ISSN : 0379-5136
CODEN : IJMNBF
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
(http:/
VOLUME 29 / NUMBER 2 / JUNE 2000CONTENTS
PapersSensitivity and predictive capability studies on a finite element surge simulation model
G Latha & R Mahadevan / 89-95
Interannual variability of sea surface temperatures in ocean general circulation model
A Chakraborty, H C Upadyayaya & O P Sharma / 96-105
An adaptive scheme for processing multitrace marine seismic data
Kirti Srivastava / 106-110
Water quality statuss of Mumbai (Bombay) harbour - an update
B S Swami, U G Suryawanshi & A A Karande / 111-115
Heavy metal concentrations in sea water and sediments of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay,
southeast coast of India
S Palanichamy & A Rajendran / 116-119
Sediment distribution and placer mineral enrichment in the inner shelf of Quilon, SW coast of India
T N Prakash / 120-127
Sediment characteristics in the depositional environments of the Krishna delta, east coast of India
M S Gandhi, J Seetharamaiah & P B Murthy / 128-132
Foraminiferal study from Kharo creek, Kachchh (Gujarat), north west coast of India
R Nigam & S K Chaturvedi / 133-138
Bacteriological and physico-chemical factors associated with Noctiluca miliaris bloom, along Mangalore, south-west coast of India
B B Nayak, I Karunasagar & I Karunasagar / 139-143
Distribution of macrophytic vegetation in relation to salinity in the Chilka lake, a lagoon along east coast of India
B P Shaw, N P Rout, B C Barman, S B Choudhury & K H Rao / 144-148
Sessile fouling organisms and environmental parameters in the marinas of the Turkish Aegean coast
Ferah Kocak & Filiz Kucuksezgin / 149-157
Physico-chemical characterisation of the extrapallial fluid of a common tellinid bivalve Macoma birmanica (Philippi) in the mudflats of Sundarbans mangrove, Bay of Bengal
A Saha, S K Mukhopadhyay & T K Jana / 158-164
Population structure and shell morphometrics of the corallivorous gastropod Drupella cornus (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Naim S Ismail, Ali Z Elkarami & Salim M Al-Moghrabi / 165-170
Short Communications
Basement configuration of Visakhapatnam — Paradip continental margin from inversion of magnetic anomalies
M M Malleswara Rao, S Jagannadha Rao, K V Venkateswarlu, K S R Murthy,
I V Radhakrishna Murthy & A S subrahmanyam / 176-178
Growth of hatchery raised banana shrimp Penaeus merguiensis (de Man) (Crustacea: Decapoda) juveniles under different salinity
Christina M Saldanha & C T Achuthankutty / 179-180
Algal microboring on ooids: An evidence of Holocene sea transgression in eastern India
Amitava Bandyopadhyay & Chirananda De / 181-184
Computation of diffusion coefficients for waters of Gauthami Godavari estuary using one-dimensional advection-diffusion model
D Jyothi, T V Ramana Murty, V V Sarma & D P Rao / 185-187
Book Review
Aquaculture and biotechnology (eds. I Karunasagar, I Karunasagar & A Reilly)
N Ramaiah / 188-189
ABSTRACTS OF THE PAPERS
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 20000,pp.89-95
Sensitivity and predictive capability studies on a finite element
surge simulation model
G.Latha & R. Mahadevan
National Institute of Ocean Technology, IIT Campus, Madras-600 036, India
Received 15 December 1998, revised 9 February.2000
This paper reports the sensitivity and predictive capability studies carried out on the finite element model for storm surge simulation along the east coast of India. In this model, an explicit finite element scheme with 9-noded Lagrangian quadratic isoparametric elements was used to discretize the study area and the governing equations. The integration of dependent variables over an element was performed using two-dimensional Simpson’s rule, which leads to uncoupling of the system of equations and yields an explicit scheme for determining the flow parameters evolving with time. In the present work, the model has been benchmarked using an International software MIKE21. Sensitivity studies are carried out to evaluate the influence of the length of the ocean shelf and its depth at the coast in predicting the storm surges along the coast. The results show that the model is not sensitive to these parameters. Then the model is calibrated by simulating the storm surges induced by the 1977- Andhra cyclone, which is one of the severe cyclones in recent years along the east coast of India. The predictive capability of the calibrated model is assessed by simulating the surges for a few past cyclonic storms, which have crossed the east coast of India.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.96-105
Interannual variability of sea surface temperatures in ocean
general circulation model
A Chakraborty
Mody College of Engineering and Technology, Lakshmangarh-332311, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
and
H C Upadyayaya & O P Sharma
Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India
Received 24 March 1998, revised 17 January 2000
The evolution of annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) as simulated by a stretched coordinate ocean general circulation model is examined here with two surface heat flux formulations. The first heat flux scheme is the standard Haney formulation and the other scheme is just a modification of the former where a term using gaussian distribution of apparent atmospheric temperature has been added. The interannual behavior of simulated SST anomalies show their quite realistic evolution for both the formulations in tropical ocean. The simulations were performed by forcing the ocean model with European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) wind stress, ambient temperature, precipitation and evaporation from Atmospheric Model Inter-comparison Project (AMIP) archives. Major errors, common to both simulations reported here, pertains to systematic colder temperatures than the observed SST in the equatorial ocean in the western Pacific Ocean. The appearance of unrealistic tropical cooling trend present during almost all the years of the simulation period, seems to be a problem needing further refinement in the model physics.
