NAME ______
Chapter 9: The Market Revolution
Focus
The westward movement and economic development
- American settlers streamed westward from the coastal states into the Midwest, Southwest, and Texas, seeking economic opportunity in the form of land to own and farm.
- The growth of railroads and canals helped the growth of an industrial economy and supported the westward movement of settlers.
- Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin led to the spread of the slavery-based “cotton kingdom” in the Deep South.
- American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against Mexican rule and a famous battle at the Alamo, in which a band of Texans fought to the last man against a vastly superior force. The Texans’ eventual victory over Mexican forces subsequently brought Texas into the United States.
- The American victory in the Mexican War during the 1840s led to the acquisition of an enormous territory that included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico.
Impact on the American Indians
- The belief that it was America’s “Manifest Destiny” to stretch from the Atlantic to the Pacific provided political support for territorial expansion.
- During this period of westward migration, American Indians were repeatedly defeated in violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers and forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands. They were either forced to march far away from their homes (the “Trail of Tears,” when several tribes were relocated from Atlantic Coastal states to Oklahoma) or confined to reservations.
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 1. Industrialization in the early 19th century led to all of the following except
A. specialization.
B. greater self-sufficiency.
C. lower prices for manufactured products.
D. widening differences between North and South.
____ 2. During the 1840s, the advantage that canals had over railroads was that shipping by canal was
A. faster.
B. cheaper.
C. more direct.
D. less affected by weather.
____ 3. The name of a man killed by an anti-Mormon mob in 1844 is
A. Black Hawk.
B. Brigham Young.
C. Joseph Smith.
D. John C. Frémont.
____ 4. "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight" referred to a boundary dispute between the United States and
A. Spain.
B. Mexico.
C. Great Britain.
D. the Sauk and Fox.
____ 5. Under Mexican rule, the main appeal Texas held for American settlers was
A. cheap land.
B. legalized slavery.
C. religious freedom.
D. government protection from Native Americans.
____ 6. Of the following, the man most in favor of seizing land from Mexico was
A. James K. Polk.
B. Daniel Webster.
C. John C. Calhoun.
D. Abraham Lincoln.
____ 7. The battle most responsible for winning Texas its freedom from Mexico took place
A. at the Alamo.
B. at Buena Vista.
C. near the Rio Grande.
D. near the San Jacinto River.
____ 8. The final borders of the lower 48 states were established in the
A. Gadsden Purchase.
B. annexation of Texas.
C. Webster-Ashburton Treaty.
D. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
____ 9. The inventor of a new rubber product that didn't freeze or melt was
A. Elias Howe.
B. Charles Goodyear.
C. Robert Fulton.
D. Samuel F. B. Morse.
____ 10. The inventor of a mechanical reaper that did the work of five farm workers was
A. John Deere.
B. I. M. Singer.
C. John C. Frémont.
D. Cyrus McCormick.
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 11. How many trails are shown on the map?
A. four
B. Five
C. six
D. seven
____ 12. Which trail ends in Salt Lake City?
A. Santa Fe Trail
B. Mormon Trail
C. Oregon Trail
D. Butterfield Trail
____ 13. What are the start and end points of the Old Spanish Trail?
A. Fort Hall and San Francisco
B. Nauvoo and Salt Lake City
C. Santa Fe and Los Angeles
D. Independence and Santa Fe
____ 14. In what territory is Santa Fe located?
A. Indian Territory
B. New Mexico Territory
C. Utah Territory
D. Unorganized territory
____ 15. Which two trails could travelers take west from Fort Hall?
A. Oregon Trail and Mormon Trail
B. Butterfield Trail and Old Spanish Trail
C. Mormon Trail and Santa Fe Trail
D. Oregon Trail and California Trail