electronic supplementary material
Promoting sustainability in emerging economies via life cycle thinking
Life cycle assessment in the furniture industry: the case study of an office cabinet
Diego Lima Medeiros1 • Arilma Oliveira do Carmo Tavares2 • Áurea Luiza Quixabeira Rosa e Silva Rapôso3 • Asher Kiperstok4
Received: 30 December 2015 / Accepted: 29 June 2017
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017
Responsible editor: Shabbir Gheewala
1Industrial Engineering Graduate Program (PEI) at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA),
Aristides Novis Street 2 (6° floor) Federação, 40210-630, Salvador-BA, Brazil
2National Service of Industrial Learning (SENAI CIMATEC), Orlando Gomes Avenue 1845 Piatã, 41650-010, Salvador-BA, Brazil
3Design Research Center at the Federal Institute of Alagoas (NPDesign-IFAL), Odilon Vasconcelos Street 103 Jatiúca, 57035-350, Maceió-AL, Brazil
4Clean Technologies Network (TECLIM) at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Aristides Novis Street 2 (4° floor) Federação, 40210-630, Salvador-BA, Brazil
Diego Lima Medeiros
Table A1 (part 1) Inventory datasets of the manufacturing step of the office cabinet
Manufacturing stages / Ecoinvent dataset / SourceCutting
Input
MDP / Particle board, for indoor use {BR}| particle board production, for indoor use, from virgin wood | Alloc Rec, S / Silva et al. (2013) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2014)
Electricity / Electricity, low voltage {BR}| market for | Alloc Rec, S / Frischknecht et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Output
Cut pieces / - / Internal flow
Leftovers / - / Co-product used cut-off allocation for base scenario
Sawdust / - / Co-product used cut-off allocation for base scenario
Particulates < 2.5 µm, airIndoor
Table A1 (part 2) Inventory datasets of the manufacturing step of the office cabinet
Manufacturing stages / Ecoinvent dataset / SourceTaping
Input
Cut pieces / - / Internal flow
Electricity / Electricity, low voltage {BR}| market for | Alloc Rec, S / Frischknecht et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
PVC tape / Polyvinylidenchloride, granulate {RoW}| production | Alloc Rec, S; Injection moulding {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S / Hischier (2007) for both processes
Glue / Polyester resin, unsaturated {RoW}| production | Alloc Rec, S / Althaus et al. (2007)
Soap / Soap {RoW}| production | Alloc Rec, S / Zah and Hischier (2007)
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Output
Taped pieces / -
Waste tape / Waste plastic, mixture {RoW}| treatment of waste plastic, mixture, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2009)
Table A1 (part 3) Inventory datasets of the manufacturing step of the office cabinet
Manufacturing stages / Ecoinvent dataset / SourceMachining
Input
Taped pieces / - / Internal flow
Electricity / Electricity, low voltage {BR}| market for | Alloc Rec, S / Frischknecht et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Output
Machined pieces / - / Internal flow
Sawdust / - / Co-product used cut-off allocation for base scenario
Particulates < 2.5 µm, airIndoor
Cleaning
Input
Machined pieces / - / Internal flow
Cotton towel / Textile, knit cotton {GLO}| textile production, knit cotton, yarn dyed | Alloc Rec, S / Cotton Incorporated (2012)
RAZ water solvent / Solvent, organic {GLO}| production | Alloc Rec, S / Hischier (2007)
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Table A1 (part 4) Inventory datasets of the manufacturing step of the office cabinet
Manufacturing stages / Ecoinvent dataset / SourceCleaning
Output
Cleaned pieces / -
Waste cotton towel / Municipal solid waste {RoW}| treatment of, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2009)
Assembling
Input
Cleaned pieces / - / Internal flow
Plastic pieces / Polyethylene, high density, granulate {RoW}| production | Alloc Rec, S + Injection moulding {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S / Hischier (2007) for both processes
Metal pieces / Reinforcing steel {RoW}| production | Alloc Rec, S; Metal working, average for steel product manufacturing {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, S / Classen et al. (2009); Steiner and Frischknecht (2007)
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Output
Office cabinet / - / Internal flow
Table A1 (part 5) Inventory datasets of the manufacturing step of the office cabinet
Manufacturing stages / Ecoinvent dataset / SourcePackaging
Input
Office cabinet / - / Internal flow
Paperboard / Corrugated board box {RoW}| production | Alloc Rec, S
Plastic / Packaging film, low density polyethylene {RoW}| production | Alloc Rec, S
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Output
Packaged office cabinet / - / Product
Note: The datasets of the manufacturing step of BS, T1, T2, T3, T4, LF, CO, and RW used ecoinvent database Alloc Rec. The RW scenario differs from those in MDP production, as the wooden inputs are secondary materials and no environmental load was considered using a cut-off rule, named Alloc Rec (Wernet et al. 2016). The datasets of the scenarios IS-w, IS-d, and RI differ from the remaining in ecoinvent database with allocation at the point of substitution, named Alloc Def (Wernet et al. 2016).
