Chapter 15: Bones, Muscle, Skin

Chapter 16: Food and Digestion
Name:______Pd: ______

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Section 1: Food and Energy

Vocab

  1. Nutrient ______

______

  1. Calorie ______

______

  1. Carbohydrate ______

______

  1. Glucose ______

______

  1. Fiber ______

______

  1. Fat ______

______

  1. Unsaturated ______

Fat

______

  1. Saturated ______

Fat

______

  1. Cholestorol ______

______

  1. Protein ______

______

  1. Amino Acid ______

______

  1. Vitamin ______

______

  1. Mineral ______

______

  1. Food Guide ______

Pyramid

______

  1. Percent Daily ______

Value

______

Section 1: Food and Energy

Notes

Why You Need Food:

  • Food provides:

o  Materials for ______

o  Materials to repair ______

o  ______

o  the ability to maintain ______

  • Food is converted into ______
  • ______= the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all the essential processes
  • 6 nutrients:
  • The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one oC = ______(lowercase c)
  • The measure of the amount of energy in food = ______(capital C)
  • _____ C = ______c

Carbohydrates:

  • Major ______source
  • Provide raw materials to make ______
  • 2 groups

o  ______carbohydrates

o  ______carbohydrates

Simple Carbohydrates:

  • aka ______
  • Naturally found in:

o  ______vegetables

  • The major source of energy = ______

Complex Carbohydrates:

  • Many ______molecules linked together in a long chain
  • Ex: ______

o  Found in ______,______,______,______, ______, and ______

  • The long chains must be broken to get ______from the sugar molecules
  • Fiber:

o  Complex carbohydrate found in ______

o  ______be broken down

o  NOT considered a ______

o  Keeps your ______system working properly

  • ____% - ____% of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates
  • Complex carbohydrates are ______because they provide a more even, long term energy source

Fats:

  • ______energy nutrient
  • make up part of ______structures
  • Fatty tissue protects and supports internal ______
  • ______your body to keep heat inside your body
  • HOWEVER; has ______as much energy as the same amount of carbohydrates!
  • 2 groups:

o  ______fats

o  ______fats

  • unsaturated fats:

o  ______at room temperature

o  ______

  • Saturated Fats

o  ______at room temperature

o  ______, ______, egg ______

  • Cholesterol

o  Waxy, fatlike substance found only in ______products

o  You ______makes all the cholesterol your body needs

o  Cholesterol is NOT ______in your diet

  • < ____% of your diet should come from fats
Proteins:
  • Needed for tissue ______and ______
  • Play a part in ______reactions in cells (______)
  • ______source (less than carbs & fats)
  • Found in meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, nuts, beans, lentils
  • ~___% of your diet should come from protein
  • The building blocks of proteins = ______
  • Only ____ different amino acids
  • ______of the amino acids you need can be made by your body
  • The others must come from your diet = ______amino acids
  • ______proteins:

o  Contain ______the essential amino acids

o  Sources: ______, ______

  • Incomplete proteins:

o  ______1 or more essential amino acids

o  Sources: ______, ______, ______

Vitamins:

  • Helper molecules in a variety of chemical reactions within the body = ______
  • If you eat a wide ______of foods, you will probably get enough of each vitamin

Minerals:

  • Nutrients not made by living things = ______
  • Source: plant foods, or eating animals that eat plants
  • Ex:

o  ______for strong bones

o  ______for red blood cells

Water:

  • Chemical reactions take place in ______
  • Makes up most of the body’s ______
  • ______dissolve in water to be carried throughout your body

Section 2: The Digestive Process Begins

Vocab

  1. Digestion ______

______

  1. Absorption ______

______

  1. Saliva ______

______

  1. Enzyme ______

______

  1. Epiglottis ______

______

  1. Esophagus ______

______

  1. Mucus ______

______

  1. Peristalsis ______

______

  1. Stomach ______

______

Section 2: The Digestive Process Begins

Notes

Functions of the Digestive System

•  3 main functions:

  1. Breaks food down into ______the body can use
  2. The molecules get carried throughout the body by the ______
  3. Eliminates ______from the body

•  The process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules = ______

•  ______l digestion = food is broken into smaller pieces

•  ______digestion = chemicals break food into their smaller chemical building blocks

•  The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system and into your blood = ______

The Mouth

•  The fluid released when your mouth waters = ______

•  Both mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the ______

•  ______grind food

•  Enzymes in ______begin breaking down food

The Esophagus

•  The muscular tube that connects the mouth and the stomach = ______

•  Flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the windpipe = ______

•  A thick, slippery substance that makes food easier to swallow and move through the esophagus = ______

•  Muscle contractions that push food toward the stomach = ______

The Stomach

•  ______to hold all the food you swallow

•  ______and ______digestion occur here

•  Has an enzyme that breaks down protein = ______

•  And a very strong acid = ______

Section 3: Food, Digestion, and Absorption

Vocab

  1. Small ______

Intestine

______

  1. Liver ______

______

  1. Bile ______

______

  1. Gallbladder ______

______

  1. Pancreas ______

______

  1. Villus ______

______

  1. Large ______

Intestine

______

  1. Rectum ______

______

  1. Anus ______

______

Section 3: Food, Digestion, and Absorption

Notes

The Small Intestine:

ü  Almost all chemical digestion and absorption takes place in the ______intestine

The Role of the Liver:

ü  Breaks down ______and other substances

ü  Removes ______from the body

ü  Produces ______

ü  Substance that breaks up fat particles = ______

ü  ______- stores bile

ü  Bile ______gallbladder and ______small intestine after you eat

Help From the Pancreas:

ü  Lies ______stomach and small intestine

ü  Produces ______that break down starches, proteins, and fats

Absoprtion in the Small Intestine:

ü  ______= tiny finger-shaped structures

ü  The villi absorb ______

ü  Nutrients then enter ______

The Large Intestine:

ü  The ______section of the digestive system

ü  Contain ______the feed on passing material

ü  As material moves through the large intestine, ______is absorbed into the bloodstream

ü  The remaining material is readied for ______by the body

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