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Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.106-110
An adaptive scheme for processing multitrace marine seismic data
Kirti Srivastava
National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
(Email: )
Received 3 May 1999; revised 15 March 2000
A deconvolution method based on the adaptive linear filtering technique has been developed for processing multitrace time-varying seismic data. In this adaptive algorithm the combined filter coefficients are being continuously updated as the seismic trace is being processed. The convergence factor of the adaptive algorithm obtained from the combined trace information is a major controlling parameter that regulates both speed and stability of the adaptive process. This constant convergence factor has been used to process the multitrace information. The developed method has been tested on a field sample of marine seismic data from the western continental margin of India. Results reveal that the methodology is effective in comparison to the conventional method of predictive deconvolution in removing the water bottom multiples.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.111-115
Water quality status of Mumbai(Bombay)harbour - An update
B S Swami, U G Suryawanshi & A A Karande*
Biology Division, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Anand Nagar PO. Ambarnath (E) - 421 506, Maharashtra, India
Received 5 October 1998,, revised 15 March 2000
Mumbai (Bombay) harbour receiving effluent waste from the discharge points located in an adjoining tidal basin is polluted. The concentrations of inorganic constituents such as nitrite, nitrate, ammonia and phosphate monitored for a period of 20 months were near critical values. Chlorophyll a content was low. The semidiurnal to diurnal tidal flow in the bay characterised by high velocity movement particularly during ebb-tide, replaces one third of bay water at every cycle per day. This helps to maintain normal dissolved oxygen concentrations as well as to reduce the organic load as the water moves into the open sea.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.116-119
Heavy metal concentrations in seawater and sediments of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, southeast coast of India
S Palanichamy & A Rajendran
Offshore Platform and Marine Electrochemistry Centre, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Tuticorin 628 004, T N, India
Received 5 February 1999, revised 31 January 2000
An investigation was carried out to delineate the levels of heavy metals both in the seawater and sediments from the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. The data, obtained during the year 1995 revealed that Cd could not be detected in the waters of Kanyakumari. However, at other stations the levels of Cd were in the order of ArumuganeriTuticorinThondi> Mandapam. In contrast, Pb levels were found to be maximum at Kanyakumari and minimum at Arumuganeri, while Hg was found to be maximum at Arumuganeri and minimum at Mandapam. Cd levels were found to decrease towards sea from the coast at Tuticorin. However no definite trend was observed at Mandapam and Thondi. Unlike Cd, Pb showed seaward increasing trend at Thondi transect. However, no definite trend was evident for other transects as seen for Cd. Bottom waters showed higher concentration of Cd and Pb as compared to those in surface water. Hg did not show any trend in its distribution. Data on sediments showed that Cd registered maximum levels at Arumuganeri (4.33 ppm) while Kanyakumari exhibited the minimum (0.4 ppm). Similarly the levels of Pb were found to be minimum (1.15 ppm) at Kanyakumari. In conclusion, among the transects studied, Arumuganeri appeared to be polluted.
