NUMBYism: Public Risk perception and attitude toward Shale gas development-evidence from China

Huimin Tan, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,

Jianhua Xu, Peking University,

Gabrielle Wong-Parodi, Carnegie Mellon University,

Overview

The availability of advanced technologies such as hydraulic fracking has intensified interest by scientists, industries, and governments in the shale gas development and extraction. Despite of a crucial role that shale gas plays in the energy mix, potential environmental risks and health impacts of shale gas extraction have received broad attention in both Europe and the United States. There have been several fierce protests against hydraulic fracking led by local residents in regions rich in shale gas resources. Such type of opposition from local residents essentially reflects the influence of a “NUMBY” (Not under my backyard) sentiment. In contrast to the western world, public discourse regarding the acceptance of shale gas extraction projects has so far been rather sparse in China due to political and economic reasons. Little is known about specific risk perceptions and attitudes of Chinese residents exposed to various risks associated with shale gas development. The present study extends existing research on the “NUMBY” phenomenon by exploring the public acceptance and risk perception of shale gas through in-depth interviews with local residents in Weiyuan, Sichuan, which represents the largest shale gas reserve in China.

This paper begins with a review of previous research concerning “NUMBY” conflicts toward different technologies and public risk perception regarding shale gas extraction. Hypotheses are then developed. Next, the interview protocol and coding process are described, and the results are then presented. Finally, the findings are discussed and policy implications are suggested.

Methods

In depth semi-structured interviews adapted based upon mental model approach.

Results

Interviewees indicated the greatest risk judgments for underground water contamination and seismic hazards.

Both perceived risks and perceived benefits had strongest influence on oppositions agaisnt shale gas extraction, the latter of which was found also related to institutional trust and lived experience.

The proximity to shale gas wells is positively correlated with on oppositions agaisnt shale gas development.

Conclusions

This study represents the first detailed Chinese public survey of risk perception and attitudes toward shale gas development. An attitude of “NUMBY” was observed among interviewed residents. The findings can inform policy makers of the target audiences for risk communication more precisely and thereby improve the effectiveness of shale gas related risk communication.

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