Exam 2 Material BY 124 SI Worksheet 9; Chapter 32

  1. Which characteristic below is shared by plants, fungi, and animals?

  1. They are heterotrophs.

  1. They release enzymes to the outside of the body to aid in digestion.

  1. They are multicellular eukaryotes.

  1. Their cells are supported and connected to one another by structural proteins.

  1. They have cell walls.

  1. Animals probably evolved from colonial protists. How do animals differ from these protist ancestors?

  1. Animals have more cells than their protist ancestors, and their cells show greater specialization.

  1. The protists were prokaryotic.

  1. The protists were heterotrophic.

  1. Animals are able to reproduce.

  1. The protists were autotrophic.

  1. During the development of most animals, cleavage leads to ______.

  1. a multicellular blastula

  1. the formation of a gastrula

  1. fertilization

  1. metamorphosis

  1. the formation of a zygote

  1. Many young animals are ______, a sexually immature form that is morphologically distinct from the adult stage. These young animals undergo ______to become ______, which resemble adults but are not yet sexually mature.

  1. larvae ... metamorphosis ... juveniles

  1. juvenile ... metamorphosis ... adults

  1. larvae ... metamorphosis ... adults

  1. larvae ... gastrulation ... juveniles

  1. juvenile ... gastrulation ... adults

  1. Which of the following correctly lists the embryonic stages in the order that they develop?

  1. zygote, blastula, gastrula, larva

  1. zygote, gastrula, blastula, larva

  1. zygote, blastula, larva, gastrula

  1. zygote, larva, gastrula, blastula

  1. blastula, zygote, gastrula, larva

  1. Which example below is a current hypothesis regarding the Cambrian explosion?

  1. Evolution of the Hox gene complex provided developmental flexibility.

  1. An increase in atmospheric CO2 led to an explosion of plants and life-forms that fed on plants.

  1. Increased numbers of predator species led to a dramatic decline in prey species.

  1. A rise in atmospheric nitrogen led to success of large animals with higher metabolic rates.

  1. All of the listed responses are correct.

  1. Which of the following occurred during the Mesozoic era?

  1. Marine reptiles disappeared.

  1. Large mammalian herbivores and carnivores arose.

  1. Flight evolved in pterosaurs and birds.

  1. A great diversity of new body plans emerged among animals.

  1. Fishes emerged as top predators in marine food webs.

  1. Which of the following groups does NOT exhibit bilateral symmetry?

  1. arthropods

  1. annelids

  1. chordates

  1. molluscs

  1. jellies

  1. Which of the following features is associated with bilateral symmetry?

  1. sponges

  1. a sessile lifestyle

  1. cephalization

  1. a lack of true tissues

  1. diploblastic body plan

  1. "Cephalization" refers to having _____.

  1. a dorsal and a ventral surface

  1. ectoderm

  1. radial symmetry

  1. a right and a left side

  1. a head

  1. Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?

  1. mesoderm

  1. bilateral symmetry

  1. a lack of true tissues

  1. triploblastic bodies

  1. ectoderm and endoderm

  1. In the embryo of a shark, ectoderm gives rise to ______; mesoderm gives rise to ______; endoderm gives rise to ______.

  1. muscle ... the outer covering of the animal ... the lining of the digestive tube

  1. muscle ... the outer covering of the animal ... the central nervous system

  1. the lining of the digestive tract ... muscle ... the outer covering of the animal

  1. the central nervous system ... the outer covering of the animal ... the lining of the digestive tube

  1. the central nervous system ... muscle ... the lining of the digestive tube

  1. All animals with bilateral symmetry have ______germ layer(s).

  1. zero

  1. one

  1. two

  1. three

  1. four

  1. A true coelom is ______.

  1. a body cavity lined with tissues derived from the endoderm

  1. an abdominal body cavity

  1. a body cavity lined with mesoderm

  1. a body cavity lined with endoderm and mesoderm

  1. a thoracic body cavity

  1. One of the primary developmental/anatomical characteristics distinguishing the major animal phyla is the condition of the body cavity. A pseudocoelomate animal is one in which the body cavity is ______.

  1. bounded partly by ectoderm

  1. bounded completely by endoderm

  1. lined on one side by mesoderm and on the other side by endoderm

  1. bounded completely by mesoderm

  1. filled by a solid mass of mesoderm

  1. The presence of a coelom is advantageous because ______.

  1. it permits the development of an open circulatory system

  1. it is a requirement for a complete digestive tract

  1. it allows for a third embryonic germ layer

  1. it allows room for the development and movement of internal organs

  1. All of the listed responses are correct.

  1. Indeterminate cleavage produces embryonic cells that ______.

  1. do not divide according to any recognizable pattern

  1. form eggs or sperm

  1. form ectoderm but not endoderm or mesoderm

  1. form mesoderm but not endoderm or ectoderm

  1. retain the capacity to develop into a complete embryo

  1. The zygotes of many protostomes undergo ______cleavage and ______cleavage.

  1. spiral ... radial

  1. radial ... indeterminate

  1. spiral ... determinate

  1. spiral ... indeterminate

  1. radial ... determinate

  1. An animal with a true coelom that has ______cleavage must be a(n) ______.

  1. radial ... deuterostome

  1. spiral ... deuterostome

  1. spiral ... endostome

  1. radial ... protostome

  1. All of the listed responses are correct.

  1. Which of the following is a trait shared by protostomes and deuterostomes?

  1. they are diploblastic

  1. a body cavity

  1. the anus develops from the blastopore

  1. spiral cleavage

  1. indeterminate cleavage

  1. Which of the following is characteristic of protostomes?

  1. Ectoderm forms the muscles.

  1. The blastopore forms the anus.

  1. Cell fate is determined early during embryonic development.

  1. Mesoderm forms appendages.

  1. The digestive tract is incomplete.

  1. Unlike other animals, sponges ______.

  1. are unicellular

  1. possess cell walls

  1. lack a coelom

  1. lack true tissues

  1. exhibit bilateral symmetry

  1. Which of the following is the defining characteristic of the clade Ecdysozoa for which this group is named?

  1. lack of true tissues

  1. a trochophore larva

  1. segmented bodies

  1. the secretion of stiff external skeletons that must be shed to permit growth

  1. a horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles

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