National Certification Examination

Model Question Paper – 2006

NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION

FOR

ENERGY MANAGERS & ENERGY AUDITORS

Section-I: OBJECTIVE TYPE Marks: 1×50 = 50

i)Each question carries one mark

ii)Put a (√ ) tick mark in the appropriate box in the answer book

1 / Which of the following is commercial energy source?
a) Electricityb) Nuclear Energyc) Hydel d) Solar
2 / Which country has the largest share of the global coal reserves?
a) Russiab) Chinac) USAd) India
3 / World oil reserves are estimated to last over
a) 45 yearsb) 60 yearsc) 200 yearsd) 75 years
4 / The global primary energy consumption (2002) was equivalent to
a) 21,842 Mtoeb) 15,360 Mtoec) 9405 Mtoed) 12,396 Mtoe
5 / The world average per person energy consumption is equivalent to _____tonnes of coal
a) 3b) 2.2c) 4.5d) 1.0
6 / The type of energy possessed by the charged capacitor is
a) Kinetic energyb) Electrostaticc) Potentiald) Magnetic
7 / Active power consumption of motive drives can be determined by using one of the following relations.
a) 3 x V x Ib) 3 x V2 x I x cos
c) 3 x V x I2 x Cosd) 3 x V x I x Cos
8 / The portion of apparent power that doesn’t do any work is termed as
a) Apparent powerb) Active power
c) Reactive Powerd) None of the above
9 / kVA is also called as
a) reactive powerb) apparent power
c) active powerd) captive power
10 / The ratio of maximum demand to the connected load is termed as
a) Load factor b) Demand factor
c) Contract demandd) none of the above
11 / “The judicious and effective use of energy to maximise profits and enhance competitive positions”. This can be the definition of:
a) Energy conservationb) Energy management
c) Energy policyd) Energy Audit
12 / The objective of energy management includes
a) Minimising energy costsb) minimising waste
c) Minimising environmental degradationd) all the above
13 / Replacement of steam based hot water generation by solar system is an example of
a) matching energy usage to the requirement
b) maximising system efficiency
c) Energy substitution
d) Performance improvement
14 / The benchmarking parameter for air conditioning equipment is
a) kW/Ton of Refrigerationb) kW/ kg of refrigerant handled
c) kcal/m3 of chilled waterd) Differential temperature across chiller
15 / Which instrument is used to monitor O2, CO in flue gas?
a) Combustion analyzerb) Power analyzer
c) Pyrometerd) Fyrite
16 / The objective of material and energy balance is to assess the:
a) input-outputb) conversion efficiency
c) lossesd) all the abovee) none of the above
17 / In material balance of a process, recycle product is always considered as
a) input to processb) output to processc) both (a) and (b)d) none of them
18 / Sankey diagram shows in graphics ___.
a) energy inputb) energy outputc) energy balanced) all the above
19 / In a furnace, the lower the exhaust temperature ____ is the furnace efficiency.
a) lowerb) moderatec) higherd) none of above
20 / In a heat treatment furnace the material is heated up to 800 °C from ambient temperature of 30 ° C considering the specific heat of material as 0.13 kCal / kg °C. What is the energy content in one kg of material after heating?
a) 150 kCalb) 250 kCalc) 350 kCal4) 100 kCal
21 / The force field analysis in energy action planning deals with barriers having
a) Positive forces onlyb) negative forces only
c) Both negative and Positive forces d) no forces
22 / In force field analysis of energy action-planning, one of the actions below do not fall under positive force?
1) high price of energy2) energy efficient technology available
3) top management commitment4) lack of awareness
23 / The support for energy management is expressed in a formal written declaration of commitment. This is called
a) Company policyb) Management policy
c) Energy policyd) Energy efficiency policy
24 / The term “Energy is a relatively high component of product cost”, which motivates plant to take measures for energy conservation? This is a positive force in a field analysis towards achievement of goal. State True or False?
25 / “An integrated energy purchase and energy management budget should be developed as part of the energy management action plan”. This statement holds good for the company’s
a) Safetyb) Accountabilityc) Reliabilityd) Stability
26 / Simple pay back period is equal to:
a) Ratio of First cost/net yearly savingsb) Ratio of Annual gross cash flow/capital cost
c) d) All the above
27 / Which of the following equation is used to calculate the future value of the cash flow?
a) NPV (1 – i)nb) NPV (1 + i)n
c) NPV + (1 – i)nb) NPV/ (1 + i)n
28 / The cost of replacement of inefficient compressor with an energy efficient compressor in a plant was Rs 5 lakh. The net annual cash flow is Rs 1.25 lakh. The return on investment is:
a) 15%b) 20%c) 25%d) 19.35%
29 / The broad indicator of the annual return expected from initial capital investment is __
a) NPVb) IRR
c) ROId) Discount factor
30 / The factor that reflects the risk of the project while evaluating the present value of the expected future cash flow is ______
a) Life of the projectb) Discount rate
c) Capital costd) All the above
31 / Project financing is the first step of project management- State True or False
32 / The term ‘energy services contract’ in a project comes under
a) Financingb) contractingc) monitoringd) evaluation
33 / The contract in which project specifications are provided to a contractor who procures and installs equipment at cost plus a mark-up or fixed price is called
a) Extended Financing termsb) guaranteed saving performance contract
c) shared saving performance contractd) Traditional contract
34 / CPM predicts the time required to complete the project— State True or False
35 / The path through the project network in which none of the activities have slack is called
a) start timeb) slack timec) critical pathd) delay time
36 / Which of the following statements about critical path analysis (CPA) is true?
a) The critical path is the longest path through the network
b) The critical path is the shortest path through the network
c) Tasks with float will never become critical
d) The network should remain constant throughout the project
37 / The network model that allows for randomness in activity completion times is called
(a) CUSUM(b) CPM(c) PERT(d) Gantt chart
38 / Performance is done after implementation. State True or false
39 / In project management system, Critical Path Method CPM) allows for randomness activity completion time deterministic method while Programme Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) uses fixed time estimate for each activity. State True or False.
40 / Which of the following does not belongs to project planning technique?
a) CPMb) PERT
c) Gantt chartd) IRR (internal rate of return)
41 / Energy monitoring and targeting is built on the principle of “ _____”.
a) “production can be reduced to achieve reduced energy consumption”
b) “Consumption of energy is proportional to production rate”
c) “You cannot manage what you do not measure”
d) None of the above.
42 / Which of the variable does not contribute to energy consumption?
a) Productionb) Hoursc) Climated) none of the above
43 / Level of production may have an effect on specific energy consumption. State True or False
44 / The empirical relationship used to plot production Vs Energy consumption is (Y= energy consumed for the period; C = fixed energy consumption; M = energy consumption directly related to production; X= production for same period).
a) X=Y+MC b) Y=Mx+Cc) M=Cx+Yd) None of above
45 / 1 kg LPG = _____ kcal.
a) 12,000 kcalb) 8000 kCalc) 6000 kCald) 4000 kCal
46 / The spread of the ‘Stratosphere’ above the Earth’s surface is______
a) Below 15 km b) 10 to 50 kmc) above 50 km d) above 100 km
47 / The ozone layer in the stratosphere acts as an efficient filter for ____
a) Solar UV- B raysb) X-raysc) Gamma raysd) UV-A rays
48 / The compounds that can easily break ozone molecules are______
a) Chlorineb) Brominec) Both a & bd) None
49 / The main source of CFCs in household sector is______
a) Televisionsb) Refrigeratorsc) Washing machinesd) All
50 / Global warming is due to release of
a) SO2b) greenhouse Gasesc) inert gasesd) free chlorine

