Unit One: Cornerstones of Health Care

Conversion Guide: Kozier to DeLaune

Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.)

Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice (7th ed.)

Kozier: Fundamentals of Nursing (7th ed.) / Page / DeLaune & Ladner: Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards & Practice (3rd ed.) / Page

UNIT 1: THE NATURE OF NURSNG

/ 1 / UNIT I: NURSING’S PERSPECTIVE: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE / 1
CHAPTER 1: HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE / 2 / CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION; CHAPTER 11: LEADERSHIP, ELEGATION, AND POWER / 2; 176
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES / 3 / EVOLUTION OF NURSING / 4
Women’ Roles / 3 / Nursing Pioneers and Leaders / 9
Religion / 3 / Religious Influences / 4
War / 3 / Demands of War / 7
Societal Attitudes / 4 / SOCIAL FORCES AFFECTING NURSING / 17
Nursing Leaders / 5 / Nursing Pioneers and Leaders / 9
CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE / 7 / PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE / 177
Definitions of Nursing / 7
Recipients of Nursing / 8
Scope of Nursing / 8 / Primary: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention / 58
Settings for Nursing / 9 / HEALTH CARE SETTINGS; Table 4-3: Health Care Settings / 59; 61
Nurse Practice Acts / 9 / Legislative Accountability / 182
Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice / 9 / Standards ofNursing Practice. / 181
ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NURSE / 9 / Nursing Roles / 266
Caregiver / 10 / Caregiver / 266
Communicator / 10
Teacher / 10 / Teacher / 267
Client Advocate / 10 / Client Advocate / 267
Counselor / 10 / Counselor / 267
Change Agent / 10 / Change Agent / 267
Leader / 11
Manager / 11
Case Manager / 11
Research Consumer / 11
Expanded Career Roles / 11
CRITERIA OF A PROFESSION / 11 /

Criteria of a Profession

/ 177
Specialized Education / 11 / Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession / 178
Body of Knowledge / 11 / Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession / 178
Service Orientation / 11 / Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession
Ongoing Research / 11 / Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession
Code of Ethics / 12 / Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession
Autonomy / 12 / Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession / 178
Professional Organization / 12 / Table 11-1: Comparison of Nursing to Criteria of a Profession / 178
SOCIALIZATION TO NURSING / 13 / Social Organization / 291
Critical Values of Nursing / 13 / Criteria of a Profession / 177
FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTEMPORARY NURSING PRACTICE / 13 / SOCIAL FORCES AFFECTING NURSING / 17
Economics / 13
Consumer Demands / 15
Family Structure / 15
Science and Technology / 15 / Technology Changes in Nursing Education / 24
Information and Telecommunications / 15
Legislation / 16
Demography / 16
The New Nursing Shortage / 16
Collective Bargaining / 17
Nursing Associations / 17
NURSING ORGANIZATIONS / 17 / Table 11-2: Professional Organizations / 186
American Nurses Association / 17 / Table 11-2: Professional Organizations / 186
Canadian Nurses Association / 17 / Table 11-2: Professional Organizations / 186
National League for Nursing / 17 / Table 11-2: Professional Organizations / 186
International Council of Nurses / 17 / Table 11-2: Professional Organizations / 186
National Student Nurses’ Association / 18 / Table 11-2: Professional Organizations / 186
International Honor Society: Sigma Theta Tau / 18
CHAPTER 2: NURSING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH / 21 / CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION; CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH ANDEVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE / 2; 47
NURSING EDUCATION / 22 / NURSING EDUCATION OVERVIEW / 18
TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS / 22 / Diploma Education / 19
Licensed Practical (Vocational) Nursing Programs / 22 /

NURSING EDUCATION OVERVIEW

/ 18
Registered Nursing Programs / 23 / NURSING EDUCATION OVERVIEW / 18
Graduate Nursing Education / 25 / Master’s Programs / 21
Entry to Practice / 25 /

