second fastest travelling waves
_____ temporarily change the volume of material by compression and expansion
_____ shake particles at right angles to the direction the waves travel
_____ cannot be transmitted through water or air
_____ most destructive
_____ cannot be transmitted through the liquid outer core
14. At least ______seismic stations that are needed to determine the location of an earthquake’s epicenter.
15. An earthquake’s ______is a measure of the size of seismic waves it produces.
16. The scale most widely used by scientists for measuring earthquakes is the ______scale.
17. The ______is the instrument that records earthquake waves. The trace that records an earthquake from seismic instruments is called a ______.
18. List three factors that affect the amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations.
a. ______
b. ______
c. ______
19. A succession of ocean waves set in motion by a submarine earthquake is called a ______. Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rock on slopes to fail and cause a ______. Earthquake vibrations can break gas lines, water lines, and electrical lines causing damaging ______.
20. Most of the active volcanoes on Earth are located in a belt known as the ______.
21. The Hawaiian islands are associated with ______volcanism.