Which Comment Would Have Most Likely Come from a Concrete Operational Thinker?

Which comment would have most likely come from a concrete operational thinker?

a. / “I am not going to die because I sleep under the covers where the Bogeyman can’t get me.”
b. / “Grandpa is dead, but he’ll come to visit us next week.”
c. / “Even though I can’t imagine what death is like, it must be wonderful.”
d. / “When you’re dead, you’re dead.”

Hank has just been informed that he is a diabetic. As a knowledgeable physician, he realizes that his risk for developing _____ has also increased.

a. / macular degeneration
b. / cataracts
c. / retinopathy
d. / glaucoma

In the country of Felixville, when someone’s spouse dies, it is expected that the living spouse will walk around with a cat on top of their head for a week. In this country, the behavior would be considered

a. / normal grieving.
b. / psychotic.
c. / amourning ritual.
d. / passive bereavement.

According to programmed cell death theory, aging is

a. / exclusively the result of interactions with a toxic environment.
b. / genetically determined.
c. / in an ideal world, men should live longer than women.
d. / only damaged cell are capable of self-destruction.

In the year 1900, the population distribution of the United States resembled a(n)

a. / rectangle.
b. / square.
c. / pyramid.
d. / upside down pyramid.

Lo is a member of an ethnic minority group in the United States. Given this, how is her longevity most likely to be negatively impacted?

a. / The fact that she is a female is a risk factor for reduced longevity.
b. / She likely has less access to quality medical care.
c. / Her diet will likely lack the amount of lead necessary for proper cell development.
d. / She is significantly more likely to have AIDS.

Your text suggests that you should _____ when explaining death to children.

a. / use euphemisms like “Grandma went away”
b. / be honest and supportive
c. / hide the reality of death
d. / be unemotional

After learning the E-I-E-I-O framework, Hugh uses rehearsal to recall his new student ID number. This would be an example of an ______memory aid.

a. / implicit-internal
b. / implicit-external
c. / explicit-internal
d. / explicit-external

While at a conference dealing with issues related to aging, Napster is interested in learning about how sleep patterns change in late life. She will be best served by attending a presentation entitled “_____ and the Elderly.”

a. / Circadian Rhythms
b. / Neuritic Plaques
c. / Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
d. / Selectivity

Which best explains the relationship between social supports, kinship, and bereavement?

a. / Social supports help buffer the impact of bereavement, and the type of kin who dies also impacts the bereavement reaction.
b. / Social supports help buffer the impact of bereavement, but the type of kin who dies has little impact on the bereavement reaction.
c. / Social supports cannot buffer the impact of bereavement, and the type of kin who dies also impacts the bereavement reaction.
d. / Social supports cannot buffer the impact of bereavement, and the type of kin who dies has little impact on the bereavement reaction.

Dr. Murray believes that depression results from an individual’s conscious focus on maladaptive beliefs about oneself. Given this information, Dr. Murray is most likely a _____ therapist.

a. / behavioral
b. / psychodynamic
c. / cognitive
d. / social learning theory

The loss of bladder or bowel control is called

a. / impotence.
b. / immobility.
c. / incontinence.
d. / impertinence.

Stacey has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. She is currently going to different doctors to determine whether her diagnosis is correct. Stacey is probably in the _____ stage of dying.

a. / depression
b. / anger
c. / denial
d. / bargaining

The general age-related pattern of creativity when defined by the overall number of ideas an individual is

a. / lower in one’s 30s, higher in one’s 40s, peaks thereafter.
b. / high in one’s 30s, higher in one’s 40s, peaks thereafter.
c. / lower in one’s 30s, higher in one’s 40s, declines thereafter.
d. / higher in one’s 30s, lower in one’s 40s, declines thereafter.