Section-II: SHORT QUESTIONS Marks: 5×10 = 50

i)Answer any TEN of the following

ii)Each question carries FIVE marks

iii)Each answer should not exceed more than 8 lines ( ½ page)

1 / Classify the types of the energy available on the earth?
Energy can be classified into several types based on the following criteria as:

• Primary and Secondary energy
• Commercial and Non commercial energy
• Renewable and Non-Renewable energy

2 / A 250 W sodium vapor lamp is installed on a street. The supply voltage for a street light is 230 V and it operates for around 12 hours in a day. Considering the current of 2 amps and power factor 0.85 calculate the energy consumption per day
Energy consumption=V x I x Cos ǿ x no. of hours
=230 x 2 x 0.85 x 12
=4692 watts or 4.692 kW
3 / What are the few comparative factors need to be looked in to for external benchmarking used for inter-unit comparison and group of similar units?
Few comparative factors, which need to be looked into while benchmarking externally are:

• Scale of operation
• Vintage of technology
• Raw material specifications and quality
• Product specifications and quality

4 / What is the purpose of material and energy balance?
The basic purpose of material and energy balance is

• to quantify all the material, energy and waste streams in a process or a system.
• to find out the difference between calculated/designed values and measured/actual values thereby making it possible to identify previously unknown losses and emissions.

5 / What are the vital elements for a successful energy management programme?
The four vital elements for a successful energy management program are:
Top management support
Well charted strategy plan
An effective monitoring system, and
Adequate technical ability for analysing and implementing energy saving options
6 / Why organizations hesitant to invest money on energy conservation projects?
i.Organization typically gives priority to investing in what they see as their core or profit-making activities in preference to energy efficiency
ii.Even when they do invest in saving energy, they tend to demand faster rates of return than they require from other kinds of investment.
7 / Briefly explain shared saving performance contract.
Shared Savings Performance Contract is the contractor, which provides the financing and is paid an agreed fraction of actual savings as they are achieved. This payment is used to pay down the debt costs of equipment and/or services.
8 / Why CUSUM technique is most useful?
CUSUM technique is a simple but remarkably powerful statistical method which highlights small differences in energy efficiency performances. Regular use of the procedure allows energy manger to follow his plant performance and to spot any trends at an early date.
9 / Write the importance of ozone layer?
The ozone layer is highly beneficial to plant and animal life on earth filtering out the dangerous part of sun’s radiation and allowing only the beneficial part of reach earth. Any disturbance or depletion of this layer would result in an increase of harmful radiation reaching the earth’s surface leading to dangerous consequences.
10 / How do you relate plant maintenance to achieve energy efficiency in a plant?
There is a clear dependence relationship between energy efficiency and maintenance. This operates at two levels:
Initially, improving energy efficiency is most cost-effectively done in existing facilities through normal maintenance procedures
Subsequently, unless maintenance is regularly undertaken, savings from installed technical measure, whether in new-build or existing facilities, may not be realized.

