OSNUTEK 15.okt. 2001
On the basis of articles 8.a and 8.c of the Construction Act (Official Gazette of SRS Nos. 34/84 and 29/86 and Official Gazette of RS Nos. 59/96 and 45/99), the Minister of Environment and Physical Planning is issuing
REGULATIONS
on Building Ventilation and Airconditioning
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 1
(1) These regulations lay down technical requirements concerning building ventilation and airconditioning (hereinafter: ventilation), and technical requirements concerning mechanical ventilation systems where installed in buildings.
(2) In the scope of laying down technical requirements mentioned in the above paragraph, these regulations deal with indoor ambient conditions as regards quality of air and thermal conditions, by laying down the lowest allowable quality of this aspect of indoor ambient.
(3) These regulations do not apply to those buildings belonging to the group of industrial facilities.
Article 2
(1) These regulations apply to new constructions and to the changes of uses of individual rooms in existing buildings. They also apply to existing building reconstruction provided that their implementation is feasible technically and in accordance with cultural heritage conservation criteria.
(2) In the cases individual specifications for ventilation in certain types of buildings are laid down by another regulation, all other requirements provided in these regulations remain applicable.
Article 3
(1) Only such products placed on the market in accordance with the construction product regulations may be built in or installed in buildings.
(2) Ventilation system components to be installed in buildings are such construction products that enable buildings to meet essential safety, hygienic and health related requirements. Notwithstanding the compliance with requirements laid down by these regulations, mechanical, electro-mechanical and electrical ventilation system components shall also comply with all requirements of any other regulations applicable to such products.
Article 4
(1) The parameters of indoor ambient laid down in these regulations shall be achieved and maintained in all occupied building zones under normal weather conditions, in accordance with intended space uses and with the intended number of persons present.
(2) In the cases where specified indoor ambient parameters can not be achieved and maintained in occupied building zones, devices or installations capable of achieving and maintaining such parameters shall be installed in the building.
(3) Ventilation and specified indoor ambient parameters shall be achieved and maintained with the minimum practicable energy consumption observing the locality climatic conditions and room occupant demands. A ventilation system shall enable efficient air change with minimum heat/cold losses from the ventilated space and the building.
Article 5
In designing ventilation for such spaces where emissions of harmful or potentially explosive gas, vapour, dusts and other substances harmful to human health and/or comfort may be present or generated, such levels of emissions shall be achieved as not to endanger the health of residents or occupants.
Article 6
The supervision of implementation of the provisions of these regulations is carried out by competent construction inspectors and health inspectors.
Article 7
The standards referred to in these regulations are kept by and available from the Slovenian national standardisation body.
Article 8
(1) Terms used in these regulations have the following meanings:
1. Ventilation is the exchange of exhaust air for external air in rooms, and the achievement and maintenance of air purity and corresponding comfort of occupants. Room air shall be fresh and pleasant and shall not endanger room occupants’ health.
2. Airconditioning is such mechanical ventilation where air temperature, humidity, ventilation and purity are controlled.
3. Natural ventilation is such ventilation where differences in natural physical properties of air under different temperatures in the rooms and in the exterior are utilised, without application of mechanical devices. Natural ventilation takes place through open windows and external doors, ventilation openings and ventilation ducts, and as little as possible in an uncontrolled manner through door or window gaps, walls etc.
4. Mechanical ventilation is such ventilation where the changing of exhaust air with outside air is achieved by means of a mechanical device; in airconditioned buildings, by means of an airconditioning device. Airconditioning installation is a combination of all components required to aircondition the rooms.
5. Hybrid ventilation is such ventilation where natural and mechanical ventilation are operated simultaneously.
6. Ventilation efficiency is the ratio between the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust air and the concentration of pollutants in the breathing zone (occupied zone). The ventilation efficiency is determined with the following formula:
where:
- ventilation efficiency
CODZ - concentration of pollutants in the exhaust air
CVTZ - concentration of pollutants in the in-flowing air
Ci - concentration of pollutants in the breathing zone
7. Occupied zone is that section of the indoor ambient normally occupied by the room occupants; as a rule, this section comprises the area reaching to 1 m from an external window or wall, doors, heating or cooling bodies, to 0,5 m from internal walls, and in height, ranging between 0,1 m and 1,8 m above the floor level.
