Name: ______Period: ______

Biology 1 Midterm Exam Review #1 (due ______)

A. Scientific Method (Students will develop abilities necessary to do and understand the scientific method.)

  1. Put the steps of the scientific method in the correct order:

______Analyze data

______Propose a question

______Draw a conclusion

______Design and conduct an experiment

______Formulate a hypothesis

______Make observations

  1. Match the following terms to their correct definition:

______ControlgroupA) A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed

phenomenon; usually written in if-then form.

______Dependent variableB) A statement that generalizes a body of observations. At the time it is

made, no exceptions have been found. It explains things but does not

describe them; serves as the basis of scientific principles.

______Experimental groupC) An explanation of observable phenomena based on available data;

explains the nature or behavior of a specific set of phenomena.

______HypothesisD) The act of noting and recording something, such as a phenomenon,

with instruments

______Independent variableE) Part of the experiment that does not change; used for comparison

______TheoryF) Part of the experiment that is changed or manipulated

______InferenceG) The observed variable in an experiment

______LawH) The act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence

______ObservationI) A manipulated variable in an experiment or study whose presence or

degree determines the change in the dependent variable

  1. Use the following terms to identify the steps of the scientific method reflected in Charles Darwin’s work with evolution.

Peer Review,Propose a question,Hypothesis, Inference, Perform Experiment (Collect Data),

Draw a Conclusion, Make Observations, and Formulate a Theory

______Why do some life forms have adaptations that seem to help them survive and

reproduce better?

______If favorable traits can be passed from one generation to the next, then over long

periods of time, nature will select organisms with traits that are desirable.

______On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin noticed that members of a population have variationsand these traits seemed to be inherited from parents to offspring. He also noticed that species producedmore offspring than their environment could support causing many organism to die due to lack of food or other resources.

______Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and

reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other

individuals.

______Darwin collected fossils and studied the different shapes of the beaks of finches

based on their food source.

______After extensive research, Darwin accumulated a plethora of data that supported

his original conclusion, that all life forms share a common ancestor. He then

published his Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection in a book called the

Origins of Species.

______Darwin’s Theory of Evolution has been tested and supported by 1000s of

scientists over the last several hundred years. If valid measurable data is gained

that disproves his theory, his theory would be modified or rejected all together

because science is about the search for the truth.

______From his observations and the sharing of other ideas with other scientists, Darwin

concluded that all life shares a common ancestor.

B. Water (Students will analyze the unique properties of water and explain how they support life)

  1. Describe how the unique properties of water help sustain life. Complete the chart below.

Property of Water / Reason / How it helps living things?
Universal Solvent – a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances / Polarity
Cohesion/Adhesion – tendency of water to bond to other water / tendency of water to bond to other (non water) molecules / Hydrogen Bonding
High Specific Heat Capacity – the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one unit / Hydrogen Bonding
Ice having a lower density than water – ice will float on water / Hydrogen Bonding
High Heat of Vaporization–the amount of heat required to turn water into a vapor without an increase in temp / Hydrogen Bonding

Name: ______Period: ______

Biology 1 Midterm Exam Review #2 (due ______)

C. Macromolecules (Students will compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organicmolecules:

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)

  1. What is an organic compound?
  1. Why is carbon such a good element to use to build macromolecules?
  1. Which chemical reaction (above) build polymers from monomers?
  1. Which chemical reaction (above) breaks down polymers into monomers?
  1. What substance is added or released in each of the reactions shown above?
  1. Complete the table regarding the four types of organic molecules:

Monomers (smallest unit) / Function / Examples
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
  1. Based on the listed characteristics, classify the 4 compounds as a: carbohydrate, protein, lipid, or nucleic acid.

A ______B ______

C ______D ______

D. Enzymes (Students will analyze and predict how enzymes can regulate biochemical reactions)

  1. Enzymes are what kind of specialized macromolecule?
  1. How do enzymes lower activation energy?
  1. Use the diagram above to compare enzyme actions to a lock and key.
  1. What property of the enzyme determines what substrate (molecule) it will work with?
  1. Does an enzyme get “used up” during a reaction?
  1. Does an enzyme change its shape eventually and no longer speed up reactions?
  1. Explain how pH and temperature may affect enzyme activity.
  1. What is the optimum pH for intestinal protease using the graph below?
  1. At what pH does neither enzyme work?

