Chapter 6 Study Guide

Chapter 6 Terms

·  food webs

·  trophic levels

·  10% Rule

·  fundamental niche

·  realized niche

·  resource partitioning

·  invasive species

·  keystone species

·  ecological restoration

·  symbiosis

·  competition

·  herbivory

·  predation

·  amensalism

·  commensalism

·  mutualism

·  parasitism

·  Obligate

·  Facultative

·  succession

·  primary succession

·  pioneer species

·  secondary succession

·  resilience

·  resistance

·  biome

·  boreal forest

·  chaparral

·  desert

·  savannas

·  temperate deciduous forest

·  temperate grasslands

·  temperate rainforest

·  climate diagrams (climatographs)

Questions

1.  Read the Central Case Study on pp141-142 about Zebra Mussels and answer the following questions:

a.  Why are Zebra Mussels considered an “Invasive Species” in the Great Lakes?

b.  Why were Zebra Mussel population able to increase so rapidly? (What negative feedback loop was missing in the Great Lakes ecological community?)

c.  What ecological problems were created by the Zebra Mussels?

d.  What anthropocentric problems were created by the Zebra Mussels?

2.  Give an example of Mutualism

3.  Give an example of Commensalism

4.  Give an example of Herbivory

5.  Why is competition given a (- -) in table 6.1 on page 145? Why is it bad for both species?

6.  What is “Competitive Exclusion”?

7.  Give an example of resource partitioning

8.  Use the concept of Net Primary Productivity to explain why there is a “pyramid” of numbers, biomass, and Energy in the trophic structure of an ecological community.

9.  Why does only 10% of the energy get transferred to the next trophic level? Where does the 90% of the energy go?

10. Give an example of a keystone species and explain why it is a keystone species.

11. Describe the difference between Primary and Secondary Succession.

12. Give an example of a “Pioneer Species” for each type of succession

13. Read the Science Behind the Story on pages156-157 and answer the following:

a.  What is the Keystone species in this story? (there are two)

b.  Diagram the food web in this story.

c.  Describe the “Trophic Cascade” that occurs in this story.

d.  What was the initial problem the scientist set out to answer?

e.  What was their final explanation?

14. How do invasive species negatively affect an ecosystem? Give an example.

15. Give an example of why some people like invasive species?

16. Give an example of Ecological Restoration.

17. Read the “Weighing the issues” on page 161 and describe one problem with Ecological Restoration.

18. Match the following Biome with its conditions. Use the climatograms on pages156-168

Boral Forest (Taiga)
Chaparral
Desert
Savanna
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Temperate Grassland
Temperate Rain Forest
Tropical Dry Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Tundra

Match the following Biome with its conditions

1 / High temperatures in summer
Long Growing season
Consistent low rainfall
2 / Low temperatures
Short Growing season
Low rainfall
3 / Consistent high temperatures
Consistent high rainfall
Long growing season
Poor Soil
4 / Temperature fluctuation
Moderate, consistent rainfall
Good soil from leaf decay
Moderate Growing season
5 / Temperature fluctuation
High, consistent rainfall
6 / Moderate consistent temperatures
High rainfall only during winter rainy season
7 / Fluctuating temperatures
Moderate, seasonally fluctuating rainfall with periodic droughts and dry seasons.
Excellent Soil
8 / Moderate, consistent temperatures
Moderate rainfall during winter
Long, dry summer
9 / High, consistent temperatures
Extremely high rainfall only in winter season
10 / Cool, seasonal temperature fluctuation
Moderate rainfall
Poor Soils
Short Growing Season