STATISTICS

TOPIC OUTLINE

I. Descriptive Statistics
A.  Methods of summarizing data
i. Frequency Distribution
ii. Graphical presentation
iii. Distribution shapes
B. Measure of central tendency
i. Mean, median, mode, midrange
ii. Summation notation and introductory formulae
C. Measure of dispersion
i. Range
ii. Variance and standard deviation
iii. Summation notation and formulae
iv. Interpretation of dispersion
v. Instructions in the use of hand calculators and computers
D. Measure of position
i. Z scores
ii. Percentiles
II. Probability
A. Introduction
i. Basic terminology, definitions and notation
ii. Addition and multiplication rules
iii. Complementary events
iv. Permutations and combinations
B. Probability distributions
i. Discrete and continuous random variables
ii. Mean, variance and expectation
iii. Gambling as an application
C. Binomial probability
i. Binomial formula
ii. Mean and standard deviation
iii. Practical applications
D. Normal distribution
i. Meaning of scores
ii. Area under the normal curve
iii. Use of z tables
iv. Central Limit Theorem
v. Applied problems
III. STATISTICAL INFLUENCE
A. Definition of hypothesis
i. Formulation of null and research hypothesis
ii. Type I and II errors
iii. Level of significance / B. Testing procedures
i. One and two tailed tests
ii. Determination of critical values
iii. Statistical decisions (summarizing the results of an experiment)
C. Sample tests of significance
i. Mean
ii. Proportion
D. Estimates and sample sizes
i. Confidence intervals for mean, proportions
ii. Determination of sample size
iii. Relationship between hypothesis test and confidence intervals
E. Two samples tests of significance
i. Dependent means (matched pairs)
ii. Independent means
iii. Proportions
IV. CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
A. Linear Correlation
i. Scatter diagrams
ii. Correlation coefficient, calculation and interpretation
B. Linear regression
i. Method of least squares
ii. Equation and use of regression lines
V. CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION
A. Multinomial problems
B. M by N Contingency tables
VI. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
A. Variance between samples and variance within samples
B. Interpretation of results
VII. NONPARAMETRIC METHODS
A. Advantages and drawbacks
B. Sign test
C. Runs test for random
VIII. ADDITIONAL TOPICS
A. Sampling procedures
B. Experimental design