AP Psychology

Vocabulary Card Words:

Vocabulary for each chapter is due on the day of the chapter test unless otherwise noted by the reading guide. Vocabulary exercisesshould be created for each word/concept listed and laid out as instructed below. It is very important to STUDY these vocab wordss as we prepare for unit tests as well as the AP exam.

Front of Card: Back of Card

WordDefinition of Word

AND

Application of word (how does this word apply to real life

Clue to help remember word (a cue to help you remember the word)

OR

Example of word (synonym, story or place you’ve seen this word)

Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology (Color Green)

Psychology / Functionalism / Cognitive neuroscience / Scientific method
Objective Introspection / Gestalt Psychology / Sociocultural perspective / Hypothesis
Wilhelm Wundt / Sigmund Freud / Biopsychological perspective / Replicate
Edward Titchener / Psychoanalysis / Evolutionary perspective / Observer effect
Structuralism / Behaviorism / Psychiatrist / Participant observation
William James / John Watson / Psychoanalyst / Observer Bias
Structuralism / Psychodynamic perspective / Psychiatric social worker / Case study
Charles Darwin / Cognitive perspective / psychologist / Representative sample
Population / Experiment / Random Assignment / Ethics
Correlation / Operational definition / Placebo Effect
Correlation Coefficient / Independent Variable / Experimenter Effect
Dependent Vairable / Single Blind Study
Experimental Group / Double Blind Study
Control Group / Critical THinking

Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective (Color Green)

Nervous System / Resting potential / Acetylcholine / Sensory pathway
Neuroscience / Action potential / Serotonin / Motor pathway
Biological Psychology/Behavioral Neuroscience / All-or-none / GABA / Sympathetic division (fight-or-flight system)
Neuron / Axon terminals / Glutamine / Parasympathetic division
Dendrites / Synaptic knob / Norepineephrine / Deep lesioning
Soma / Synaptic vesicles / Dopamine / Electroencephalograph
Axon / Neurotransmitter / Endorphins / Computed tomography
Glial cells / Synapse / Central Nervous System / Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI)
Myelin / Receptor sites / Spinal Cord / Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Nerves / Excitatory synapse / Afferent Neuron / Medulla
Reuptake / Inhibitory synapse / Efferent Neuron / Pons
Stem cells / Agonists / Interneuron / Retricular formation (RF)
Peripheral nervous system / Antagonists / Reflex arc / Cerebellum
Somatic nervous system / Autonomic nervous system / neuroplasticity / Limbic system
Thalamus / Cortex / Somatosensory cortex / Broca’s Aphasia
Olfactory bulbs / Cerebral hemispheres / Temporal lobes / Wernicke’s aphasia
Hypothalamus / Corpus callosum / Frontal lobes / Spatial Neglect
Hippocampus / Occipital lobe / Motor cortex / Cerebrum
amygdala / Parietal lobe / Association areas / Endocrine glands
Hormones / Pineal gland / Ovaries / Mirror neurons
Pituitary gland / Thyroid gland / Testies
gonads / Pancreas / Adrenal glands

Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception (Color Yellow)

Synesthesia / Hertz (hz) / Sensory conflict theory / Overlap (interposition)
Sensation / Pinna / Perception / Aerial perspective
Transduction / Auditory canal / Size constancy / Texture gradient
JND / Cochlea / Shape constancy / Motion parallax
Absolute threshold / Auditory nerve / Brightness constancy / Accommodation
Habituation / Pitch / Figure-ground / Convergence
Sensory adaptation / Place theory / Reversible figures / Binocular disparity
Visual accommodation / Frequency theory / Proximity / Muller-lyon illusion
Rods / Volley principle / Similarity / Perceptual set
Cones / Gustation / Closure / Top-down processing
Blind spot / Olfaction / Contiguity / Bottom-up processing
Dark adaptation / Olfactory bulbs / Depth perception / Parapsychology
Light adaptation / Somesthetic senses / Monocular cues
Trichromatic theory / Skin senses / Binocular cues
Afterimages / Kinesthetic sense / Linear perspective
Opponent-process theory / Vestibular senses / Relative size

Chapter 4: COnciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis and Drugs (Color Yellow)