8. Olf is an air pollution measure, indicating the pollution caused by one person of an average body surface 1,8 m2, during calm seating activity 58,2 W/m2 = 1 met (metabolism) in a thermal ambient compliant with the specifications set forth in article 12 of these regulations.
9. Room air temperature is the temperature measured in the centre of a room at the height of 1,1m.
10. Sensed temperature or operative temperature is the mean value between the air room temperature and the mean radiation temperature defined by the following formula:
q0 = uq1 + (1 – u)qs
where:
q0 - sensed temperature at a given location in the room (oC)
q1 - room air temperature (oC)
qs - mean radiation temperature of enclosing surfaces at a given location in the room (oC)
u – value given in the following table as a function of mean air velocity (m/s):
v (m/s) / up to 0,2 / 0,2 to 0,6 / 0,6 to 1,0u / 0,5 / 0,6 / 0,7
In the cases the relative air velocity is lower than 0,2 m/s and the difference between the mean radiation temperature and the air temperature is lower than 4oC, the sensed temperature may be calculated as the mean between the air temperature and the mean radiation temperature.
11. Asymmetrical radiation temperature is the difference between radiation temperatures of two bodies separated by an imaginary plane.
12. Mean air velocity is the local air velocity measured over a time interval of 180 seconds at minimum.
13. Turbulence intensity is the ratio between the air velocity standard deviation and the average air velocity defined by the formula:
Tu = 100(SD/v) (%)
where:
Tu – turbulence intensity
SD – standard deviation of the air velocity (m/s) measured over a time interval of 180 seconds at minimum
v - average air velocity (m/s) measured over a time interval of 180 seconds at minimum
14. The air types are as follows:
- external (fresh) air: supplied air or external air entering the system prior to its conditioning;
- supply air: air entering the observed room or air entering into the system without prior conditioning;
- transfer air: internal air passing from one observed room to another;
- exhaust air: air leaving the observed room;
- recirculation air: air returning into the observed room air volume;
- waste air: air discarded into the external atmosphere;
- secondary air: air removed form a room and returned into the same room without any intermediate conditioning;
- indoor air: air in the observed room or occupation zone;
- lost air: air lost from the system due to leaking;
- infiltration air: air intruding into the building interior through leaks in the building;
exfiltration air: air leaving the building into the external atmosphere through leaks in the building;
- mixed air: air composed of two or more air flows. In the cases of mixing with air flows of inferior qualities, the inferior quality defines the characteristics of the mixed air flow.
(2) For the sketching and marking of air types in design documents, as well as for the markings on the installed system components, the abbreviations and colour coding given in figure 1 and tables 1, 1.1, 2 and 3 in section 1 of annex 1, which constitutes a part of these regulations, shall be applied.
II. INDOOR AMBIENT
1. Air Quality
Article 9
(1) In building design and construction, the building as a whole, i.e. including construction materials, furniture, ventilation system and equipment, shall be considered as the source of pollution of the indoor ambient air, as laid down in table A 8 of the standard SIST CR 1752: Building Ventilation – Indoor Ambient Design Criteria.
(2) The room occupants are defined as the source of indoor air pollution in table A 6 of the SIST CR 1752 standard.
Article 10
(1) In the rooms where smoking is not allowed, the minimum external air supply is 15m3/h per occupant, without taking into account other ambient air pollution sources and with the assumed ventilation efficiency of one (1).
(2) During the time of the presence of occupants, in a building intended for work or dwelling, the minimum air change rate (n) of 0,5h-1 shall be maintained unless otherwise laid down in these regulations. The applied ventilation system shall prevent air passage from the rooms with higher pollution loads (e.g. kitchens, toilets, garages, laboratories, ...) into other building rooms.
