Wellington County Fire Training 2013-33 Lesson Plan

WELLINGTON COUNTY FIRE TRAINING 2013-33 LESSON PLAN

OFM curriculum –
Component - 2
Section - 33 / Lesson Plan – Land based Ice / Water rescue
Prepared by- T.O Karn
Preparation date – Jan 2013
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
·  Wear appropriate PPE including life vest if near water
·  Use lifelines for those who may be operating at shores edge
LEARNING OUTCOME(S): The learner will be able to:
·  Describe size-up procedures used in land based rescue
·  Methods used to stabilize the scene
·  Different types of water safety and rescue equip. – shore based
·  Methods to search for victims from the land
·  Methods to asses and stabilize the victim
·  Types of ropes used in water ice rescue
·  Self-rescue techniques used
·  Role of firefighter / rescuers in land based rescue
·  Safety precautions to be taken during land based rescue
·  Signs and symptoms of hypothermia
·  Signs, symptoms for cold water near drowning
·  Demonstrate the deployment of rescue throw lines to reach victims
·  Demonstrate use of additional shore based rescue equip. including ext. ladder, reach pole, fire hose
INTRODUCTION: / ESTIMATED TIME:
Water and ice rescue situations require specialized equipment, procedures, knowledge and precautions. Safety of the victim and rescuer is a prime concern. The best rescue is a successful rescue and while there are no guarantees, success is always more likely if well planned procedures are carried out efficiently and safely
APPLICABLE SECTION 21 GUIDANCE NOTES & SAFETY NOTE
Remember as the T/F you are a supervisor for this work period and will observe and enforce all appropriate health and safety measures for you lesson participants.
NFPA – 1670 Operations and training for tech search and rescue
NFPA - 1006 Tech rescuer professional qualifications
GN 6 -3 Water and Ice rescue
Be sure to add in any of your dept. SOG’s that apply
PRESENTATION / ESTIMATED TIME:
LESSON OUTLINE / TEACHING AIDS
WE ALL GO HOME
Rescuer safety is always the number 1 priority regardless of the emergency or the operation
SHORELINE RESCUE
·  Discuss various pieces of equip that may be used in a shore based rescue
·  Throw bags
·  Reach pole / pike pole
·  Charged hose line
·  Ladders
·  PFD
COLD WATER EMERGENCIES
How long does it take to become hypothermic?
·  Acute onset
·  Chronic onset
·  1 – 10 – 1
NEW YORK ICE RESCUE VIDEO
Discuss what went right and what went wrong
·  No PFD’s
·  Improper gear
·  Compassion is what kills responders
DROWNINGS BY WATER BODY TYPE
·  62% of all drowning occur in a lake or river
·  Over 50 % of those drowning occur when playing or walking on the ice or thin ice
RESPONSE TYPE
·  What does the SOG or policy say that your dept. will respond to
·  Do other dept’s and equip. need to be called
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER AND ICE
·  Water becomes dense when it cools. Cold water sinks to the bottom and warmer water rises.at 4 deg the process is complete and the water becomes isothermic and can begin to form ice.
·  Thermocline just below the ice can be between 0 and 4 deg
Factors affecting the formation of ice
·  Underwater currents or springs
·  Vegetation
·  Freeze and thaw cycles
·  Fluctuating water levels
·  Rocks and logs
·  Shifting ice
·  Sun reflecting off the bottom close to shore
Factors affecting the strength of ice
·  Is the ice old or new…new is usually stronger
·  Wind…...light wind makes strong ice
·  Snow…..snow over thin ice can insulate from freezing
·  Presence of water or slush
·  Air temp fluctuations can cause cracks and pressure ridges
Types of ice
·  Frazil
·  Slush
·  Layered
·  Candled
·  River – 10% - 15% weaker than lake ice
·  Snow ice
·  Floe ice
·  Pack ice
There are really only two types of ice. Ice that will support a victim and/or a rescuer and ice that will not.
THE DROWNING VICTIM
The reasons why people drown;
·  Become unconscious in the water
·  Everestimation of abilities
·  Injured in the water
·  Fall overboard
·  Trapped