Nontraditional Entry Level Programs

/ 42
Continuing Education / 26 /

Staff Development and Continuing Education

/ 22
In-Service Education / 26 /

Staff Development and Continuing Education

/ 22
NURSING RESEARCH / 26 / RESEARCH: SUBSTANTIATING THE SCENCE OF NURSING / 48
Approaches to Nursing Research / 27 /

Research Process

/ 50
Protecting the Rights of Human Subjects / 28 /

Rights

/ 52
The Quantitative Research Process / 29 /

Research Process

/ 50
The Qualitative Research Process / 30 /

Research Process

/ 50
Critiquing Research Reports / 30 / Application / 52
CHAPTER 3: NURSING THEORIES AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS / 34 / CHAPTER 2: NURSING THEORY / 27
INTRODUCTION TO THEORIES IN OTHER DISCIPLINES / 35 / USE OF THEORIES FROM OTHER DISCIPLINES / 29
Context for Theory Development in American Universities / 35
Defining Terms / 36 / COMPONENTS OF THE THEORETICAL FOUDATION / 28
THE METAPARADIGM FOR NURSING / 36 / Metaparadigm of Nursing / 31
PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORY / 37 / IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES / 29
In Education / 37 / IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES / 29
In Research / 37 / IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES / 29
In Clinical Practice / 37 / IMPORTANCE OF NURSING THEORIES / 29
OVERVIEW OF SELECTED NURSING THEORIES / 37 / SELECTED NURSING THEORIES / 35
Nightingale’s Environmental Theory / 38 / Florence Nightingale / 35
Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Model / 38 /

Hildegard Peplau

/ 37
Henderson’s Definition of Nursing / 38 / Virginia Henderson / 37
Roger’s Science of Unitary Human Beings / 38 /

Martha Rogers

/ 43
Orem’s General Theory of Nursing / 39 /

Dorothea Orem

/ 39
King’s Goal Attainment Theory / 39 / Table 2-1: Chronology of Nursing Theory Development / 32
Neuman’s Systems Model / 40 / Table 2-1: Chronology of Nursing Theory Development / 32
Roy’s Adaptation Model / 41 /

Sister Callista Roy

/ 41
Leininger’s Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory / 42 / Table 2-1: Chronology of Nursing Theory Development / 32
Watson’s Human Caring Theory / 42 /

Jean Watson

/ 43
Parse’s Human Becoming Theory / 43 /

Rosemarie Parse

/ 44
CRITIQUE OF NURSING THEORY / 43 / Continuing Evolution of Nursing Theory / 45

CHAPTER 4: LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING

/ 46 / CHAPTER 12: LEGAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES / 197
GENERAL LEGAL CONCEPTS / 4 / LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING / 198
Functions of the Law in Nursing / 47 / LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING / 198
Sources of Law / 47 / Sources of Law / 198
Types of Law / 48 / Sources of Law / 198
Kinds of Legal Actions / 48 / Negligence and Malpractice / 200
The Civil Judicial Process / 48 /

The Judicial Process

/ 200
Nurses as Witnesses / 49 / Expert Witness / 206
REGULATION OF NURSING PRACTICE / 49 / LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLES / 206
Nurse Practice Acts / 49 / Legislative Accountability / 182
Credentialing / 49 / Licensure Process / 183
Standards of Care / 50 / Standards of Nursing Practice / 181
CONTRATUAL ARRANGEMENTS IN NURSING / 51 / Table 12-2: Types of Civil Law / 200
Legal Roles of Nurses / 51 / LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLES / 206
Collective Bargaining / 52
SELECTED LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING PRACTICE / 52 / LEGAL LIABILITY IN NURSING / 200
Delegation / 54 / Delegation / 190
Violence, Abuse, and Neglect / 54
The Americans with Disabilities Act / 55 / The Americans with Disabilities Act / 209
Controlled Substances / 55 / Use of Controlled Substances / 205
The Impaired Nurse / 55 /

The Impaired Nurse.