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Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000.pp.120-127
Sediment distribution and placer mineral enrichment in the inner shelf of Quilon, SW coast of India
T.N.Prakash*
Centre for Earth Science Studies, Akkulam, Trivandrum 695 031, India
Received 28 February, 1999, revised 15 March 2000
Surficial sediment samples from the innershelf off Quilon, SW coast of India have been examined for the sediment type, placer distribution and titanium content. A major portion of the innershelf is covered with sands and silty clays. The southern shelf and outer-innershelf of the northern shelf are covered with moderately sorted medium sand whereas poorly sorted silty clays occur mostly in the northern shelf. The total heavy mineral content in the shelf varies from 1 to 12%. It is generally seen that high percentage of heavy minerals occurs in the sandy sediments. The results of Q-mode factor analysis indicate the spatial distribution of factors, which reflect the grain-sorting pattern of heavy minerals in the shelf. The distribution of titanium shows marked variation with texture of the sediments. The titanium content is higher in the southern shelf region where sandy sediments dominate. The near-innershelf of the northern shelf contains higher concentration of titanium with a decreasing tendency towards the outer-innershelf indicating the lithogenous origin. The distribution of heavy minerals and titanium in the innershelf indicates net sediment movement towards the northern shelf region where rich concentrations of placer minerals occur along the coast.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.128-132
Sediment characteristics in the depositional environments of the Krishna delta, east coast of India
M.S. Gandhi, J. Seetharamaiah & P.B. Murthy
Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530003, A P, India
Received 8 December 1998, revised 1 February 2000
Investigations on six vibracores collected at active sedimentation area in the southwestern margin of the lower Krishna delta indicate that the sediments are sands (3 ) to mud (8 ), well-to-poor sorting with or without bioturbation. The presence of parallel and cross bedding and interbedded sands in the vertical facies represents intense tidal reworking and storm events, respectively. The sedimentation process and progradation of the delta are controlled by the successive repetition and formation of spits and lagoons.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.133-138
Foraminiferal study from Kharo creek, Kachchh (Gujarat),
north west coast of India
R Nigam & S K Chaturvedi
National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa - 403 004, India
Received 13 November 1998, revised 22 February 2000
A total of seven surface sediment samples collected within 4 to 13.5 m water depth below chart datum from Kharo creek were studied for their foraminiferal content. The study revealed 47 foraminiferal species of which 44 were benthic and 3 planktonic. Out of these, 7 benthic species were the living ones. The fauna showed a positive relationship between angular-asymmetrical form and clay fraction in the sediments. The dominant rounded-symmetrical form of benthic foraminifera exhibit high energy environment. However, relatively high clay, asymmetrical form, living foraminifera and absence of reworked foraminifera at certain stations in the creek showed presence of quiescent microenvironment. This first report of foraminifera from any creek of Kachchh area will also serve as a baseline data to assess the future impact of industrial pollution (if any) as a jetty for offloading cement is being constructed in Kharo creek for proposed cement plant which is coming up in this area.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vpl.29,June 2000,pp.139-143
Bacteriological and physico-chemical factors associated with Noctiluca miliaris bloom, along Mangalore, south- west coast of India.
