Olivia Gambelin and Kahryn Burke
Period 5
12/12/10
Fill in the Blank test
Fill in the Blank Test: Religion
During the time of the Black Death, _____1______would whip and scourge themselves as penance for their sins believing that their sin was the cause of the Black Death.
Phillip the Fair of France pressured Pope Clement V into living in Avigon, France, which resulted in the ______2______. Rome became very unstable without the pope, and so in 1377 the pope was brought back to Rome by _____3______, but France called the election of the new pope invalid, so they elected their own pope, causing the ______4_____. It soon became evident that the Church needed to be reformed. One group, the ______5______, believed that reform could be achieved through general councils that represented all Christian people, even the __6______.
During the Renaissance, many new ways of thinking emerged, including ______7____, which combined a classical way of thinking with religious values. ______8______, a leading figure of Christian humanism, wrote Utopia, presenting a revolutionary view of society. Politics of Spain during the Renaissance did not include religious toleration, and so there was a campaign to convert the Jewish population of Spain into ______9_____.
______10______can be attributed with the start of Protestantism. One major policy of the Catholic Church that Martin Luther attacked was the selling of ______11______. Lutheranism divided Europe and wasn’t officially recognized until the _____12______was issued in 1555. Another leader of the Reformation was ____13______, who helped to further divide Europe religiously, which can be seen through the French religious wars where French _____14______fought for religious toleration. The war finally came to an end with the ____15______which granted public worship of the Huguenots. In England another new branch of Protestantism was created through ______16______and ___17______, both issued by King Henry VIII for economical reasons. The Catholic Church countered the Reformation with a reformation of their own through the ______18______.
The three main causes of European expansion were gold, glory and __19______.
In England during the time of Absolution, many religious divides occurred. Many people where dissatisfied with the Church of England so they formed a group called the ____20____ who wanted to “purify” the church. Charles I combated their ideas through the policies of __21_____, who wanted to make the church services completely uniform throughout England. When ___22______came to power through the Protectorate, he on the other hand, supported religious toleration. But when Charles II came to power, he counteracted this through the __23____, which said that a person must receive the Eucharist in the Church of England, or many of their rights would be taken away.
The powerful ___24___ family wanted to unify their lands, and felt that by having one religion they could accomplish their goal.
The Muscovite princes declared that they had the authority to rule themselves with the claim that after the fall of Constantinople, they were the heirs to Orthodox Christianity. This led them to call Russia the ___25___. During Michael Romanov’s rule as tsar, ___26___ was determined to end corrupt Russian Orthodox practices and bring it in line with the Greek Orthodox traditions. The devout believers resisted, and formed communities of ___27___.
The Ottoman Empire was a place of religious toleration. Jews and Muslims could find refuge from ___28___ and religious wars. The ___29___ let each religion live amongst fellow believers under a religious leader. Vividly detailed stories of young ___30___ boys becoming Ottoman slaves fostered the European image of the brutal Turk.
Before the Scientific Revolution, Europeans’ ideas and understanding of the natural world were based on the ideas of ___31___, because his ideas did not contradict basic ideas of Christianity. During the Revolution though, a scientist by the name of ___32___ was tried for heresy by the Inquisition because of his findings, and eventually he renounced his “Copernican Errors”.
Before the reading revolution of the Enlightenment, reading materials were ___33___, meant to inspire reverence and teach obedience to God. Enlightened monarchs were only “enlightened” to a certain extent. For example, Frederick II of Prussia did not listen to the ideas of ___34___, who urged freedom and civil rights for the still-oppressed Jews. Another “enlightened monarch” was ___35___of Austria, who controlled the Catholic Church closely and granted religious tolerance and civic rights to Protestants and Jews.
During the 18th century, a Protestant revival called ___36___ began in Germany. It had a strong impact on John Wesley, who formed the ___37___ with like-minded students at Oxford. A similar revival of Roman Catholic faith was called ___38___. Also during the 18th century, religion was combined with recreation. This was best scene with the festival of ___39___. Just a few days long, shortly before ___40___, it was a time of drinking, masquerades and dancing.
In France, the ___41___ numbered about 100,000 and did not pay regular taxes, only a “gift” every few years. During the revolution stories that ___42___ were plotting with allies sparked the September massacres. With the ___43___, Napoleon and Pope Pius VII agreed that French Catholics could practice freely while the government still had influence over the French Church.
- Flagellants
- Babylonian Captivity
- Pope Gregory
- Great Schism
- Concillarists
- Lay piety
- Christian humanism
- Thomas More
- New Christians
- Martin Luther
- Indulgences
- Peace of Augsburg
- John Calvin
- Huguenots
- Edict of Nantes
- The Act in Restraint of Appeals
- The Supremacy Act
- Council of Trent
- God
- Puritans
- William Laud
- Cromwell
- Test Act of 1673
- Habsburg
- Third Rome
- Nikon
- “Old Believers”
- The Inquisition
- millet system
- Christian
- Aristotle
- Galileo Galilei
- sacred texts
- Moses Mendelssohn
- Joseph II
- Pietism
- Methodists
- Jansenism
- Carnival
- Lent
- first estate
- priests and aristocrats
- Concordat of 1801