Table A2 Inventory datasets of the use and post-use steps of the office cabinet treated by incineration
Use and post-use steps / Ecoinvent dataset / SourceInput
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Output
Wooden material / Waste bitumen sheet {RoW}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Rec, S (10%); Waste wood, untreated {CH}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Rec, S (90%) / Doka (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016); Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Glue / Waste bitumen sheet {RoW}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
PVC tape / Waste polyvinylchloride {RoW}| treatment of waste polyvinylchloride, municipal incineration | Alloc Rec, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Metal pieces / Scrap steel {CH}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2007)
Plastic pieces / Waste polyethylene {RoW}| treatment of waste polyethylene, municipal incineration | Alloc Rec, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Package (paperboard) / Waste paperboard {RoW}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Rec, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Package (plastic film) / Waste polyethylene {RoW}| treatment of waste polyethylene, municipal incineration | Alloc Rec, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Note: The datasets of the use and post-use steps represent the scenarios BS, T1, T2, T3, T4 and RW that uses ecoinvent database Alloc Rec. The LF scenario (Table A3), as well as IS-d, IS-w and RI (Table A4), are presented afterward. The CO scenario has no waste treatment, as a cut-off rule was applied.
Table A3 Inventory datasets of the use and post-use steps of the office cabinet treated by landfill
Use and post-use steps / Ecoinvent dataset / SourceInput
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Output
Wooden material / Refinery sludge {RoW}| treatment of, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S (10%); Waste wood, untreated {RoW}| treatment of, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S (90%) / Doka (2009) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016) both processes
Glue / Waste bitumen {RoW}| treatment of, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2009) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
PVC tape / Waste polyvinylchloride {RoW}| treatment of waste polyvinylchloride, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2009) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Metal pieces / Scrap tin sheet {CH}| treatment of, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2009) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Plastic pieces / Waste polyethylene {RoW}| treatment of waste polyethylene, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2009) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Package (paperboard) / Waste paperboard {RoW}| treatment of, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2009)
Package (plastic film) / Waste polyethylene {RoW}| treatment of waste polyethylene, sanitary landfill | Alloc Rec, S / Doka (2009) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Rec, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Rec, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Rec, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Note: The datasets of the use and post-use steps represent LF scenario that uses ecoinvent database Alloc Rec.