Elijah asks his doctor how long he can plan to live without any major medical problems or impairments. Elijah is asking about _____ life expectancy.

a. / maximum
b. / useful
c. / average
d. / modal

Women who are recently widowed tend to have _____ than recently widowed men.

a. / greater financial loss
b. / less social relationships
c. / more physical/health problems
d. / less loss of social status

Because he is a behavioral therapist, Dr. Spence is most likely to suggest that the underlying cause of depression involves

a. / an unconscious battle between the id and superego.
b. / an imbalance of neurotransmitters.
c. / a past life that includes too few rewards.
d. / a thought process that focuses only on negative memories.

After a series of strokes, Jerry is unable to recognize family members and has a very difficult time understanding his native language. The most probable diagnosis is

a. / Huntington’s disease.
b. / neuritic plaques.
c. / vascular dementia.
d. / presbycusis.

Which statement concerning elderly abuse is true?

a. / the abuser is typically a family member
b. / most victims are under age 80
c. / stress alone appears to the major trigger of abuse
d. / it tends to be a pattern that is transmitted from one generation to the next

How many of the following are part of the definition of spiritual support: seeking pastoral care, expressing faith in a God, participating in organized religious activities?

a. / 0
b. / 1
c. / 2
d. / 3

Which statement concerning sibling relationships is true?

a. / Brothers tend to maintain more frequent contacts, but sisters tend to have the strongest relationships.
b. / Sisters tend to maintain more frequent contacts, but brothers tend to have the strongest relationships.
c. / Brothers tend to maintain more frequent contacts and have the strongest relationships.
d. / Sisters tend to maintain more frequent contacts and have the strongest relationships.

After seeing a cat run over by a car, Felix says, “That thing is as dead as a cooked pig.” This provides an example of death as a(n)

a. / boundary.
b. / image.
c. / analogy.
d. / event.

Which individual is in need of the least amount of care?

a. / Andy, who lives in an intermediate care facility
b. / Candy, who lives in a skilled nursing care facility
c. / Randy, who lives in a hospital
d. / Sandy, who lives in an assisted living facility

Prior to entering a restaurant, Amy starts to shake, hyperventilate, and feel light-headed. She is too terrified to enter the restaurant. She turns around immediately and catches the first taxi back home. This behavior is most consistent with

a. / depression.
b. / Parkinson’s disease.
c. / anxiety disorders.
d. / Huntington’s disease.

Nobel, who has terminal cancer, has been in a depressed state for several weeks. The most effective way to help him move out of this stage would be to

a. / convince him to strike a bargain for his health.
b. / let him alone, since it usually passes within a month.
c. / have a frank, open discussion with him about his feelings.
d. / tell him that he is being selfish by denying his friends a chance to say good-bye to him.

26.

Cellular theory of aging is most focused on

a. / deterioration of cells over a lifetime.
b. / the number of chromosomes in a cell.
c. / the size of cells.
d. / the sudden death of cells in one system

Which is devastating for a parent?

a. / death of a child before birth
b. / death of a young child
c. / death of a young-adult child
d. / All of these events are devastating.

Bethany is now living in an environment where her life-threatening medical condition is monitored 24 hours a day. Bethany is most likely in a(n) _____ facility.

a. / age-integrated housing
b. / intermediate care
c. / skilled nursing care
d. / assisted living

In order to deal with the financial problems inherent to the current social security system, President Waldhart proposes that anyone making over $150,000 would receive no benefits. This solution best fits with a(n) _____ approach.

a. / adjusted cost of living
b. / means-test benefits
c. / privatization
d. / payroll tax

The feelings of distress experienced by parents following the death of a child tend to last

a. / about 2 years.
b. / about 10 years.
c. / about 20 years.
d. / a life-time.

Since he is the reigning Prince of England, William must attend formal gatherings nearly every day. Such gatherings represent

a. / proactivity.
b. / discontinuity.
c. / an environmental press.
d. / an example of competence.

Chris is a great-grandparent. It is most likely that Chris

a. / is a male.
b. / married relatively early in life.
c. / plays a role similar to that of most grandparents.
d. / is highly involved with the great-grandchildren.

