Name:______
Teacher______
Science 8.____
Date:______
Weather & Water Final Exam Study Guide: Investigations 6 - 9
Investigation 6: Water in the Air
1. Define the following terms:
· Evaporation –______
· Condensation – ______
· Relative Humidity – ______
· Dew Point – ______
· Humidity – ______
· Saturation – ______
· Condensation Nucleus –______
· Weather Balloon - ______
· Sounding – ______
Relative Humidity Practice Problems:
2. Use the Humidity Calculation Chart (p. 32 in your notebook or p. 79 in the RB) to answer the question:
Dry Bulb 24°C
Wet Bulb 13 °C
R.H.:______
2. Dry Bulb 18°C
Wet Bulb 14°C
RH:______
3. If the air can hold a maximum of 45 g of water vapor, and there is currently 25 g of vapor in the air, what is the relative humidity? (Show your work!)
4. Use the chart on page 31 of your notebook to answer the following questions. Show your work!
What is the relative humidity of a kg of air at 25 °C that contains:
(Hint: You need to first find the max. amount of water vapor the air can hold at that temp!)
a. 10 g of water vapor
b. 15 g of water vapor
5. Why does sweating help keep a person cool? Explain in detail, and be sure to include:
a. changes in the state of the water
b. transfer of kinetic energy
______
______
6. How does the kinetic energy change during evaporation?
______
7. How does the kinetic energy change during condensation?
______
8. Why does condensation form on the outside of your glass of iced tea? Explain in detail and include:
a. the changes in the state of the water that are occurring
b. changes in kinetic energy (both inside and outside the glass)
______
______
9. What is the relationship between temperature and air pressure?
______
______
10. If the amount of water vapor in the air stays the same, but the air temperature increases, what happens to the relative humidity?
______
11. What do you think would happen to water vapor that condenses on a surface that has a temperature below 0°C? ______
What is this type of dew called? ______
12. What is the difference between humidity and dew point?
______
______
13. Circle the correct word from the pair to explain cloud formation.
Water vapor near the ground absorbs energy through (conduction/convection). The temperature (increases/decreases) causing the density to (increase/decrease), therefore the water vapor (rises/sinks). As the water vapor (rises/sinks), the temperature (increases/decreases), which causes the density to (increase/decrease). The water vapor cools to its (dew point/relative humidity) and (evaporates/condenses), forming liquid droplets of water. The liquid water needs (condensation nuclei / gas) on which to form. As more and more water droplets (condense/evaporate), they form a visible cloud. As the water droplets continue to grow larger, they can become too heavy and (precipitation/evaporation) occurs.
14. Below, draw a diagram to explain cloud formation.
Investigation 7: The Water Cycle
15. Define the following terms:
· Water Cycle - ______
· Precipitation - ______
· Percolation - ______
· Transpiration - ______
· Collection - ______
· Groundwater - ______
16. What percentage of Earth is covered by water? ______
17. Water Distribution on Earth:
______% is freshwater stored in icecaps and glaciers
______% is freshwater in a form usable by plans, animals, and people
______% is saltwater found in the oceans
18. If water is constantly being cycled and changing states, does the amount of water on Earth change?
______
**Be sure you know the possible stops of the water cycle! Study your water cycle diagram.
Investigation 8: Air Pressure and Wind
19. Define the following terms:
· Atmospheric (air) pressure - ______
· Isobars - ______
· Wind - ______
20. What is the relationship between pressure and temperature?
______
21. What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
______
22. What is the relationship between pressure and density?
______
23. Wind always flows from ______pressure to ______pressure.
24. What does the distance between isobars indicate?
______
______
24. Explain, in detail, how wind forms. Be sure to include the following:
a. Differential heating (warm/cold areas)
b. Density differences
c. Pressure differences
d. Direction of wind
______
______
For 25 – 28, draw the following local winds. In each, be sure to label the following:
a. day/night
b. warm/cold
c. rising/sinking air
d. high/low pressure
e. wind direction
25. Sea Breeze / 26. Land Breeze27. Mountain Breeze / 28. Valley Breeze
Investigation 9: Weather and Climate
29. Define the following terms:
· Stagnant Air – ______
· Source Region - ______
· Air Mass - ______
· Front - ______
· Warm Front - ______
· Cold Front - ______
· Greenhouse Effect - ______
· Global Warming - ______
30. Identify and describe the following air masses:
· cT - ______
· cP - ______
· mT - ______
· mP - ______
31. When a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass, what do you think happens to the warm air?
______
______
______
32. If a cold air mass forms over Canada, what kind of air mass would it be? ______
33. If a warm air mass forms over the Gulf of Mexico waters, what kind of air mass would it be? ______
34. What is the difference between weather & climate?
______
______
______
35. Draw and label a warm front. Include the following:
a. Front boundary line
b. Warm air location
c. Cold air location
d. Type of weather occurring
36. Draw and label a cold front. Include the following:
a. Front boundary line
b. Warm air location
c. Cold air location
d. Type of weather occurring