Conciousness / REM paralysis / Hypersomnia / Stimulants
Waking consciousness / REM rebound / Circadian rhythm disorders / Depressants
Altered state of consciousness / Nightmares / Enuresis / Narcotics
Circadian rhythym / REM behavior disorder / Manifest content / Hallucinogenics
Microsleeps / Sleepwalking / Latent content / Amphetamines
Sleep deprivation / Night terrors / Activation-synthesis hypothesis / Cocaine
Adaptive theory / Insomnia / Activation-information-mode model (AIM) / Nicotine
Restorative theory / Sleep apnea / Hypnosis / Caffeine
Rapid eye movement / Narcolepsy / Social-cognititve theory of hypnosis / Barbiturates
Non-REM sleep / Somnambulism / Psychoactive drugs / Benzodiazepines
Alpha waves / Night terrors / Physical dependence / Alcohol
Theta waves / Restless leg syndrome / Withdrawl / Opium
Delta waves / Nocturnal leg cramps / Psychological dependence / Morphine
Heroin / PCP / MDMA (Ecstasy) / Psilocybin
hallucionegens / LSD / Stimulatory Hallucionogenics / Mescaline
Marijuana

Chapter 5: Learning (Color Blue)

Learning / Vicarious conditioning / Punishment by removal / Biofeedback
Classical Conditioning / Conditioned taste aversion / Shaping / Neurofeedback
Unconditioned Stimulus / Biological preparedness / Successive approximations / Latent learning
Unconditioned response / Stimulus substitution / Discriminative stimulus / Insight
Neutral stimulus / Cognitive perspective / Partial reinforcement effect / Learned helplessness
Conditioned stimulus / Operant conditioning / Continuous reinforcement / Observational learning
Conditioned response / Law of effect / Fixed interval schedule of reinforcement / Learning/performance distinction
Pavlov’s Dog / Operant / Variable interval schedule of reinforcement
Stimulus generalization / Reinforcement / Fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement
Stimulus discrimination / Primary reinforcer / Variable ratio schedule of reinforcement
Extinction / Secondary reinforcer / Discriminative stimuli
Reinforcer / Positive reinforcement / Instinctive draft
Spontaneous recovery / Negative reinforcement / Behavior modification
Higher-order conditioning / Punishment / Token economy
Conditioned emotional response (CER) / Punishment by application / Applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Chapter 6: Memory (Color Blue)

Memory / Long term memory (LTM) / Primacy effect / Retroactive interference
Encoding / Elaborative rehearsal / Recency effect / Consolidation
Storage / Procedural (nondeclarative) memory / False positive / Retrograde amnesia
Retrieval / Anterograde amnesia / Automatic encoding / Anterograde amnesia
Information processing model / Implicit memory / Flashbulb memories / Infantile amnesia
Levels-of-processing model / Declarative memory / Constructive processing / Autobiographical memory
Parallel distributed processing (PDP) model / Semantic memory / Hindsight bias
Sensory memory / Episodic memory / Misinformation effect
Iconic memory / Explicit memory / Curve of forgetting
Eidetic imagery / Semantic network model / Distributed practice
Echoic memory / Retreival cue / Encoding failure
Short term memory (STM) / Encoding specificity / Memory trace
Selective attention / Recall / Decay
Working memory / Recognition / Disuse
Maintenance rehearsal / Serial position effect / Proactive interference

Chapter 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence and Language (Color Red)

Thinking (cognition) / Functional fixedness / Practical intelligence / Morphemes
Mental images / Mental set / Stanford-Binet test / Semantics
Concepts / Confirmation bias / Intelligence Quotient (IQ) / Phonemes
Superordinate concept / Creativity / Wechsler Tests / Pragmatics
Basic level type / Confirmation bias / Reliability / Linguistic relativity hypothesis
Subordinate concept / Creativity / Validity / Cognitive universalism
Formal concepts / Convergent thinking / Deviation IQ scores / Cognitive reserve
Natural concepts / Diveregent thinking / Developmetally delayed
Prototype / Intelligence / Gifted
Problem solving / G factor / Emotional intelligence
Trial and error / S factor / Twin Studies
Algorithims / Gardners multiple intelligences / Bell Curve
Heuristic / Triarchic theory of intelligence / Language
Means-end analysis / Analytical intelligence / Grammar
Artificial intelligence (AI) / Creative intelligence / Syntax

Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion (Color Red)

