1
Table S1. Sexuality and reproductive mode of scleractinian corals. H = hermaphrodite, G = gonochoric, B = brooder, S = broadcast spawner, M = mixed sexual strategy, ? = sexuality or reproductive mode unknown. An asterisk indicates species used in the phylogenetic analyses, i.e., those appearing in the supertree and for which both sex and mode are known.
Family / Species / Sex / Reference(s) 1 / Mode / Reference(s) 1Acroporidae / * / Acropora abrotanoides / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Acropora abrolhosensis / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora aculeus / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Acropora acuminata / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Acropora anthocercis / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Acropora arabensis / H / [4] / S / [4]
* / Acropora aspera / H / [5] / S / [5]
* / Acropora austera / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Acropora carduus / H / [6] / S / [6]
* / Acropora cerealis / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora cervicornis / H / [7] / S / [7]
* / Acropora clathrata / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora cytherea / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora danai / H / [9] / S / [9]
* / Acropora dendrum / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Acropora digitifera / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acropora divaricata / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acropora donei / H / [9] / S / [9]
* / Acropora echinata / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora elseyi / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Acropora eurystoma / H / [11] / S / [11]
Acroporidae / * / Acropora florida / H / [5] / S / [5]
* / Acropora muricata / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora gemmifera / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora glauca / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora grandis / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acropora granulosa / H / [12] / S / [12]
* / Acropora hemprichii / H / [13] / S / [13]
* / Acropora horrida / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora humilis / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora hyacinthus / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora intermedia / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora latistella / H / [5] / S / [5]
* / Acropora listeri / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora longicyathus / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora loripes / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora lovelli / H / [14] / S / [14]
* / Acropora lutkeni / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora microclados / H / [9] / S / [9]
* / Acropora microphthalma / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora millepora / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora monticulosa / H / [15] / S / [15]
* / Acropora nana / H / [15] / S / [15]
* / Acropora nasuta / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora palmata / H / [7] / S / [7]
* / Acropora palmerae / H / [15] / S / [15]
* / Acropora papillarae / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Acropora pharaonis / H / [11] / S / [11]
* / Acropora polystoma / H / [14] / S / [14]
* / Acropora prolifera / H / [16] / S / [16]
* / Acropora pulchra / H / [8] / S / [8]
Acroporidae / * / Acropora robusta / H / [12] / S / [12]
* / Acropora samoensis / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acropora sarmentosa / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acropora secale / H / [12] / S / [12]
* / Acropora selago / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora solitaryensis / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acropora spathulata / H / [17] / S / [17]
* / Acropora spicifera / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora squarrosa / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora stoddarti / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora subglabra / H / [18] / S / [18]
* / Acropora subulata / H / [19] / S / [19]
* / Acropora surculosa / H / [20] / S / [20]
* / Acropora tenuis / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Acropora tortuosa / H / [5] / S / [5]
* / Acropora valenciennesi / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acropora valida / H / [8] / S / [8]
* / Acropora vaughani / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acropora verweyi / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Acropora willisae / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acropora yongei / H / [12] / S / [12]
* / Acropora (Isopora) brueggemanni / H / [21] / B / [21]
* / Acropora (Isopora) cuneata / H / [22] / B / [22]
* / Acropora (Isopora) palifera / H / [22] / B / [22]
* / Anacropora puertogalerae / H / [23] / S / [23]
* / Anacropora spinosa / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Astreopora gracilis / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Astreopora listeri / H / [15] / S / [15]
* / Astreopora myriophthalma / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Montipora aequituberculata / H / [10] / S / [10]
Acroporidae / * / Montipora altasepta / H / [23] / S / [23]
* / Montipora cactus / H / [23] / S / [23]
* / Montipora capricornis / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Montipora crassituberculata / H / [23] / S / [23]
* / Montipora danae / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Montipora digitata / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Montipora efflorescens / H / [15] / S / [15]
* / Montipora effusa / H / [24] / S / [24]
* / Montipora foliosa / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Montipora foveolata / H / [20] / S / [20]
* / Montipora gaimardi / H / [18] / S / [18]
* / Montipora grisea / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Montipora hirsuta / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Montipora hispida / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Montipora hoffmeisteri / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Montipora informis / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Montipora malampaya / H / [23] / S / [23]
* / Montipora mollis / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Montipora monasteriata / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Montipora peltiformis / H / [25] / S / [25]
* / Montipora samarensis / H / [23] / S / [23]
* / Montipora spumosa / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Montipora stellata / H / [23] / S / [23]
* / Montipora tortuosa / H / [25] / S / [25]
* / Montipora tuberculosa / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Montipora turgescens / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Montipora turtlensis / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Montipora venosa / H / [9] / S / [9]
* / Montipora verrucosa / H / [24] / S / [24]
Agariciidae / * / Agaricia agaricites / M / [26] / B / [27]
Agariciidae / * / Agaricia fragilis / M / [28] / ?