Bernie hates being around his older relatives because their frailty reminds him that some day he will grow old and die. This belief best fits with the _____ approach to dying.

a. / death as an event
b. / terror management theory
c. / death as a mystery
d. / Kübler-Ross

How would the typical reaction to the death of a child differ for grandparents versus parents?

a. / The grandparents are more likely to attempt to hide their grief.
b. / The grandparents are more likely to use the event to consider their own mortality.
c. / The parents are more likely to recover from the loss faster.
d. / The parents are less likely to experience the emotion of guilt.

Eve is very close to her siblings, is very involved in their lives, and keeps an average level of contact with them. She does not resent or envy her siblings but, rather, thinks well of them. Eve's relationship with her siblings would best be described as

a. / intimate.
b. / loyal.
c. / congenial.
d. / apathetic.

Who is most likely to have the least number of new friends?

a. / Bud, who is 20-years-old
b. / Linnie, who is 40-years-old
c. / Stella, who is 60-years-old
d. / Miller, who is 80-years-old

The ability to exert control over one's life underlies a strong sense of

a. / docility.
b. / proactivity.
c. / environmental press.
d. / disengagement.

The only universal behavior change in aging that has been discovered is the fact that older adults

a. / show improvements in vigilance.
b. / exhibitdysphoria.
c. / lose autobiographical memories.
d. / have slower reaction times.

Visual adaptation involves the ability to adjust to changes in

a. / an object’s position.
b. / an object’s distance.
c. / illumination.
d. / acceleration.

Which is the best example of active euthanasia?

a. / withholding a lifesaving drug
b. / pulling the plug on a respirator
c. / not performing a potentially lifesaving surgery
d. / withdrawing an experimental drug that might prevent a disorder

If the programmed cell theory of aging is correct,

a. / people under stress should die sooner than those not under stress.
b. / a low fat diet should extend life.
c. / the elimination of free radicals should greatly extend life.
d. / humans are born with a “prewired death clock.”

When visiting your eye specialist you are informed that you have large opaque spots on the lens of your left eye. As a knowledgeable student you would know that this means that you have

a. / presbyopia.
b. / glaucoma.
c. / a cataract.
d. / myopia.

Which emotions are most common to an individual who is experiencing prolonged grief?

a. / relief and euphoria
b. / euphoria and guilt
c. / guilt and self-blame
d. / self-blame and relief

While talking to 75-year-old Harold, who is a new resident of the nursing home, nurse Maude, using a higher-pitched voice and slower voice speed, says, “Welcome Harold. You like your room? You like your food? That's good!” Maude’s conversation provides a good example of _____ speech.

a. / patronizing
b. / telegraphic
c. / instrumental
d. / holophrase

For older adults, the clear treatment of choice for anxiety disorders is

a. / psychotherapy.
b. / Librium.
c. / Valium.
d. / SSRIs.

In order to find a ballpark in a strange town, a player stops at a local gas station to get directions. The attendant tells the player, “Go to the stoplight, take a right, go two blocks, take a left, and the park will be a mile down the road on the left.” The player then gets in her car and tries to remember the directions while driving to the park. The player is demonstrating the use of

a. / working memory.
b. / psychomotor speed.
c. / cross-linking.
d. / transient ischemia.

Which would not be on a list of risk factors for residing in a nursing home?

a. / over age 85
b. / unmarried
c. / no problems with IADLs
d. / no children

An elderly individual with few cognitive or physical limitations but who sometimes requires help with everyday living needs would most likely live in

a. / a nursing home.
b. / intermediate care.
c. / skilled nursing care.
d. / an assisted living facility.

A pattern of full-time work, retirement, full-time-work, another retirement, provides a good example of _____ retirement.

a. / crisp
b. / social convoy
c. / skilled
d. / blurred

Concerning gender, ethnicity, and retirement,

a. / females tend to have a financial advantage at retirement.
b. / African American males are more financially disadvantaged than African American females.
c. / African American women experience more health problems following retirement.
d. / women are less likely to fully retire.