1. ______Is the Process of Applying Pressure to a Liquid to Transfer Force Or Motion

Brakes Chapter 2 Notes

Name: ______Period______

1. ______is the process of applying pressure to a liquid to transfer force or motion.

2. ______law states that when there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined liquid, there is an equal increase in pressure at every other point in the container.

3. A ______that is compressed has a smaller volume. ______can be compressed by applying pressure to it. Liquids cannot be compressed.

4. The brake ______is a device that converts the force applied to the pedal into hydraulic pressure. This provides pressurized fluid to the remote cylinders (wheel cylinder and brake caliper).

5. An ______master cylinder is a one- piece, cast iron component with a dual reservoir.

6. A ______master cylinder is made of cast aluminum with a plastic reservoir holding the brake fluid.

7. A master cylinder converts mechanical brake pedal force into ______pressure.

8. Both ______and ______master cylinders work in the same way.

9. The ______bore is filled with brake fluid. When the driver presses the brake pedal, the piston inside the bore moves forward. The Force of the piston acting on the fluid transfers pressure to the wheel cylinders.

10. The only time the master cylinder should be ______bled is if you are replacing the master cylinder.

11. Brake ______are the tubes and hoses that carry the brake fluid from the master cylinder to the wheel cylinders and calipers.

12. The two types of brakes lines are ______and ______

13. Rigid brake lines are made of ______.

14. Brake lines made of ______allow suspension movement.

15. In ______the U.S. Department of Transportation mandated dual master cylinders for all vehicles. The use of dual master cylinders in dual hydraulic circuit brake systems decreases the number of brake system failures. If one circuit fails, partial braking is still available. Only very rarely do both brake circuits fail at the same time.

16. Front-rear split systems are found mostly on ______

vehicles with front disc brakes and rear drum brakes.

17. Diagonally split systems are normally found on ______

vehicles.

18. The main purpose of a dual braking system is______

19. The ______valve is the valve that controls, or delays, the flow of brake fluid to the front brakes on a vehicle with front disc and rear drum brakes.

20. In a dual system, a ______valve is the valve that senses the pressure in each circuit. If the pressure of one circuit drops, the piston inside of the valve moves to close the circuit with low pressure. The valve movement triggers a switch that turns on the brake warning light.

21. A ______valve reduces the amount of braking force at the rear wheels on front disc and rear drum brake systems.

22. Some light duty trucks have a load sensing ______valve.

23. The ______valve is a valve that maintains a residual pressure of about 6-18 psi in the brake lines.

24. The ______valve combines the pressure differential valve, metering valve, and proportioning valve into one unit. Two-function combination valves combine either the proportioning valve or the metering valve with the pressure differential valve.

Residual Pressure Check Valve (above)

Load Sensing Proportioning Valve (left)

Combination Valve (below)

25. Servicing or replacing components in a hydraulic braking system usually allow air to enter the system. Since air is compressible, it acts like a cushion creating a spongy or soft brake pedal. Water may also enter the brake system through small pores in the flexible brake lines. Because of this it is necessary to bleed or flush the brake system.

26. There are several different methods to bleed or flush brake fluid.

______bleeding is performed by attaching

a fluid container to the bleeder screw on each brake, one at a time, and

having an assistance pump the brakes to manually remove the fluid.

______bleeding also called power bleeding

uses a container that is normally pressurized with shop air. This is attached

to the master cylinder with adapters and pressurized brake fluid is forced

through the system, the brakes can then be bled from each brake assembly.

______bleeding uses shop air to create a

vacuum inside of the container. The hose from the container can be attached

to each wheel brake assembly, and brake fluid can be vacuumed out from

the bleeder screw to the master cylinder to remove air.

27. It is also important to remember to keep the master cylinder topped off

at all times while bleeding brakes using any of the above methods. Also refer to the vehicle service manual for additional information on bleeding or flushing brakes.

28. The default method we use for bleeding brakes is to start at the wheel furthest away from the master cylinder and then work our way back to the master cylinder. Normally,

RR (right rear), LR (left rear), RF (right front), LF (left front). Always refer to the service manual for repair information.