* / Agaricia humilis / M / [29] / B / [27]
Agaricia tenuifolia / ? / B / [30]
Coeloseris mayeri / G / [1] / S / [1]
Gardineroseris planulata / M / [31] / S / [31]
* / Leptoseris explanata / G / [2] / S / [2]
* / Pachyseris foliosa / G / [18] / S / [18]
* / Pachyseris rugosa / G / [3] / S / [3]
* / Pachyseris speciosa / G / [3] / S / [3]
* / Pavona cactus / G / [32] / S / [32]
* / Pavona chiriquiensis / M / [33] / S / [33]
* / Pavona clavus / G / [34] / S / [34]
* / Pavona gigantea / M / [31] / S / [31]
* / Pavona varians / M / [33] / S / [33]
Astrocoeniidae / * / Stephanocoenia michelinii / G / [35] / S / [35]
* / Stephanocoenia intersepta / M / [36] / S / [36]
Stylocoeniella armata / H / [1] / S / [1]
* / Madracis decactis / H / [37] / B / [37]
* / Madracis formosa / H / [37] / B / [37]
* / Madracis myriaster / H / [38] / B / [38]
* / Madracis pharensis / H / [37] / B / [37]
* / Madracis senaria / H / [37] / B / [37]
Caryophylliidae / Caryophyllia ambrosia ambrosia / H / [39] / S / [39]
Caryophyllia cornuformis / H / [39] / S / [39]
Caryophyllia cyathus / ? / B / [40]
Caryophyllia seguenzae / H / [39] / S / [39]
* / Caryophyllia smithii / G / [41] / S / [41]
Goniocorella dumosa / G / [42] / S / [42]
Heterocyathus aequicostatus / G / [43] / S / [43]
Hoplangia durotrix / H / [44] / ?
Caryophylliidae / * / Lophelia pertusa / G / [45] / S / [45]
* / Paracyathus stearnsii / G / [46] / S / [46]
Phyllangia americana americana / G / [47] / ?
Solenosmilia variabilis / G / [42] / S / [42]
Dendrophylliidae / * / Astroides calycularis / H / [48] / B / [48]
* / Balanophyllia elegans / G / [49] / B / [49]
* / Balanophyllia europaea / H / [50] / B / [50]
Balanophyllia floridana / G / [47] / ?
Balanophyllia regia / ? / B / [51]
* / Cladopsammia rolandi / G / [52] / B / [52]
* / Dendrophyllia sp. / G / [53] / B / [53]
* / Enallopsammia rostrata / G / [42] / S / [42]
* / Heteropsammia cochlea / G / [43] / S / [43]
* / Leptopsammia pruvoti / G / [52] / B / [52]
Rhizopsammia minuta / ? / B / [54]
Trochopsammia togata / ? / B / [55]
Tubastrea aurea / ? / B / [56]
* / Tubastrea coccinea / H / [55] / B / [55]
Tubastrea diaphana / ? / B / [55]
* / Tubastrea faulkneri / G / [3] / B / [3]
Turbinaria bifrons / ? / S / [2]
Dendrophylliidae / * / Turbinaria frondens / G / [10] / S / [10]
* / Turbinaria mesenterina / G / [57] / S / [57]
Turbinaria radicalis / ? / S / [2]
* / Turbinaria reniformis / G / [10] / S / [10]
Euphyllidae / * / Catalaphyllia jardinei / G / [10] / S / [10]
* / Euphyllia ancora / G / [10] / S / [10]
* / Euphyllia divisa / G / [10] / S / [10]
Euphyllia glabrescens / ? / B / [58]
Euphyllia paraencora / ? / S / [59]
Euphyllidae / * / Physogyra lichtensteini / G / [10] / S / [10]
* / Plerogyra sinuosa / G / [1] / S / [1]
Faviidae / Australogyra zelli / H / [10] / S / [10]
Barabattoai amicorum / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Caulastrea furcata / H / [10] / S / [10]
Cladocora arbuscula / G / [47] / ?
Cladocora caespitosa / G / [60] / ?