/ 205
Sexual Harassment / 56
Abortions / 57 / Abortion / 470
Death and Related Issues / 57 / Legal Issues Related to Death / 210
AREAS OF POTENTIAL LIABILITY IN NURSING / 57 / LEGAL LIABILITY IN NURSING / 200
Crimes and Torts / 57 /

Civil Law

/ 199
Loss of Client Property / 61
Unprofessional Conduct / 61 / Unprofessional Conduct / 204
LEGAL PROTECTIONS IN NURSING PRACTICE / 61 / Legal Safeguards for Nursing Practice / 207
Good Samaritan Acts / 61 / Good Samaritan Acts / 209
Professional Liability Insurance / 62 / Professional Liability Insurance / 208
Carrying Out a Physician’s Orders / 62 / Executing Prescribed Orders / 206
Providing Competent Nursing Care / 62 / Provider of Service / 206
Record Keeping / 63 / Provider of Service / 206
The Incident Report / 63 / Incident Reports. / 208
REPORTING CRIMES, TORTS, AND UNSAFE PRACTICES / 64 / Reporting Responsibilities / 207
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF STUDENTS / 64 / Legal Responsibilities of Students / 207
CHAPTER 5: VALUES, ETHICS, AND ADVOCACY / 68 / CHAPTER 12: LEGAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES / 197
VALUES / 69 / VALUES AND ETHICS / 216
Values Transmission / 69
Values Clarification / 70 / Values Clarification / 216
MORALITY AND ETHICS / 71 / CONCEPT OF ETHICS / 212
Moral Development / 72 / CONCEPT OF ETHICS / 212
Moral Frameworks / 72 / ETHICAL THEORIES / 213
Moral Principles / 72 / ETHICAL PRINCIPLES / 213
NURSING ETHICS / 73 / CONCEPT OF ETHICS / 212
Nursing Code of Ethics / 73 / ETHICAL CODES / 216
Origins of Ethical Problems in Nursing / 75 / ETHICAL DILEMMAS / 218
Making Ethical Decisions / 76 / ETHICAL DECISION MAKING / 222
Strategies to Enhance Ethical Decisions and Practice / 77 / Framework for Ethical Decision Making / 222
SPECIFIC ETHICAL ISSUES / 77 / Bioethics in Heath Care / 212
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) / 77
Abortion / 77 / Bioethics in Heath Care / 212
Organ Transplantation / 79 / Bioethics in Heath Care / 212
End-of-Life Issues / 79 / Euthanasia / 218
Allocation of Health Resources / 80 / Use of Scarce Resources / 220
Management of Computerized Information / 81
ADVOCACY / 81 / Client Advocacy / 221
The Advocate’s Role / 81 / Client Advocacy / 221

UNIT 2: CONTEMPORARY HEALTH CARE

/ 87
CHAPTER 6: HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS / 88 / CHAPTER 4: THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM / 59
TYPES OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES / 89 / Levels of Care / 70
Health Promotion and Illness Prevention / 89 / Primary: Health Promotion and Illness Prevention / 70
Diagnosis and Treatment / 89 / Secondary: Diagnosis and Treatment / 70
Rehabilitation, Health Restoration, and Palliative Care / 90 / Tertiary: Rehabilitation / 71
TYPES OF HEALTH CARE AGENCIES AND SERVICES / 90 / HEALTH CARE SETTINGS / 71
Public Health / 90 / Public Sector / 60
Physicians’ Offices / 91 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Ambulatory Care Centers / 91 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Occupational Health Clinics / 91 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Hospitals / 91 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Extended Care (Long-Term Care) Facilities / 92 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Retirement and Assisted-Living Centers / 92 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Rehabilitation Centers / 92
Home Health Care Agencies / 92 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Day-Care Centers / 92
Rural Care / 92 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Hospice Services / 93 / Table 4-6: Health Care Settings / 73
Crisis Centers / 93
Mutual Support and Self-Help Groups / 93
PROVIDERS OF HEALTH CARE / 93 / HEALTH CARE TEAM / 62
Nurse / 93 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Alternative Care Provider / 93
Case Manager / 93
Dentist / 93 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Dietitian or Nutritionist / 94 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Occupational Therapist / 94 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Paramedical Technologist / 94
Pharmacist / 94 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Physical Therapist / 94
Physician / 94 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Physician Assistant / 94 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Podiatrist / 94
Respiratory Therapist / 94 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Social Worker / 95 / Table 4-2: Health Care Providers / 63
Spiritual Support Person / 95
Unlicensed Assistive Personnel / 95
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH CARE DELIVERY / 95 / FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE / 66
Increasing Number of Elderly / 95 / Vulnerable Populations / 69
Advances in Technology / 95 / Care in the High-Tech Environment / 178
Economics / 95 / Cost / 67
Women’s Health / 96 / Nursing Pioneers and Leaders / 9
Uneven Distribution of Services / 96 / Quality / 67
Access to Health Care / 96 / Access / 67
The Homeless and the Poor / 96 / Vulnerable Populations / 69
Demographic Changes / 97 / Access / 67
FRAMEWORKS FOR CARE / 97 / REIMBURSEMENT METHODS / 62
Managed Care / 97 / Managed Care / 62
Case Management / 98
Patient-Focused Care / 98
Differentiated Practice / 98 /

