Food & Digestion Study Guide

Food & Digestion Study Guide

·  Bile is produced by the liver

·  Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream; this does NOT take place in the mouth

·  Based on the MyPyramid Plan, grains, vegetables, and milk should be eaten in the greatest amounts for a healthy diet

·  The portion of a food label that describes how the nutritional content of a food fits into a diet of 2,000 Calories a day is called the Percent Daily Value

·  Waste materials are prepared for elimination from the body in the rectum

·  Fiber is NOT a nutrient

·  Amino acids are linked together chemically to form molecules of protein

·  A substance that speeds up chemical reactions in the body is called an enzyme

·  The nutrients that provides the highest amount of energy are fats

·  A simple carbohydrate that serves a major source of energy for your body is glucose

·  Liver: produces bile

·  Gallbladder: stores bile

·  Pancreas: produces enzymes that flow into the small intestines

·  Rectum: structure in which waste material is compressed into solid form

·  Anus: solid wastes exit the body through this opening

·  Bile: breaks up fat molecules

·  Villus: tiny finger-shaped structure in the small intestines

·  Cholesterol is a waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal products

·  A vitamin acts as a helper molecule in many chemical reactions in the body

·  Fiber is a useful complex carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by your body

·  The sugar glucose is a major source of energy for your body’s cells

·  A protein is a nutrient that contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

·  A mineral is a nutrient not made by living things

·  The percent daily value shows how the nutritional content of one serving fits into the recommended diet of a person who consumes 2,000 calories per day

·  Nutrients provide two things that are necessary for body processes. What are these two things?

o  Nutrients provide the raw materials and energy necessary for the body to carry out all essential processes

·  Explain the difference between mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.

o  In mechanical digestion, food is physically broken down into smaller pieces. In chemical digestion, chemicals made by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks

·  What happens to the water contained in the materials that pass into the large intestines?

o  The water is absorbed in the bloodstream

·  Digestive System

o  Three main functions

§  Break down food

§  Absorb food molecules into blood

§  Eliminate wastes

o  Food enters the mouth moves through the esophagus into the stomach

·  The six nutrients necessary for human health are

o  Carbohydrates which are simple or sugars & complex

o  Fats can be unsaturated or saturated

o  Proteins are made of long chains of amino acids

o  Vitamins are needed in small amounts

o  Minerals are needed in small amounts

o  Water is the most important nutrient because its needed for all body processes