Name: ______Period: ______

Biology 1 Midterm Exam Review #3 (due ______)

E. Cell Structure and Function (Students will investigate and describe the structure and function of cells.)

  1. Match the following organelles to their correct function.

______NucleusA) Organelle that provides outer support to eukaryotic plant cells

______Plasma membraneB) Eukaryotic organelle that packages/modifies proteins for transfer

______Cell wallC) Eukaryotic organelle involved in the transport of materials within the

cell; lacks surface ribosomes

______MitochondriaD) Eukaryotic organelle used for transport of materials and folding of

proteins in the cell; has ribosomes on its surface

______Smooth ERE) Organelle that surrounds the cell; regulates what moves in and out;

found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

______Golgi apparatusF) Organelle that holds the genetic material of a cell; only found in

eukaryotic cells

______VacuoleG) Organelle used for storage in eukaryotes

______ChloroplastH) Eukaryotic organelle used to produce proteins

______RibosomeI) Eukaryotic organelle that transfers solar energy into chemical energy

stored in sugars using chlorophyll

______Rough ERJ) Eukaryotic organelle that releases energy from sugars

  1. Label the following organelles in both the eukaryotic animal and plant cell.

  1. What are three differences between the plant and animal cell?
  1. Place the following steps in order that describe how cells use exocytosis to transport proteins from a ribosome to the cell membrane for export.

______Protein is assembled on a ribosome that is attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

______Vesicle from rough ER transports protein to the Golgi apparatus

______Protein is folded into its 3-D shape as it travels through the ER

______The Golgi apparatus packages the protein in a vesicle for export

F. Biological Organization(Students will evaluate relationships between structures and functions at various levels of

biological organization.)

  1. Starting with the cell and ending with the organism, identify the different levels of organization. Define the term and provide an example.

Level / Definition / Example
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
  1. Below are a variety of cells from the human body.
  1. Label these cells (red blood cell, sperm cell, white blood cell, muscle cell, nerve cell)
  2. Which cell is adapted for movement?
  3. What organelle is very plentiful in these cells in order to provide the energy?
  4. Which cell has no nucleus? What is the function of this cell?
  5. Which cell is involved in the immune system?
  6. Which cell helps in movement of bones?
  7. Which cell is adapted for transmitting messages?

Name: ______Period: ______

Biology 1 Midterm Exam Review #4 (due ______)

G. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (Students will analyze structural and functional similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.)

  1. What are three main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
  1. What substances/organelles do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

H. Cell Transport (Students will analyze and predict how cell structures transport material into, out of, and within a

cell.)

  1. What water-fearing (hydrophobic) structure is found in the plasma membrane (shown above)?
  1. What water loving (hydrophilic) structure is found in the plasma membrane?
  1. Which structure from #1 & 2 helps the plasma membrane act as a barrier to most polar substances?
  1. Match the following transport terms to their correct definition.

______Active transportA) The movement of water from a region of high to low concentration.

______Passive transportB) The movement of substances from a region of high to low

concentration.

______DiffusionC) A property of the plasma membrane that allows some, but not all,

substances to cross.

______OsmosisD) A process through which large molecules are moved into a cell.

______Facilitated diffusionE) A process through which large molecules are moved out of cell.

______Semi-permeableF) A solution with a lower concentration of substances compared to

another solution

______EndocytosisG) The movement of substances against their concentration gradient;

requires ATP.

______ExocytosisH) The difference in substance concentration across a membrane.

______HypotonicI) A solution with the same concentration of solutes.

______HypertonicJ) A solution with a higher concentration of substances compared to

another solution.

______IsotonicK) The movement of substances with their concentration gradient; does

not require ATP.

______Concentration gradientL) The movement of substances from a region of high to low

concentration through transport proteins

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.

  1. Explain what has happened in the diagram to the above.
  1. Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left?
  1. Why is the cell membrane semi-permeable?
  1. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the starch concentration greatest (left or right)?
  1. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first?
  1. In osmosis, water moves from an area of ______to an area of ______concentration.
  1. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why?
  1. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of ______to an area of ______concentration.
  1. The diagram above shows the same type of molecules in area A and area B. With the passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of ______
  1. Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different structural formulas. If molecule (such as glucose) can cross the plasma membrane, can its isomer, fructose, automatically cross as well?
  1. The diagram above represents a cell in water. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time?
  1. Using the diagram to the above, what process would maintain the high concentration of carbon dioxide inside the cell?
  1. Draw arrows to show which way water will move in each of the following situations:
  2. Salt inside the cell = 15% and outside the cell 40%.
  1. Sugar inside the cell 60% and outside 27%.
  1. Complete the chart below to compare active and passive transport

Type of Transport / Net Movement of Molecules / Energy Required? / Example 1 / Example 2
Passive / High to low / Facilitated diffusion
Active / Yes / Endocytosis & exocytosis
  1. All organisms maintain homeostasis, whether a prokaryote or eukaryote. Prokaryotes don’t have complicated tissues or organs to help. What specialized structures do they use to maintain homeostasis?
  1. List three conditions that the body must regulate in order to maintain homeostasis.