Exam 6 Practice Exam

  1. Darwin and Wallace postulated that:
  2. The species inhabiting the earth have changed through time
  3. The mechanism by which descent with modification occurs is natural selection
  4. Genetic variation is heritable
  5. Natural selection is random
  6. All of the above
  7. B & D
  8. A & B
  9. The mechanism of evolution, natural selection, is not a random process.
  10. True
  11. False
  12. Explain in your own words why “survival of the fittest” is a misleading phrase, and why “reproduction of the fittest” is more accurate.
  1. Which of the following is evidence in support of the theory of evolution?
  2. Genetic homology
  3. Fossil record
  4. Developmental homology
  5. Morphological homology
  6. All of the above
  7. B & D
  8. A & B
  9. Which of the following is a misconception of the theory of evolution?
  10. Evolution is both a theory and a fact
  11. The theory of evolution is an explanation for the origin of life on Earth
  12. The theory of evolution does not explain the beginning of the universe
  13. There are many known and well documented transitional fossils in the fossil record
  14. Which of the following is TRUE about the theory of evolution?
  15. Evolution can occur in individuals
  16. All species are clearly distinct from one another
  17. Immunity to infections and disease within an individual is not conferred through evolution
  18. Wild species are perfectly adapted to their environments
  1. Evolution always leads to more complex species as a part of a progression towards the best species.
  2. True
  3. False
  4. Does meiosis and sexual reproduction change allele frequencies?
  5. Yes, cellular division alters the gene pool
  6. Yes, meiosis results in different combinations of alleles
  7. No, cellular division alters the gene pool
  8. No, meiosis only results in the different recombination of alleles
  1. List the five conditions that must be met in order for a population to remain in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:
  1. Do natural populations ever satisfy all five of these conditions? Why or why not? Because of this, what becomes of the allele frequencies?
  1. Define microevolution. What does it lead to?
  1. What are the causes of evolution? (Hint: what are the five conditions that need to be met for HWE? What needs to happen to them?)
  1. Why is natural selection likely better to adapt a population to its environment compared to the other causes of evolution?
  1. For the following, assume that the population is undergoing random mating, no gene flow, no mutations, no genetic drift, as well as not mutating. In a large population of beetles, the allele for a metallic exoskeleton is dominant to that for a black exoskeleton. The frequency of the allele for metallic exoskeletons in the population is 0.38.
  2. What is P representing in this problem?
  3. What is q representing in this problem? What is the allele frequency of P?
  4. What is the allele frequency of q?
  5. In percent form (%), what is the genotype frequency of the:
  6. Homozygous dominants beetles?
  7. Heterozygote individuals?
  8. Homozygous recessive individuals?
  1. The bottleneck effect:
  2. Results from environmental/ human calamity and leads to a loss in the allelic variability of the population
  3. Involves the colonization of a new area due to migration
  4. Results in the loss of all genetic diversity from the gene pool of a population
  5. Promotes the shifting of alleles among different loci within a population
  1. The founder effect:
  2. Results from environmental/ human calamity and leads to a loss in the allelic variability of the population
  3. Involves the colonization of a new area due to migration
  4. Results in the loss of all genetic diversity from the gene pool of a population
  5. Promotes the shifting of alleles among different loci within a population
  1. Which of the following are mechanisms of reproductive isolation?
  2. Post-zygotic barriers
  3. Allopatric speciation
  4. Pre-zygotic barriers
  5. Sympatric speciation
  6. All of the above
  7. A & C
  8. B & D
  9. The biological species concept:
  10. Focuses on the idea of reproductive isolation
  11. Eludes to the idea that members of one species does not/ cannot successfully interbreed with members of any other species
  12. Suggests that individual species do not maintain their genetic identity
  13. Leads to the idea of morphology being the primary source of distinguishing between species
  14. All of the above
  15. A & C
  16. A & B
  17. Two major requirements must be met in order for speciation to occur. Describe the following and how each relates to speciation:

1)Genetic Isolation:

2)Genetic Divergence:

  1. Allopatric speciation requires geographic barriers to promote genetic divergence and genetic isolation, whereas sympatric speciation involves the development of new species within the same geographical area.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Where is the fossil missing link between humans and chimps?
  2. Scientists have not uncovered it yet
  3. Scientists have uncovered it, yet require more fossilized samples before definitively declaring the link between humans and apes
  4. There exists so such thing since humans and chimps have evolved extensively since our last shared common ancestor
  5. Scientists have uncovered it- the hominid we call “Lucy”
  6. Which of the following is CORRECT regarding evidence in support of the “out of Africa” idea?
  7. Humans probably first reached the western hemisphere by ~100,000 years ago
  8. The oldest known fossil remains of our species are from the Middle East
  9. All the available evidence supports the idea that our species evolved in mid-central Africa and reach other parts of the world by migration
  10. The last common ancestor between humans and chimps was found to have migrated out of Africa

Be able to define these terms:

Genetic homology

Developmental homology

Morphological homology

Natural selection

Evolution

Population

Gene pool

P

q

p+q=1

p2+2pq+q2=1

Allele frequency

Genotype frequency

Non-random mating

Genetic drift

The founder effect

The bottleneck effect

Speciation

Sympatric speciation

Allopatric Speciation

Reproductive isolation

Pre-zygotic barriers

Post-zygotic barriers

Biological Species Concept

Reproductive Isolation