Types of Nursing Management Systems

/ 156
Shared Governance / 98
Case Method / 98 / Case Management. / 156
Functional Method / 100 / Functional Nursing. / 156
Team Nursing / 100 / Team Nursing. / 156
Primary Nursing / 100 / Primary Nursing. / 156
FINANCING HEALTH CARE / 100 / REIMBURSEMENT METHODS / 62
Payment Sources in the United States / 100 / Government Plans / 65
Payment Sources in Canada / 101
Insurance Plans / 101 / REIMBURSEMENT METHODS / 62
CHAPTER 7: COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING AND CARE CONTINUITY / 106
HEALTH CARE REFORM / 107 / Nursing’s Agenda for Health Care Reform / 68
COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH CARE / 108 / COMMUNITY HEALTH / 313
Community-Based Frameworks / 109
Community-Based Settings / 109
COMMUNITY-BASED NURSING / 111 / COMMUNITY HEALTH / 313
Competencies Required for Community-Based Care / 111
Collaborative Health Care / 111
CONTINUITY OF CARE / 113 / COMMUNITY HEALTH / 313
Discharge Planning / 113
Preparing Clients to Go Home / 114
Home Health Care Teaching / 114
Referrals / 114

CHAPTER 8: HEALTH PROMOTION

/ 118 / CHAPTER 16: HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROMOTION / 289
Healthy People 2010 / 119 / HEALTH PROMOTION / 295
DEFINING HEALTH PROMOTION / 120 / HEALTH PROMOTION / 295
SITES FOR HEALTH-PROMOTION ACTIVITIES / 121
HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL / 123 / Table 16-1: Theoretical Perspectives of Health / 291
Individual Characteristics and Experiences / 123
Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect / 124
Commitment to a Plan of Action / 124
Behavioral Outcome / 125
STAGES OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE / 125 / HEALTH BEHAVIORS / 293
Precontemplation Stage / 125
Contemplation Stage / 125
Preparation Stage / 125
Action Stage / 125
Maintenance Stage / 125
Termination Stage / 125
THE NURSE’S ROLE IN HEALTH PROMOTION / 125 / Nurse’s Role in Health Promotion / 297
THE NURSNG PROCESS AND HEALTH PROMOTION / 127 / CHAPTER 5: CRITICAL THINKING AND THE NURSING PROCESS / 79
NURSING MANAGEMENT / 128

CHAPTER 9: HOME CARE

/ 140
HOME HEALTH NURSING / 141
Definitions of Home Nursing / 141
Unique Aspects of Home Health Nursing / 141
THE HOME HEALTH CARE SYSTEM / 142
Referral Process / 142
Home Health Agencies / 142
Private Duty Agencies / 142
Durable Medical Equipment Companies / 142
Reimbursement / 142
ROLES OF THE HOME HEALTH NURSE / 143
Advocate / 143
Caregiver / 143
Educator / 143
Case Manager or Coordinator / 143
PERSPECTIVES OF HOME CARE CLIENTS / 143
SELECTED DIMENSIONS OF HOME HEALTH NURSING / 144
Client Safety / 144
Nurse Safety / 145
Infection Control / 145
Caregiver Support / 145
APPLYING THE NURSING PROCESS IN THE HOME / 146
NURSING MANAGEMENT / 146
THE FUTURE OF HOME HEALTH CARE / 149

