CHAPTER 8 KEY LEARNING GOALS
8.1 List the three types of problems proposed by Greeno.
8.2 Identify and describe four common barriers to effective problem solving.
8.3 Review a variety of general problem-solving strategies and heuristics.
8.4 Discuss cultural variations in cognitive style as they relate to problem solving.
8.5 Articulate Simon’s theory of bounded rationality and Schwartz’s notion about choice overload.
8.6 Distinguish the additive and elimination by aspects approaches to making decisions about preferences.
8.7 Understand the nature of risky decision-making and the availability and representativeness heuristics.
8.8 Describe base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy and their causes.
8.9 Explain what is meant by the gambler's fallacy, overestimation of the improbable, and loss aversion.
8.10 Assess evolutionary theorists’ evaluation of cognitive research on flaws in human decision strategies.
8.11 Describe the nature of fast and frugal heuristics.
8.12 Summarize the contributions of Binet, Terman, and Wechsler to the evolution of intelligence testing.
8.13 Clarify the meaning of deviation IQ scores on modern intelligence tests.
8.14 Summarize evidence on the reliability and validity of modern IQ test scores.
8.15 Analyze how well intelligence tests predict vocational success.
8.16 Discuss the use of IQ tests in non-Western cultures.
8.17 Summarize evidence that heredity affects intelligence and discuss the concept of heritability.
8.18 Describe various lines of research that indicate that environment affects intelligence and explain the concept of reaction range.
8.19 Evaluate heredity and socioeconomic disadvantage as explanations for cultural differences in IQ.
8.20 Summarize evidence on biological indicators and correlates of intelligence.
8.21 Explain Sternberg’s cognitive analyses of intelligence.
8.22 Describe and critique Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
8.23 Identify the five unifying themes highlighted in this chapter.
8.24 Evaluate the role of insight and divergent thinking in creativity.
8.25 Describe creativity tests and summarize how well they predict creative achievement.
8.26 Clarify the associations between creativity and personality, intelligence, and mental illness.
8.27 Understand how appeals to ignorance and reification have cropped up in debates about intelligence.