Motivation / Arousal theory / Obesity
Extrinsic Motivation / Yekes-Dodson law / Anorexia Nervosa
Intrinsic Motivation / Sensation seeker / Leptin
Instincts / Incentives / Bulimia Nervosa
Instinct approach / Incentive approaches / Signs of eating disorders
Need / Expectancy value theories / Emotion
Drive / Maslow’s hierarchy of needs / Emotional expression
Drive-reduction theory / Self-actualization / Display rules
Primary drives / Peak experiences / Common sense theory of emotion
Acquired (secondary) drives / Self-determination theory (SDT) / James-Lange theory of emotion
Homeostasis / Insulin / Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion
Need for achievement (nAch) / Glucagons / Cognitive arousal theory
Need for Affiliation (nAff) / Weight set point / Facial feedback hypothesis
Need for Power (nPow) / Basal metabolic rate (BMR) / Cognitive-mediational theory
Stimulus motive / Social Components of Hunger / Positive psychology movement

Chapter 9: Stress and Health (Color Purple)

Health Psychology / Frustration / Multiple approach-avoidance conflict / Type A personality
Stress / Uncontrollability / General adaptation syndrome (GAS) / Type B Personality
Stressors / Internal Frustrations / Alarm / Type C personality
Distress / Persistance / Resistance / The Hardy Personality
Eustress / Aggression / Exhaustion / Optimists
Catastrophe / Displaced Agression / Immune system / Pessimists
Acute Stress Disorder / Displacement / Psychoneuroimmunology / Alternative Thinking
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) / Escape or withdrawl / Heart Disease / Downward Social Comparison
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) / Approach-Approach conflict / Cancer / Relaxation
College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS) / Avoidance-avoidance conflict / Natural killer cell / Burnout
Hassles / Approach-avoidance conflicts / Primary appraisal / Acculturative stress
Pressure / Double approach-avoidance conflict / Secondary appraisal / Social Support system
Psychological defense mechanisms / Rationalization / Regression / Concentrative meditation
Meditation / Projection / Identification / Receptive meditation
Denial / Reaction formation / Compensation (substitution) / Coping strategies
Represssion / Displacement / Sublimination

Chapter 10: Development Across the Life Span (Color Grey)

Human Development / Ovum / Motor development / Scaffolding
Longitudal Design / Fertilization / Piaget’s Theory / Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Cross-Sectional design / Zygote / Cognitive development / Stages of Language Development
Cross-sequential design / Monozygotic twins / Scheme / Tempermant
Nature / Dizygotic twins / Sensorimotor stage / Attatchment
Nurture / Conjoined twins / Object permanence / Secure
Prenatal / Germinal period / Preoperational stage / Avoidant
Genetics / Embryo / Egocentrism / Ambivilent
DNA / Embryonic period / Centration / Disorganized-disoriented
Gene / Critical periods / Conservation / Erikson’s Theory
Chromosomes / Teratogen / Irreversibility / Gender
Dominant (gene) / Fetal period / Concrete operations stage / Gender Roles
Recessive (gene) / Fetus / Formal operations stage / Gender Typing
Adolensence / Puberty / Personal Fable / Imaginary Audience
Conception / Reflexes / Vygotsky’s theory / Gender Identify
Preconventional morality / Identity versus role confusion / Andropause / Authoritarian parenting
Conventional morality / Adulthood / Intimacy / Permissive parenting
Postconventional morality / Menopause / Generativity / Permissive neglectful
Ego integrity / Activity Theory / Stages of Death and Dying / Permissive Indulgent
Cellular clock theory / Wear-and-tear theory / Free-radical Theory / Authoritative Parenting

Chapter 11: Theories of Personality (Color Brown)

Personality / Phallic Stage / Erik Erikson / Ideal self
Character / Oedipus Complex / Habits / Positive regard
Temperament / Identification / Social Cognitive Learning Theorist / Unconditional positive regard
Unconcious Mind / Latency / Social Cognitive View / Conditional positive regard
Id / Genital Stage / Reciprocal determinism / Fully functioning person
Ego / Psychoanalysis / Efficacy / Trait theories
Superego / Neo-Freudians / Julian Rotter / Trait
Pleasure Principle / Personal Unconcious / Self-efficacy / Surface traits
Reality Principle / Collective unconscious / Locus of control / Source traits
Concience / Archetypes / Expectancy / Introversion
Fixation / Carl Jung / Humanistic Perspective / Five-factor model (Big five
Psychosexual Stages / Alfred Adler / Self actualizing tendency / Openness
Oral Stage / Karen Horney / Self-concept / Conscientousness
Anal Stage / Basic Anxiety / Self / Extraversion
Anal Expulsive Personality / Neurotic Personalities / Real self / Extraverts
Introverts / Twin Studies / Halo effect / Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Agreeableness / Adoption Studies / Projection / Subjective
Neuroticism / Behavioral Genetics / Projective tests / Direct Observation
Trait-situation interaction / Interview / Rorschach inkblot tests / Rating Scale
Frequency count / Personality Inventory

Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders (Color Black)

Abnormality / Culture-bound-syndrome / Panic disorder with agoraphobia / Dissociative fugue
Pyschopathology / Cognitive psychologists / Obsessive-compulsive disorder / Dissociative identity disorder
Postpartum psychosis / Behaviorism / Generalized anxiety disorder / Depersonalization disorder
Postpartum depression / Psychodynamic view / Magnification / Mood disorders
Psychopathology / Biopychosocial model / All-or-nothing thinking / Dysthymia
Statistical Definition / Anxiety disorders / Overgeneralization / Cyclothymia
Social Norm Deviance / Free-floating anxiety / Minimization / Major depression
Situational context / Phobia / Somatoform disorders / Manic
Subjective discomfort / Social phobias / Psychosomatic disorder / Bipolar disorder
Maladaptive / Specific phobia / Psychophysiological disorder / Schizophrenia
Psychological disorders / Claustrophobia / Hypochondriasis / Psychotic
Models of Abnormality / Acrophobia / Somatization disorder / Delusions
Biological model / Agoraphobia / Conversion disorder / Delusional Disorder
Sociocultural perspective / Panic attack / Dissociative disorders / Hallucinations
Cultural relativity / Panic disorder / Dissociative amnesia / Flat Effect
Disorganized Schizophernia / Positive symptoms / Personality disorders / Seasonal affective disorder
Catatonic / Negative symptoms / Antisocial personality disorders / Phototherapy
Paranoid / Stress-vulnerability model / Borderline personality disorders

Chapter 13: Psychological Therapies (Color Black)

Therapy / Humanistic Therapy / Contingency contract / Advantages to Group Therapy
Psychotherapy / Reflection / Extinction / Disadvantages to Group Therapy
Biomedical therapy / Unconditional positive regard / Time-out / Eye-Movement Desensitation Reprocessing (EMDR)
Insight therapies / Empathy / Cognitive Therapy / Eclectic Therapies
Action therapy / Authenticity / Beck’s Cognitve Therapy / Theraputic Alliance
Psychoanalysis / Gestalt Therapy / Arbitrary Inference / Cybertherapy
Manifest content / Behavioral Therapies / Selective Thinking / Biomedical Therapies
Latent content / Behavior Modification or Applied Behavior Analysis / Overgeneralization / Psychopharmacology
Free association / Systematic Desenstization / Magnification and minimization / Anti-psychotic drugs
Resistance / Aversion Therapy / Personification / Antianxiety drugs
Transference / Flooding / Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) / Antidepressant drugs
Directive / Modeling / Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) / Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Psychodynamic therapy / Participant modeling / Group Therapy / Bilateral ECT
Nondirective / Reinforcement / Family Counseling / Unilateral ECT
Person centered therapy / Token economy / Self-help Groups / Psychosurgery
Prefrontal lobotomy / Bilateral cingulotomy

Chapter 14: Social Psychology (Color Pink)

Social Psychology / Social Impairment / Impression formation / Scapegoating
Social Influence / Social Loafing / Social Cognition / Social Cognitive
Conformity / Attitude / Social Categorization / Social Identity Theory
Soloman Asch / Affective Component / Stereotype / Social Identity
Groupthink / Behavior Component / Implicit Personality Theory / Social Comparison
Consumer Psychology / Cognitive Component / Attribution / Sterotype Vulnerability
Compliance / Direct Contact / Attribution Theory / Self-Fulfilling Prophesy
Foot-in-the-door technique / Direct Instruction / Situational Cause / Equal Status Contact
Door-in-the-face technique / Interaction with Others / Dispostional Cause / Jigsaw Classroom
Norm of Reciprocity / Vicarious Conditioning / Fundamental Attribution Error / Interpersonal attraction
Lowball Technique / Persuasion / Prejudice / Proximity
That’s-not-all Tecnique / Elaboration Likelihood Model / Discrimination / Reciprocity of Liking
Obedience / Central-Route Processing / In-Groups / Romantic Love
Stanley Milgram / Peripheral-Route Processing / Out-Groups / Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love
Social Facilitation / Cognitive Dissonance / Realistic Conflict Theory / Compassionate Love
Agression / Altruism / Prosocial Behavior
Social Role / Bystander Effect / Diffusion of Responsibility