CHAPTER 10: NURSING INFORMATICS

/ 153 / CHAPTER 13: DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS / 225
GENERAL CONCEPTS / 154
Computer Hardware / 154
Computer Software / 154
Computer Systems / 156
COMPUTERS IN NURSING EDUCATION / 157
Teaching and Learning / 157
Testing / 158
Student and Course Record Management / 158
COMPUTERS IN NURSING PRACTICE / 159
Documentation of Client Status and Medical Record Keeping / 159 / Computerized Documentation / 238
Electronic Access to Client Data / 161
Practice Management / 163
Specific Applications of Computers in Nursing Practice / 164
COMPUTERS IN NURSING ADMINISTRATION / 164
Human Resources / 164
Medical Records Management / 164
Facilities Management / 164
Budget and Finance / 164
Quality Assurance and Utilization Reviews / 164
Accreditation / 165
COMPUTERS IN NURSING RESEARCH / 165
Problem Identification / 165
Literature Review / 165
Research Design / 165
Data Collection and Analysis / 165
Research Dissemination / 165
Research Grants / 166

UNIT 3: HEALTH BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

/ 169
CHAPTER 11: HEALTH, WELLNESS, AND ILLNESS / 170 / CHAPTER 16: HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROMOTION / 289
CONCEPTS OF HEALTH, WELLNESS, AND WELL-BEING / 171 / HEALTH, ILLNESS AND, WELLNESS / 290
Health / 171 / Models of Health / 290
Personal Definitions of Health / 171 / HEALTH, ILLNESS, AND WELLNESS / 290
Wellness and Well-Being / 172 / Wellness Perspectives / 292
MODELS OF HEALTH AND WELLNESS / 173 / Models of Health / 290
Clinical Model / 173 / Models of Health / 290
Role Performance Model / 173 / Models of Health / 290
Adaptive Model / 173 / Models of Health / 290
Eudemonistic Model / 174 / Models of Health / 290
Agent-Host-Environment Model / 174 / Models of Health / 290
Health-Illness Continua / 174 / Models of Health / 290
VARIABLES INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS, BELIEFS, AND PRACTICES / 176 /

Family Influences on Health Care

/ 291
Internal Variables / 176 / Variables Influencing Health Behaviors / 293
External Variables / 177 / Variables Influencing Health Behaviors / 293
HEALTH BELIEF MODELS / 178 / HEALTH BEHAVIORS / 293
Health Locus of Control Model / 179 /

Locus of Control

/ 293
Rosenstock’s and Becker’s Health Belief Models / 179 / Table 16-1: Theoretical Perspectives of Health / 291
HEALTH CARE ADHERENCE / 180
ILLNESS AND DISEASE / 182 / Illness Perspectives / 292
Illness Behaviors / 182 / Illness Perspectives / 292
Effects of Illness / 183 / STRESS AND ILLNESS / 450
CHAPTER 12: INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY, AND COMMUNITY HEALTH / 187 / CHAPTER 17: FAMILY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH / 306
INDIVIDUAL HEALTH / 188
Concept of Individuality / 188
Concept of Holism / 188 / HOLISM AND NURSING PRACTICE / 868
Concept of Homeostasis / 188 / STRESS, ANXIETY, AND ADAPTATION / 445
Assessing the Health of Individuals / 190
FAMILY HEALTH / 190 /

FAMILY HEALTH

/ 307
Functions of the Family / 191 /

Family Roles and Functions

/ 308
Types of Families in Today’s Society / 191 / Family Structure / 307
NURSING MANAGEMENT / 192
APPLYING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS TO INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES / 196
Needs Theories / 196 / NEEDS AND HEALTH / 268
Developmental Stage Theories / 198 / Family Development Theories / 309
Systems Theories / 198
Structural-Functional Theories / 199
COMMUNITY HEALTH / 199 / COMMUNITY HEALTH / 313
NURSING MANAGEMENT / 199

