EARTH SCIENCE

Level 3 Midterm Exam Review

January 20, 21, 22, 23

Chapters to Study: 1,23,24,25,17

Chapter 1

Science Skills and Methods **(due 1/6)

1. How do scientists do each of the following: Infer, Estimate, Measure, Predict, Classify, Hypothesize, Record and Organize, and Analyze

  1. Describe the difference between control and variable groups used in an experiment?
  2. What do we call the method used by scientists to approach a problem?
  3. Describe the function of each piece of safety equipment: goggles, hood, fire extinguisher, eyewash station, safety shower.
Measuring Using Scientific Units **(due 1/6)
  1. What are the basic metric units for: mass, volume (liquid and solid), density, temperature, length
  2. What are the basic metric prefixes? (King Henry …)
  3. Which piece of scientific equipment is best for finding:
  4. Volume of a liquid? what is the meniscus and how do you read it?
  5. Mass of an object?
  6. Temperature of a liquid?
  7. Length of an object?
  8. Volume of an irregular shaped object?
  9. Describe how to calculate Density.

Graphing **(due 1/7)

  1. What are the three types of graphs?
  2. Which variable goes on the x- axis?
  3. Which variable goes on the y- axis?

Studying the Earth **(due 1/7)

  1. Which earth scientist studies the rocks, soil, volcanoes, etc?
  2. Which earth scientist studies the oceans?
  3. Which earth scientist studies the atmosphere and weather?
  4. Which earth scientist studies space?

Mapping the Earth **(due 1/7)

16. Describe the location of each of the following:

  1. Equator
  2. Prime meridian
  3. International dateline
  4. Northern Hemisphere
  5. Southern Hemisphere
  6. Tropic of Capricorn
  7. Tropic of Cancer

Chapter 23

Earth in Space**(due 1/8)

  1. Define rotation. What does the earth do when it rotates? How long does one rotation take?
  2. Define revolution. What does the earth do when it revolves? How long does that take?
  3. What is the tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation?
  4. What is the earth’s magnetic field called?
  5. The path a body follows as it revolves around another body is called its ______
  6. When the earth is closest to the sun it is know as ______and farthest from the sun at ______.
  7. What causes the seasons to occur?
  8. Review the diagram on page 540:
  9. When do the equinoxes occur?
  10. When do the solstices occur?
  11. When do we experience the shortest day of the year (least number of daylight hours)?
  12. When do we experience the longest day of the year (most number of daylight hours)?
  13. How many times zones are there worldwide?
  14. How many degrees between each time zone?
  15. Which time zone are we in?
  16. What time is it in Los Angeles if it is 9:00am in New Jersey?
  17. As you move EAST into the next time zone, what happens to the time?

Earth’s Moon **(due 1/9)

  1. What is the current theory on how the moon formed?
  2. When the moon is closest to the earth it is known as ______and farther from the earth at ______?

36. Describe the chain reaction that occurred on the moon when a meteorite strikes the surface.

37. Write a description of each of the following characteristics of the moon’s surface: craters, rilles, maria (mare), highlands

Earth –Moon System **(due 1/9)

38. Draw the phases of the moon from new moon to new moon.

  1. Draw a solar eclipse? Identify the umbra and penumbra.
  2. Draw a lunar eclipse? Identify the umbra and penumbra.
  3. What causes tides? How many high and low tides each day?
  4. Why do we always see the same side of the moon?

Chapter 24

The Sun **(due 1/12)

  1. What element is the sun’s main fuel?
  2. Draw a diagram of the layers of the sun: core, photosphere, chromosphere, and corona.
  3. Which layers of the sun can be observed from earth only during an eclipse as a white crown?
  4. Which layer of the sun is the hottest?
  5. Which layer of the sun has a weak red light seen only during an eclipse, above the photosphere?
  6. Which layer of the sun, 5700 º, is the one we see?
Solar System**(due 1/12)
  1. What causes the tail of as comet to point away from the sun?
  2. Where are most asteroids located?
  3. The solar system formed from a contacting, swirling cloud of ______and ______

a. meteors and comets b. star and galaxies c. gas and dust d. nuclei and protons

  1. Kepler’s law states that the shape of the orbits of the planets is in the shape of a(n) ______.
  2. How is this shape drawn?

Chapter 25

The Study of Stars **(due 1/13)

  1. Draw and label a diagram of a simple refracting telescope.
  2. Draw and label a diagram of a simple reflecting telescope.
  3. Identify and describe the following:
  4. Continuous spectrum
  5. Bright line spectrum
  6. Dark line spectrum
  7. Describe the wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum: how they look and what they do or cause us to see
  8. Radio Waves
  9. Infrared
  10. Visible Light
  11. Ultraviolet
  12. X-Rays
  13. Gamma Rays

Characteristics of Stars **(due 1/14)

  1. The apparent change in the position of an object caused by a change in the position of the observer is called the ______.
  2. What is a light year?
  3. How bright a star appears to an observer on the earth is the ______magnitude.
  4. Define Absolute Magnitude.
  5. What is the color of the hottest stars? The coolest stars?
  6. What is the color of our sun?
  7. On the H-R diagram, describe each type of star: red giant, white dwarf, main sequence.
  8. What kind of star is our sun?

Life Cycles of Stars **(due 1/14)

  1. All stars begin as what?
  2. What are the stages of life for a low mass star?
  3. What are the stages of life for a high mass star?
  4. Is our sun a high mass or low mass star?
  5. What do we call the most violent explosion in the universe?

Galaxies and Star Groups **(due 1/15)

  1. What do we call a very large collection of stars?
  2. Name and describe the three main shapes of galaxies.
  3. What do we call the theory for the origin of the universe?
  4. Do scientists believe that the universe is expanding or contracting? What evidence do scientists have to support this belief?

Chapter 17

Structure of the Atmosphere **(due 1/15)

  1. Name the layers of the atmosphere from the closest to the farthest layer from the surface of the earth.
  2. In which layer does each of the following occur?
  3. we live
  4. ozone layer is here
  5. meteors burn up
  6. part of thermosphere, where radio waves bounce off
  7. passenger jets fly
  8. weather occurs here