·  Loss of performance due to hypothermia
·  Trying to rescue others
·  No PFD
Two major catergories include conscious and unconscious victims
HYPOTHERMIA
Time vs temp when determining length of time to be able to survive in the water. Discuss the grph from the presentation
·  It will take approx 30 min for a victim to become hypothermic in ice water
·  #1 rule is to remove them from the water asap
·  Hypothermia begins to occur after the body temp drops below 37 deg
·  Severity increases between 36 and 27 deg
·  After removal from the water the core temp will drop further. It will get worse before it gets better
·  Hypothermia can be considered mild, moderate, severe or critical
·  When the body experiences hypothermia it shunts warm blood from the extremeties to the core (lungs, heart, brain)
·  After Drop happens when the victim is removed and begins to warm. Cold blood from the extremeties now moves to the core reducing core body temp even further
Torso reflex
·  Extremities contract…..blood left in the torso
Laryngospasm
·  Involuntary gasping that lasts for 30 – 60 seconds
Mammalian dive reflex
·  Reduces the heart and resp’s to near undetectable levels in children 3 yrs and younger. Victims may appear dead but still viable
·  Some cases have seen resuscitation after 2 hrs in the water
Hypothermia treatment
·  Handle the victims as gently as possible
·  Follow hypothermia AED protocols
·  Keep patient in a horizontal position
ASSESSING THE RISK – Rescue or Recovery ?
·  As the rescue sequence progresses the progression of risk increases.
·  Rescue sequence: Talk, reach, throw……row and go
·  There is less risk associated with land based rescues which include the talk, reach and throw options
The 5 basic steps in carrying out a rscue include
1.  Evaluate scene and the victim (never assume only one victim)
2.  Prioritize the victims – the most viable should be saved first
3.  Assess personell and equip needs (use what you have or do you need mutual-aid)
4.  Develop plan and have a back up – (downstream rescuers for safety)
5.  Carry out plan and continually evaluate
COMMAND AND RESCUE TEAM
Must use the IMS system as with any other emergency or rescue.
Minimum team should be 3 people consisting of officer, primary rescuer and secondary rescuer
As more people arrive the roles increase to include back-up rescuers, safety officers and equipment handlers
RESCUE EQUIPMENT
·  Includes rope bags, reach poles ladders, pike poles, PFD’s
PLANNING FOR THE RESCUE
Visiting sites at different times of the year will tell you information about the location under different conditions
·  Access routes (winter vs summer)
·  Roadway hazards
·  Seasonal response times
·  Low or high water levels
·  Vegetation growth levels
·  Pre-plan areas of past incidents
WHEN THINGS GO WRONG – SELF RESCUE
If you as a resuer fall into still water the “HELP” position will slow heat loss from the boddy and slow the onset of hypothermia
·  Never use the “help” position in moving water
Moving water requires defensive swimming.
·  Lay on back
·  Face downstream with knees slightly bent
·  Toes out of water and prepare to fend off obstacles
Obstacle may include
·  Strainers
·  Downstream v’s
·  Upstream v’s
·  rocks / Slide 3
Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slides 8 and 9
Slide 13
Slides 14 - 33
Slides 34 - 38
Slides 39 - 48
Hand out chart to show stages of hypothermia
Slides 49 – 57
Slides 58 – 64
Slide 65
Handout on equip and its uses
Slide 66
Slides 67 - 69
SUMMARY: / TEACHING AIDS
APPLICATION & TEST: / ESTIMATED TIME:
ASSIGNMENT:
·  Demonstrate the use of rescue equipment including throw bags, rope cinch, air- filled hose line.
·  Follow OFM curriculum performance sign-off sheet
REFERENCE MATERIALS: / TRAINING AIDS REQUIRED:
OFC Water and Ice Rescue program
OFM curriculum comp 2 sect 33
Ice rescue PPT
“American Heat” videos (2) (from OFC course)
“New York Ice Rescue” video (from OFC course) / Projector and computer
Rescue equipment for demo.

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