CHAPTER 13: CULTURE AND ETHNICITY

/ 203 /

CHAPTER 20: CULTURAL DIVERSITY

/ 387
NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY APPROPRIATE SERVICES IN HEALTH CARE / 206
Demographic Change / 207 / Multiculturalism in the United States / 390
Immigration / 207
CULTUTRALCARE NURSING / 207 / Transcultural Nursing / 400
CONCEPTS RELATED TO CULTURALCARE NURSING / 207 / CONCEPTS OF CULTURE / 388
Subculture / 208
Bicultural / 208
Diversity / 208 / Value of Diversity / 390
Acculturation / 208 / Dominant Values in the United States / 389
Assimilation / 208 / Dominant Values in the United States / 389
Race / 208 / Ethnicity and Race / 388
Prejudice / 208
Stereotyping / 208 / Labeling and Stereotyping / 389
Discrimination / 209
Culture Shock / 209
HERITAGE CONSISTENCY / 209
Culture / 209 / Culture / 388
Ethnicity / 209 / Ethnicity and Race / 388
Religion / 209 / Religion / 397
Socialization / 210
HEALTH TRADITIONS / 210
Interrelated Aspects / 210
Symbolic Examples / 211
SELECTED PARAMETERS FOR CULTURALCARE NURSING / 211 / Assessment / 404
Health Beliefs and Practices / 211 /

Religion

/ 397
Family Patterns / 212 /

Family

/ 396
Communication Style / 213 / Communication / 391
Space Orientation / 214 / Space / 391
Time Orientation / 215 / Orientation to Time / 391
Nutritional Patterns / 215
PROVIDING CULTURALCARE / 215 / CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND NURSING PROCESS / 403
NURSING MANAGEMENT / 215 / CULTURAL COMPETENCE AND NURSING PROCESS / 403
CHAPTER 14: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE HEALING MODALITITES / 223 / CHAPTER 31: COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MODALITIES / 864
CULTURE AND THE EVOLUTION OF TERMS / 224 / * / 865
CAM USE IN THE UNITED STATES / 224 / CONTEMPORARY TRENDS / 867
CONCEPTS OF HOLISM AND HOLISTIC NURSING / 225 / HOLISM AND NURSING PRACTICE / 868
CONCEPTS OF HEALING / 226 / The Nature of Healing / 869
Dossey’s Eras of Medicine / 226
The Bodymind or Minded Body / 226 / Mind-Body Medicine and Research / 868
HEALING MODALITIES / 227 / COMPLEMENTARY ANDALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONS / 869
Touch Therapies / 227 /

Energetic-Touch Healing

/ 872
Mind-Body Therapies / 229 / Mind-Body: Self-Regulatory Techniques / 869
Aromatherapy / 234 /

Aromatherapy

/ 883
Transpersonal Therapies / 235 /

Healing Prayer

/ 878
ALTERNATIVE MEDICAL THERAPIES / 235 / COMPLEMENTARY/ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONS / 869
Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine / 235 / Acupuncture / 875
Chiropractic / 236 / Chiropractic / 872
Herbal Medicine / 236 / Herbal Therapy / 880
Homeopathy / 236
Naturopathy / 238

UNIT 4: THE NURSING PROCESS

/ 243 / UNIT II: NURSING PROCESS: THE STANDARD OF CARE / 77
CHAPTER 15: CRITICAL THINKING AND THE NURSING PROCESS / 244 / CHAPTER 5: CRITICAL THINKING AND THE NURSING PROCESS / 84
CRITICAL THINKING / 245 / CRITICAL THINKING / 85
SKILLS IN CRITICAL THINKING / 246 / Development of Critical Thinking Skills / 86
ATTITUDES THAT FOSTER CRITICAL THINKING / 247 /