B.B. Nayak*, I. Karunasagar & I. Karunasagar
Department of Fishery Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, College of Fisheries,
Mangalore 575 002, Karnataka, India
A monospecific bloom of Noctiluca miliaris occurred during summer (May1993), off Mangalore, south west coast of India. The bloom was in the logarithmic phase of growth when it was first noticed. The bloom persisted for more than a week. Bacteriological and physico-chemical parameters were studied daily till the collapse of the bloom. No significant correlation was observed between Noctiluca counts and direct viable bacterial count or total plate count of bacteria. However, percentage incidence of bacteria Moraxella during the bloom period was significantly higher compared to non-bloom period.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.144-148
Distribution of macrophytic vegetation in relation to salinity in the Chilka lake,
a lagoon along the east coast of India
B P Shaw, N P Rout & B C Barman
Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751 023, Orissa, India
and
S B Choudhury & K H Rao
National Remote Sensing Agency, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500 037, India
Received 26 February 1999, revised 2 February 2000
Growth and distribution of the macrophytic vegetation in the Chilka lake in relation to the distribution of salinity were studied during 1996 to 1998 in order to assess its ecological condition. The lake was found to be highly heterogeneous with regard to the distribution of salinity; its value during summer varied from almost negligible (in the northern sector) to as high as 23.65 8.13 ppt (in the central sector). The inter-seasonal variation of salinity was found to be the highest in the central sector. It was further observed that the western region of the central sector of the lake remained even more saline than the southern sector during summer. Altogether 12 macrophyte species were identified from the lake. The lake, particularly its northern and the central sectors, was found to be extensively colonized by these macrophytes. It was also observed that the distribution of the macrophytes and the massiveness of their colonization were dependent on the salinity condition of the lake. The study suggests that the Lake is threatened to loose its identity, which could be avoided by adopting methods to increase its salinity.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.149-157
Sessile fouling organisms and environmental parameters in the marinas of the Turkish Aegean coast
Ferah Kocak & Filiz Kucuksezgin
Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciraltý, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
Received 30 November 1998, revised 4 February 2000
Results of salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total inorganic nitrogen, orthophosphate phosphorus and reactive silica were investigated in relation to the fouling organisms settled in the different marinas of the Eastern Aegean coast. Water samples were taken 3m below the surface and from bottom. Seasonal changes in sessile macrobenthic groups settled on test panels were studied during 1993-1994. Fifty-five sessile macrofouling organisms belonging to 8 different groups prevailing at the study sites were identified. In the more stressed marinas, the covering values of dominant groups were found to be notably different. Some pollution resistant species such as Hydroides elegans, Balanus eburneus, Balanus amphitrite, Bugula stolonifera, Bugula neritina and Ciona intestinalis were predominantly present. The early colonisers as well as rapidly breeding opportunistic species were dominantly present at the sites enriched by organic pollutants.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.158-164
Physico-chemical characterisation of the extrapallial fluid of a common
tellinid bivalve Macoma birmanica (Philippi) in the mudflats of
sundarbans Mangrove, Bay of Bengal
A Saha, S K Mukhopadhyay & T K Jana
Department of Marine Science, Calcutta University, 35, B C Road, Calcutta – 700 019, India
Received 15 December 1998, revised 23 March 2000
The chemical composition of the extrapallial fluid of Macoma birmanica was examined in order to understand the process of calcification. Concentrations of inorganic ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl- and SO42- were found in higher proportion in the pallial fluid than those in the ambient medium. Calcification from pallial fluid was found to be related to the removal of proton from the fluid through the excretion of NH3. The concentration of total positive charge is 14.1% higher than that of negative charge, indicating the presence of non-difusible negative ions. From EPR measurements, apparent complexation capacity of Mn in the fluid was in the order of 0.37×10-5M and forms 1:1 chelate with stability constant of 1.1×104 per mole. It was found to be highly undersaturated with respect to the solubility of skeletal aragonite in the pallial fluid and has the capacity to keep high concentration of calcium in solution through the formation of ion pair with HCO3-. Precipitation of aragonite was initiated through the formation of Ca chelates.
Indian Journal of Marine Sciences
Vol.29,June 2000,pp.165-170
Population structure and shell morphometrics of the corallivorous gastropod
Drupella cornus (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia ) in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Naim S Ismail & Ali Z Elkarmi
Department of Biological Sciences, The Hashemite University, P. O. Box 150459, Postal Code 13115, Zarqa, Jordan
and
Salim M Al-Moghrabi
Marine Science Station, University of Jordan, Aqaba, Jordan
Received 30 March 1999, revised 7 February 2000
A total of 1279 of the corallivorous gastropod Drupella cornus (Roding 1798) from the coral reefs in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, were studied for age, growth and shell morphometric determinations. The results show the life span to be seven years. The mean observed lengths of the seven age cohorts range from 6.4 to 36.3 mm. Theoretically, using Von Bertalanffy’s and Richard’s growth formula, the maximum length of this snail may reach 48.0 and 49.0 mm respectively. The annual increase in length is more for young snails (<20.0 mm ) than older ones. Shell and dry body weights averaged 1335 and 33 mg, respectively. The relationships of the shell length to shell and dry body weights are curvilinear. However, the relationships of the shell length to shell width, aperture length, aperture width are linear. The relative coefficient of condition ( Kn ) was higher for young snails ( 1.45 ) than older ones ( 1.01 ). The analysis of Drupella cornus population and shell morphometrics presented in this study supports the view that morphological differences among species of Drupella are enough to classify these species.