BIG TOPICS

  • South Atlantic System – production of sugar, tobacco, rice, and other products for int’l consumption; harsh plantations worked by African slaves; mercantilism in effect – made Britain rich
  • Mercantilism – favorable balance of trade; specie; usage of Brit ships and ports; prohibition of direct colonial trade with Sp/Fr/Du; Nav Acts etc
  • Expansion of African slavery in North America (shaped by region/economics) – more brutal in Chesapeake/SC (tobacco, indigo, rice, etc.) esp following Bacon’s Reb
  • Salutary neglect
  • Monetary policy in the colonies (lack of paper money; printing of paper money in response; devaluation and economic issues as a result; rise of trade of labor/goods in some areas, particularly new england)
  • Conflicts over territorial expansion (with Indians, with representation, social class/economic status backcountry vs tidewater etc.)
  • The Middle Passage – Olaudah Equiano, woodcarving
  • Immigration to PA (Quaker and Scots-Irish and Germans/Swiss, in waves)
  • Dominion of New England (1686-9; James II asserting royal authority; Gov Andros; led to many Protestant rebellions; ended with William and Mary)
  • Glorious Revolution- Wm and Mary, 1689, bloodless coup, etc
  • Restoration Colonies founded by Charles II (Carolinas, NY, PA)
  • Stono Rebellion 1739 slaves lured to Spanish FL by promise of freedom; drumbeats
  • Seven Years’ War 1754-1763 (Euro name); led to British dominion of North America (loss of some sugar islands) and Pontiac’s Reb and Proc of 1763 and raising of taxes to pay for war, and Br patriotism and need for colonial self-sufficiency (quartering etc too)
  • Albany Congress 1754 – plan of union never passed; BF
  • Pontiac’s Rebellion 1763
  • Rise of secular govt’s to cope with religious diversity
  • Newton, Locke, and other Enlightenment thinkers- emphasis on rational thought; deism vs incorporation of Enlightenment with religion; example of Cotton Mather and smallpox inoculation (1721)
  • Print revolution (1690s-1720s) – new papers, magazines, etc. to spread Enlightenment and GA + growth of road systems
  • Great Awakening – Pietism, George Whitefield, Jon Edwards (originally Calvinist/Congregationalist—later broadened),Tennants, new/old lights, baptists, rise of idea that everyone had the power to think for themselves
  • Pontiac’s Rebellion (Proc of 1763)
  • Tribalization – disease, warfare, created new groupings of tribes
  • New England freehold system in peril – not enough land to pass down to children – coping mechanisms: birth control, moving west to gain more land, or growing higher-yield crops
  • Planter aristocracy
  • Gentility (Southern) and encouragement of “white united front” across social classes
  • African American forms and opportunities for community (music/culture, religious/spiritual beliefs, eventually keeping the Sabbath holy, family ties easier in some areas than others due to crops/economic factors and balanced sex ratio- always in danger of being split, though. Eventually they will marginally partake in the GA- discouraged at first in 1740s, but by 1760s there were hundreds of slave converts; later this will remove some justification for slavery and also lead to distinctive black forms of Prot Christianity)
  • Paxton Boys – 1763. After 1737 Land Swindle Indians reacted with violence. Scots-Irish demanded Indians be kicked out; Quakers refused. Paxton Boys were Scots-Irish in PA who massacred 20-some Indians (Conestoga). Governor John Penn tried to bring them to justice but a mob rose to defend the Paxton Boys (truce negotiated by BF). Prosecution failed for lack of witnesses. Left bad taste for colonists who thought the government was defending Indian rights at the expense of settlers’ interests.
  • Regulators – like Paxton Boys, this is the backcountry vs the eastern elite. Regulators in SC in 1763 demanded more courts, fairer taxes, and fairer representation. 1767 compromise. 1766 more radical Regulators arose in NC- backcountry famers’ land seized by creditors after an economic recession; Regs demanded lower legal fees and taxes and greater representation. May 1771 british troops defeat militia. Biggest hoopla since Bacon’s Reb and Colonial uprisings during GloRev.
  • Outcomes of Fr-Ind War: British patriotism, desire for political autonomy and economic independence
  • Changes (or lack thereof) for women (in the church and home) 118-119 are great.
  • Pressure for men to provide for kids/families
  • Rebellions:Bacon’s 1676, Stono 1739, Pontiac’s 1763-4

BIG TOPICS

  • Mercantilism/Economic issues
  • Monetary policy in the colonies
  • Salutary neglect
  • South Atlantic System
  • Expansion of African slavery
  • The Middle Passage
  • Stono Rebellion
  • forms and opportunities for community
  • marginally partake in the Great Awakening
  • Territorial expansion
  • Restoration Colonies founded by Charles II (Carolinas, NY, PA)
  • Immigration to PA (Quaker and Scots-Irish and Germans/Swiss, in waves)
  • Rise of religious diversity, toleration, conflict
  • Rise of secular govt’s to cope with religious diversity
  • Dominion of New England
  • Glorious Revolution- Wm and Mary, 1689, bloodless coup, etc
  • French and Indian/Seven Years’ War
  • Albany Congress
  • Pontiac’s Rebellion
  • Proc. of 1763
  • Outcomes of Fr-Ind War
  • Enlightenment
  • Print revolution
  • Great Awakening
  • Tribalization
  • New England landowning issues
  • Southern social issues
  • Planter aristocracy
  • Gentility (Southern)
  • Encouragement of “white united front” across social classes
  • Rebellions
  • Bacon, Stono, Pontiac
  • Paxton Boys
  • Regulators
  • Changes (or lack thereof) for women
  • Pressure for men to provide