Attitudes

/ 86
Independence of Thought / 247
Fair-Mindedness / 247 /

Attitudes

/ 86
Insight into Egocentricity and Sociocentricity / 247
Intellectual Humility and Suspension of Judgment / 247
Intellectual Courage / 247
Integrity / 248
Perseverance / 248
Confidence in Reason / 248
Interest in Exploring Both Thoughts and Feelings / 248
Curiosity / 249
STANDARDS AND ELEMENTS OF CRITICAL THINKING / 249 / Components of Critical Thinking / 85
APPLYING CRITICAL THINKING TO NURSING PRACTICE / 249 / CRITICAL THINKING APPLIED IN NURSING / 96
Problem Solving / 250 / Critical Thinking and Problem Solving / 88
Decision Making / 251 / Critical Thinking and Decision Making / 88
DEVELOPING CRITICAL-THINKING ATTITUDES AND SKILLS / 252 / Development of Critical Thinking Skills / 86
Self-Assessment / 253 / Development of Critical Thinking Skills / 86
Tolerating Dissonance and Ambiguity / 253 / Development of Critical Thinking Skills / 86
Seeking Situations Were Good Thinking Is Practiced / 253 / Development of Critical Thinking Skills / 86
Creating Environments that Support Critical Thinking / 253 / Development of Critical Thinking Skills / 86

CHAPTER 16: ASSESSING

/ 256 /

CHAPTER 6: ASSESSMENT

/ 98
OVERVIEW OF THE NURSING PROCESS / 257 / Overview of the Nursing Process / 89
Phases of the Nursing Process / 257 / THE NURSING PROCESS / 89
Characteristics of the Nursing Process / 257 / Overview of the Nursing Process / 89
ASSESSING / 261 /

CHAPTER 6: ASSESSMENT

/ 98
COLLECTING DATA / 261 / DATA COLLECTION / 100
Types of Data / 262 / Types of Data / 101
Sources of Data / 264 / Sources of Data / 101
Data Collection Methods / 265 / Methods of Data Collection / 102
ORGANIZING DATA / 269 / DATA ORGANIZATION / 107
Nursing Conceptual Models / 269 /

Nursing Models

/ 107
Wellness Models / 272
Nonnursing Models / 272 /

Nonnursing Models

/ 108
VALIDATING DATA / 274 / DATA VERIFICATION / 107
DOCUMENTING DATA / 274 / DATA DOCUMENTATION / 109

CHAPTER 17: DIAGNOSING

/ 277 /

CHAPTER 7: NURSING DIAGNOSIS

/ 119
NANDA NURSING DIAGNOSES / 278 / WHAT IS A NURSING DIAGNOSIS? / 120
Definitions / 279 / WHAT IS A NURSING DIAGNOSIS? / 120
Types of Nursing Diagnoses / 279 / CATEGORIES OF NUSING DIAGNOSES / 126
Components of a NANDA Nursing Diagnosis / 279 / COMPONENTS OF A NURSING DIAGNOSIS / 125
THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS / 281 / COMPONENTS OF A NURSING DIAGNOSIS / 125
Analyzing Data / 282 / Overview of the Nursing Process / 89
Identifying Health Problems, Risks, and Strengths / 283 / CATEGORIES OF NURSING DIAGNOSES / 126
FORMULATING DIAGNOSTIC STATEMENTS / 285 / Writing the Nursing Diagnosis Statement / 130
Avoiding Errors in Diagnostic Reasoning / 288 / AVOIDING ERRORS IN DEVELOPING A NURSING DIAGNOSIS / 130
ONGOING DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING OBJECTIVES / 289

CHAPTER 18: PLANNING

/ 292 / CHAPTER 8: PLANNING AND OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION / 136
TYPES OF PLANNING / 293 / Planning Nursing Interventions / 143
Initial Planning / 293 / Planning Nursing Interventions / 143
Ongoing Planning / 293 / Planning Nursing Interventions / 143
Discharge Planning / 294 / Planning Nursing Interventions / 143
DEVELOPING NURSING CARE PLANS / 294 / PLAN OF CARE / 141
Standardized Approaches to Care Planning / 294 / STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE CARE PLANNING / 148
Formats for Nursing Care Plans / 296 / STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE CARE PLANNING / 148
Multidisciplinary (Collaborative) Care Plans / 298 /

Categories of Nursing Interventions