(3) In the buildings with installed mechanical ventilation systems and in rooms with ceiling heights exceeding 3,5m, the minimum allowable volume change rate may be lower, n < 0,5h-1, provided that the parameters are maintained and the specified indoor ambient parameters are maintained within the occupied zone. The air volume is calculated based on room internal dimensions.
(4) In the occupied zones of residential buildings, the ventilation shall be provided in compliance with the SIST DIN 1946-6 standard.
(5) In the rooms where smoking is allowed, the supply of fresh air shall be increased in accordance with the predicted number of smokers, predicted number of cigarettes smoked and room volume. The minimum volume of fresh air supply is 30 – 45 m3/h per occupant, depending on the predicted number of cigarettes smoked.
(6) The volume of fresh air may be determined based on the room floor area, and this volume shall be, at minimum, 1,5m3/h per square meter of floor area in rooms where smoking is not allowed, without taking into account any other ambient air pollution sources except a standard person.
(7) The volumes of external air for the purposes of building ventilation are laid down in annex 1 section 5 table 7. The volumes listed in this table ensure allowable indoor ambient under normally known conditions, without taking into account any additional pollution sources. Air distribution shall be determined considering the locations of the occupant and the operating device.
Article 11
(1) Concentrations of harmful substances in the indoor ambient air shall not exceed allowable limits in accordance with the SIST CR 1752 standard annex E.
(2) The allowable total concentration of CO2 in the indoor ambient air is 3000mg/m3.
Article 12
(1) Air flows and spreading of emissions and odours among different building rooms or between the building and its environment shall be controlled by means of pressure differences between the supply and exhaust air flows, with positive and negative pressures up to 10Pa. In such cases, the conformance of construction with design technical documents shall be demonstrated by means of a test prior to issuing the licence for use. Rooms with different intended uses shall not share a common ventilation system.
(2) Uncontrolled ingress of air into the building shall be prevented, in particular at windy localities, and the building envelope tightness shall be achieved and maintained.
2. Thermal Ambient
Article 13
(1) The designed and measured human thermal ambient sensation shall be expressed in accordance with the requirements of the SIST ISO 7730 standard sections 3.1 and 4. In the cases the clothing and activities are not specified, the average clothing value of 0,5 clo (0,078 m2 K/W) shall be assumed during the non-heating (summer) season, and value of 1,0 clo (0,155 m2 K/W) during the heating season, and the activity value of 1,2 met (seating).
(2) The indoor thermal environment shall be such as to keep the PPD index below 15% and the PMV index within the range -0,7<PMV<+0,7.
Article 14
(1) With no direct or indirect effect, the room air humidity shall not impact the human comfort and health, and shall not cause any surface condensation on the walls.
(2) In the occupied zone and with air temperatures in the range 20oC to 26oC, the allowable relative humidity range is 30% to 70%.
(3) The optimal sensed temperature, as a function of the occupant’s activity and clothing, is determined in accordance with SIST CR 1752 figure A.2, category C.
Article 15
(1) At optimal sensed temperature, air movement is allowable provided that the percentage of dissatisfied occupants is smaller than 25% - according to the methodology of SIST CR 1752 section A.2.4.3.
(2) The mean air velocities allowable in the occupied zone are laid down in SIST CR 1752 figure A.3 category C, as functions of local room air temperatures and turbulence intensities. The zone of acceptability under normal conditions is the area below the corresponding turbulence intensity curve.
(3) The air velocities in the occupied zone, at the air temperatures conformant to article 14 of these regulations, with draught risk of 25% and turbulence intensity of 40%, are designed according to table 4 of annex 1 section 2 herein. Air velocities may not be exceeded during the system normal operation; they may be exceeded during time limited intensive ventilation.
Article 16
(1) For a person seating in the occupied zone, the thermal comfort parameters are as follows:
1. air temperature
during the non-heating period, from 22oC to 26oC, recommended range: 23oC to 25oC;
during the heating period, from 19oC to 24oC, recommended range: 20oC to 22oC.
2. the temperature difference, in the vertical direction between the head and ankle level, in the case of a seating person (i.e. between the levels 0,1 and 1,1 m above the floor), shall be less than 3K, and in all other cases, less than 4K;