Name: ______Period: ______
Chapter 24 Bacteria
Sec 24-1 Bacterial Cell Evolution
1. Bacteria are microscopic ______.
2. Fossils evidence shows bacteria are about ______years old, while eukaryotes are about ______years old.
3. Discuss where bacteria can be found.
4. Ribosomal differences have put bacteria into what two kingdoms? Which is the older group?
5. What is absent in the cell wall of Archaebacteria? Describe this substance.
6. Describe the environments in which you would find Archaebacteria.
7. Compare & contrast these three groups of Archaebacteria --- methanogens, extreme halophiles, and thermoacidophiles.
8. Most bacteria are found in what kingdom?
9. Name & describe the three shapes of Eubacteria.
10. Are Eubacteria aerobic or anaerobic? Explain.
11. What type of staining is used to group Eubacteria?
12. Describe the appearance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria under a microscope.
13. Explain why Eubacteria do not all stain the same color during Gram staining.
14. Cyanobacteria, also known as ______bacteria lack a membrane bound ______& ______.
15. How are heterocysts helpful to cyanobacteria?
16. What is eutrophication?
17. Explain the role of cyanobacteria in eutrophication.
18. Compare & contrast these three groups of Proteobacteria --- enteric bacteria, chemoautotrophs, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Sec 24-2 Characteristics of Bacteria
19. Namethe three main parts of all bacteria.
20. Describe the cell wall of bacteria. How does this differ from a plant cell wall?
21. Are Gram positive or negative bacteria more protected against antibiotics & why?
22. Where does cell respiration take place in eukaryotes? in bacteria?
23. Describe how the cell membrane of photosynthetic bacteria are adapted for this process. Where does this process take place in plants?
24. Describe the DNA (hereditary material) found in bacteria.
25. Where is the capsule of a bacteria, what is it made of, and give two ways it helps a bacterium?
26. Where is the glycoclayx of a bacteria, what is it made of, and how does it help a bacterium?
27. How do pili help the bacteria that have them?
28. How do Gram positive bacteria protect themselves against harsh environments?
29. Describe two methods of locomotion in bacteria.
30. Compare & contrast saprophytic and photoautotrophic bacterial nutrition.
31. Distinguish among these three bacteria & give an example of each --- obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, & obligate aerobes.
32. Compare & contrast these three methods of bacterial reproduction --- transformation, conjugation, and transduction.
Sec 24-3 Bacteria and Humans
33. What does a pathologist do for a living?
34. Compare & contrast the two types of toxins bacteria produce.
35. Besides injuring the body by releasing toxins, how else do bacteria hurt the body?
36. Describe four antibiotics against bacteria.
37. Explain how antibiotic resistance occurs.
38. Describe, in detail, how bacteria can be useful to humans.