Colpophyllia natans / H / [61] / S / [61]
* / Cyphastrea chalcidicum / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Cyphastrea microphthalma / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Cyphastrea ocellina / H / [56] / B / [62]
* / Cyphastrea serailia / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Diploastrea heliopora / G / [63] / S / [64]
* / Diploria labyrinthiformis / H / [26] / S / [26]
* / Diploria strigosa / H / [7] / S / [7]
* / Echinopora ashmorensis / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Echinopora gemmacea / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Echinopora horrida / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Echinopora lamellosa / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Echinopora pacificus / H / [9] / S / [9]
* / Favia favus / H / [65] / S / [65]
* / Favia fragum / H / [66] / B / [66]
* / Favia gravida / H / [67] / B / [67]
* / Favia helianthoides / H / [68] / S / [68]
* / Favia laxa / H / [15] / S / [15]
* / Favia lizardensis / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Favia matthaii / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Favia pallida / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Favia rotumana / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Favia speciosa / H / [9] / S / [9]
Faviidae / * / Favia stelligera / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Favia veroni / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Favites abdita / H / [69] / S / [69]
* / Favites chinensis / H / [9] / S / [9]
* / Favites complanata / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Favites flexuosa / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Favites halicora / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Favites pentagona / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Favites russelli / H / [15] / S / [15]
* / Goniastrea aspera / H / [70] / M / [70]
* / Goniastrea australensis / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Goniastrea edwardsi / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Goniastrea favulus / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Goniastrea palauensis / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Goniastrea pectinata / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Goniastrea retiformis / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Leptastrea purpurea / G / [9] / S / [9]
* / Leptastrea transversa / G / [1] / S / [1]
* / Leptoria phrygia / H / [69] / S / [69]
* / Manicina areolata / H / [47] / B / [71]
* / Montastrea annularis / H / [7] / S / [7]
* / Montastrea cavernosa / G / [7] / S / [7]
* / Montastrea curta / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Montastrea faveolata / H / [72] / S / [72]
* / Montastrea franksi / H / [72] / S / [72]
* / Montastrea magnistellata / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Montastrea valenciennesi / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Moseleya latistellata / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Oulastrea crispata / H / [73] / S / [73]
* / Oulophyllia bennettae / H / [68] / S / [68]
Faviidae / * / Oulophyllia crispa / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Platygyra acuta / H / [74] / S / [74]
* / Platygyra contorta / H / [9] / S / [9]
* / Platygyra daedalea / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Platygyra lamellina / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Platygyra pini / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Platygyra ryukyuensis / H / [9] / S / [9]
* / Platygyra sinensis / H / [5] / S / [5]
Plesiastrea versipora / ? / S / [15]
Flabellidae / * / Flabellum alabastrum / G / [75] / S / [75]
* / Flabellum angulare / G / [75] / S / [75]
* / Flabellum curvatum / G / [75] / B / [75]
* / Flabellum impensum / G / [75] / B / [75]
Flabellum japonicum / G / [76] / ?
* / Flabellum thouarsii / G / [75] / B / [75]
Fungiacyathidae / * / Monomyces rubrum / G / [77] / B / [77]
* / Fungiacyathus marenzelleri / G / [78] / S / [78]
Fungiidae / * / Ctenactis echinata / G / [18] / S / [18]
Ctenactis crassa / G / [53] / ?
* / Diaseris distorta / G / [79] / S / [79]
* / Fungia concinna / G / [10] / S / [10]
* / Fungia fungites / G / [10] / S / [10]
* / Fungia granulosa / G / [18] / S / [18]
* / Fungia horrida / G / [80] / S / [80]
* / Fungia paumotensis / G / [10] / S / [10]
* / Fungia repanda / G / [80] / S / [80]
Fungia scutaria / G / [81] / S / [81]
* / Heliofungia actiniformis / G / [1] / S / [10]
Herpolitha limax / G / [3] / ?
Podabacia crustacea / G / [3] / ?
Fungiidae / * / Polyphyllia novaehiberniae / G / [10] / S / [10]
Polyphyllia talpina / G / [3] / ?
* / Sandalolitha robusta / G / [3] / S / [3]
Meandrinidae / * / Dendrogyra cylindricus / G / [7] / S / [7]
* / Dichocoenia stellaris / G / [82] / S / [82]
* / Dichocoenia stokesi / M / [83] / S / [83]
* / Eusmilia fastigiata / G / [35] / B / [84]
Merulinidae / * / Hydnophora exesa / H / [85] / S / [85]
* / Hydnophora microconos / H / [5] / S / [5]
* / Hydnophora pilosa / H / [2] / S / [2]
Merulinidae / * / Hydnophora rigida / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Merulina ampliata / H / [3] / S / [3]
Paraclavarina triangularis / H / [3] / S / [3]
* / Scapophyllia cylindrica / H / [10] / S / [10]
Micrabaciidae / Letepsammia formosissima / ? / B / [76]
Mussidae / * / Acanthastrea echinata / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Acanthastrea hillae / H / [2] / S / [2]
* / Acanthastrea lordhowensis / H / [14] / S / [14]
Blastomussa wellsi / ? / S / [2]
* / Cynarina lacrymalis / H / [13] / S / [13]
Isophyllia sinuosa / ? / B / [26]
* / Lobophyllia corymbosa / H / [65] / S / [65]
* / Lobophyllia hemprichii / H / [10] / S / [10]
* / Lobophyllia pachysepta / H / [86] / S / [86]