Section-III: LONG DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS Marks: 10×5 = 50

i)Answer any FIVE of the following

ii)Each question carries TEN marks

iii)Each answer should not exceed more than 20 lines ( 1 page)

1 / List the strategies for better energy security of the nation?
Some of the strategies that can be used to meet future challenges to Nation’s energy security are:

• Building stockpiles
• Diversification of energy supply sources
• Increased capacity of fuel switching
• Demand restraint
• Development of renewable energy sources
• Energy efficiency
• Sustainable development

2 / What is heat transfer? Briefly explain three primary modes of heat transfer.
The rate of energy transfer is called heat transfer.
Heat is transferred by three primary modes:

• Conduction (Energy transfer in a solid)
• Convection (Energy transfer in a fluid)
• Radiation (Does not need a material to travel through)

Conduction

The conduction of heat takes places, when two bodies are in contact with one another. If one body is at a higher temperature than the other, the motion of the molecules in the hotter body will agitate the molecules at the point of contact in the cooler body and consequently result in increase in temperature.

Convection

The transfer of heat by convection involves the movement of a fluid such as a gas or liquid from the hot to the cold portion.

Thermal Radiation

Thermal radiation is a process in which energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves similar to light waves. These waves may be both visible (light) and invisible.
3 / Give a typical energy audit reporting format.
After successfully carried out energy audit energy manager/energy auditor should report to the top management for effective communication and implementation. A typical energy audit reporting contents and format are given below. The following format is applicable for most of the industries. However the format can be suitably modified for specific requirement applicable for a particular type of industry.
Acknowledgement
Executive summary - Energy audit options at a glance and recommendations
Introduction about the plant
Production process description
Energy and utility system description
- List of utilities
- Brief description of each utility
Detailed process flow diagram and energy and material balance
Energy efficiency in utility and process systems
Energy conservation options and recommendations
- List of options in terms of no cost / low cost, medium cost, and high investment cost, annual energy and cost savings, and pay back
- Implementation plan for energy saving measures / projects
Annexures
4 / Explain in brief the “position of energy manager” and “Energy committee” in an organisation? In your own words, explain what do you expect as support from top management?
The energy management function, whether vested in one “energy manager or coordinator” or distributed among a number of middle managers, usually resides somewhere in the organization between senior management and those who control the end-use of energy. Exactly how and where that function is placed is a decision that needs to be made in view of the existing organisational structure.
Because energy concerns different departments within a firm, an effective energy management programme must involve a number of people. In many companies, a committee is formed to include representatives of important departments.
It can encourage communications and the sharing of ideas amongst various departments throughout the company. It can serve to obtain agreements on energy conservation projects, which affect more than one department. It can provide a stronger voice to the top management than a single manager normally could. The composition of the energy committee will vary from one company to another, depending on the existing management structure, the type and quantity of energy used and other company-specific factors.
One of the roles of the top management is to publish a formal statement of its energy policy, which can be used to define company activities in energy matters for its employees.
Further, top managements must,

• Involve in all energy committee meetings.
• Empower those given with responsibility for implementing the energy management programme.
• Ensure resources of manpower, budgets etc.
• Encourage discussion on energy in Staff/employee meetings

5 / Explain the limitations with ‘Simple Payback Period’ technique with an example.
The limitations are:

• It fails to consider the time value of money. Cash inflows, in the payback calculation, are simply added without suitable discounting. This violates the most basic principle of financial analysis, which stipulates that cash flows occurring at different points of time can be added or subtracted only after suitable compounding/discounting.

• It ignores cash flows beyond the payback period. This leads to discrimination against projects that generate substantial cash inflows in later years.

To illustrate, consider the cash flows of two projects, A and B:
Investment / Rs. (100,000) / Rs.(100,000)
Savings in Year / Cash Flow of A / Cash flow of B
1 / 50,000 / 20,000
2 / 30,000 / 20,000
3 / 20,000 / 20,000
4 / 10,000 / 40,000
5 / 10,000 / 50,000
6 / - / 60,000
The payback criterion prefers A, which has a payback period of 3 years, in comparison to B, which has a payback period of 4 years, even though B has very substantial cash inflows in years 5 and 6.

• It is a measure of a project’s capital recovery, not profitability.

• Despite its limitations, the simple payback period has advantages in that it may be useful for evaluating an investment.