Review: 1st Nine Weeks Test
Class work: Complete in detail
Define, draw, identify, or describe the following:
LIVING THINGS AND VIRUSES
1. biology---study of living things
2. homeostasis---organism’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions as a response to its external environment
3. unicellular---organism composed of only one cell
4. multicellular---organism composed of two or more cells
5. prokaryotes---organisms with cells that DO NOT contain a nucleus
6. eukaryotes---organisms with cells that DO contain a nucleus
7. autotrophs---organisms that make their own food
8. heterotrophs---organisms that DO NOT make their own food
9. What is found in nucleus of cell?---genetic material (DNA)
10. Where is genetic material of a bacteria cell found?---throughout the cytoplasm
11. Draw and label the structure of a virus---textbook (pg. 211)
12. Explain in detail how viruses multiply---textbook (pgs. 212-213)---Hidden and Active Viruses
Active---attaches to bacterium, injects its genetic material, takes over cell and reproduces, new viruses fill bacterium until it bursts, viruses go out to invade new cells
Hidden---attaches to bacterium, injects its genetic material, becomes part of cells genetic material, hides for a while, virus reproduces, virus fills the cell until it bursts, viruses go out to invade new cells
13. How are viruses like parasites?---viruses must have a host cell to reproduce
14. Shapes of Bacteria---spherical, rodlike, and spiral
15. Draw and explain the following:
conjugation---one bacterium transfers some genetic material to another bacterium through a thread-like bridge; after the transfer the two cells separate; you start with 2 cells and you end with two cells----the two new cells contain new combinations of genetic material
binary fission---one cell makes an exact copy of its genetic material; then the cell divides to create two cells that contain the exact same genetic material as the original parent cell; you start with 1 cell and you end with two identical cells
16. cilia---tiny hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner
Used for movement/locomotion by---paramecium
17. pseudopods---a “false foot” or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoans
Used for movement/locomotion by---amoeba
18. flagellum---long, whiplike structure that helps a cell move
Used for movement by---euglena
CLASSIFICATION
19. Aristotle---developed first classification system; organisms grouped according to where they lived (land, sea, air)
20. Linnaeus---developed naming system called binomial nomenclature
21. binomial nomenclature---system for naming organisms in which each organism is given a unique, two-part scientific name
22. taxonomy---scientific study of how living things are classified
23. Characteristics of the animal kingdom---heterotrophs, multicellular, eukaryotes
24. Name the 3 Domains and list the characteristics of each---
A. Archaea---unicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, prokaryotes
B. Bacteria—uniceullular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, prokaryotes
C. Eukarya—unicellular or multicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, eukaryotes
25. What is your scientific name? Homo sapiens
What does it consist of? Genus and species
How to write it correctly? Homo sapiens
26. List the major levels of classification from highest/broadest to lowest/most specific---domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
ECOLOGY
27. producer---organism that can make its own food
28. consumer---organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
29. food chain---series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy
30. food web---pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem
31. energy pyramid---diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web
32. biotic factor---living parts of a habitat
Examples---answers will vary (trees, squirrels, etc)
33. abiotic factor---nonliving parts of a habitat
Examples---answers will vary (rocks, water, etc)
34. population---all members of one species in a particular area
35. community---all the different populations that live together in an area
36. species---group of organisms that are physically similar and can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce
37. ecosystem---all of the organisms that live in a particular area along with their nonliving surroundings
38. organism---a living thing
39. methods of determining population size---
Mark and recapture----capture organisms, mark them, and release them; later recapture and count how many were marked
Sampling---count the number of organisms in a small area; then estimate the number of them in a larger area
Direct observation----actually counting all of the organisms in a particular area
Indirect observation---counting the signs of life in a particular area (tracks, dens, etc.)
40. Explain the water cycle? Process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation
Nitrogen cycle? Nitrogen moves from air to soil, into living things, and back into the air
41. limiting factor---environmental factor that causes a population to decrease
Examples---weather, space, food, and water
42. carnivore---consumer that eats only animals
43. herbivore---consumer that eats only plants
44. omnivore---consumer that eats both plants and animals
45. energy flow in the ecosystem---the sun is the ultimate source of energy; an energy pyramid shows the flow of energy in an ecosystem; producers form the base of the energy pyramid, then there are first-level consumers, second-level consumers, and third-level consumers
46. energy roles in ecosystem---producers, consumers, decomposers
47. classifying---process of grouping things based on their similarities
9 Weeks Test Covers
Living Things: 32-49 210-215
Classification: 42-49, 253; 298-299
Ecology: 38-39; 704-718; 740-751
Study all notes and key terms.
Think about what was on the unit tests.