Table A4 Inventory datasets of the use and post-use steps of the office cabinet treated by incineration with co-products
Use and post-use steps / Ecoinvent dataset / SourceInput
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Def, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Def, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Output
Wooden material / Waste bitumen sheet {RoW}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S (10%); Waste wood, untreated {CH}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S (90%) / Doka (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016); Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Glue / Waste bitumen sheet {RoW}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
PVC tape / Waste polyvinylchloride {RoW}| treatment of waste polyvinylchloride, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Metal pieces / Scrap steel {CH}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S / Doka (2007)
Plastic pieces / Waste polyethylene {RoW}| treatment of waste polyethylene, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Package (paperboard) / Waste paperboard {RoW}| treatment of, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Package (plastic film) / Waste polyethylene {RoW}| treatment of waste polyethylene, municipal incineration | Alloc Def, S / Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2016)
Truck / Transport, freight, lorry 28 metric ton, vegetable oil methyl ester 100% {RoW}| processing | Alloc Def, U (8%) adapted to Brazilian soy biodiesel Vegetable oil methyl ester {BR}| esterification of soybean oil | Alloc Def, S; Transport, freight, lorry, unspecified {GLO}| market for | Alloc Def, S (92%) / Kljun and Keller (2007) with biofuel from Dauriat and Gnansounou (2007); Spielmann et al. (2007) updated by Moreno-Ruiz et al. (2015)
Note: The datasets of the use and post-use steps represent IS-d, IS-w and RI scenarios that use ecoinvent database Alloc Def for consistency reasons as it expands the system boundary to count for credits of thermal use of wooden material to substitute heat from diesel (Heat, district or industrial, other than natural gas {RoW}| heat production, heavy fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1MW | Alloc Def, S), heat from hardwood (Heat, district or industrial, other than natural gas {RoW}| heat production, hardwood chips from forest, at furnace 1000kW, state-of-the-art 2014 | Alloc Def, S) or reuse of MDP, PVC tape, metal pieces and plastic pieces, respectively.
Table A5 Life Cycle Impact Assessment of the office cabinet (base scenario)
Impact category / Unit / Total / MDP / Further materials / Electricity / Transport / Manufacturing / WasteGW / kg CO2 eq / 1.22E+02 / 3.87E+01 / 32% / 9.55E+00 / 8% / 3.31E+00 / 3% / 4.91E+01 / 40% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 2.16E+01 / 18%
OD / kg CFC-11 eq / 1.60E-05 / 5.45E-06 / 34% / 2.32E-06 / 15% / 3.13E-07 / 2% / 7.68E-06 / 48% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.88E-07 / 1%
HT-n / CTUh / 2.56E-05 / 1.09E-05 / 43% / 2.78E-06 / 11% / 1.26E-06 / 5% / 8.18E-06 / 32% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 2.47E-06 / 10%
HT-c / CTUh / 6.04E-06 / 1.89E-06 / 31% / 2.00E-06 / 33% / 1.56E-07 / 3% / 1.56E-06 / 26% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 4.33E-07 / 7%
PM / kg PM 2.5 eq / 2.14E-01 / 1.10E-01 / 51% / 1.05E-02 / 5% / 2.25E-03 / 1% / 2.79E-02 / 13% / 6.13E-02 / 29% / 2.49E-03 / 1%
IR-h / kBq U235 eq / 6.66E+00 / 2.38E+00 / 36% / 4.74E-01 / 7% / 3.90E-01 / 6% / 3.29E+00 / 49% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.18E-01 / 2%
IR-e / CTUe / 3.54E-05 / 1.20E-05 / 34% / 1.68E-06 / 5% / 1.08E-06 / 3% / 2.01E-05 / 57% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 4.35E-07 / 1%
PO / kg NMVOC eq / 6.02E-01 / 2.27E-01 / 38% / 3.17E-02 / 5% / 7.59E-03 / 1% / 3.02E-01 / 50% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 3.45E-02 / 6%
AC / molc H+ eq / 8.76E-01 / 5.00E-01 / 57% / 5.49E-02 / 6% / 1.70E-02 / 2% / 2.75E-01 / 31% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 2.92E-02 / 3%
EU-t / molc N eq / 1.99E+00 / 6.80E-01 / 34% / 8.67E-02 / 4% / 2.95E-02 / 1% / 1.06E+00 / 53% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.33E-01 / 7%
EU-f / kg P eq / 1.72E-02 / 7.87E-03 / 46% / 3.02E-03 / 18% / 1.13E-03 / 7% / 4.59E-03 / 27% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 5.78E-04 / 3%
EU-m / kg N eq / 1.81E-01 / 4.51E-02 / 25% / 8.66E-03 / 5% / 2.66E-03 / 1% / 1.12E-01 / 62% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.27E-02 / 7%
ET-f / CTUe / 1.62E+03 / 2.41E+02 / 15% / 1.01E+02 / 6% / 1.34E+02 / 8% / 2.89E+02 / 18% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 8.53E+02 / 53%
LU / kg C deficit / 5.70E+02 / 2.58E+02 / 45% / 1.14E+01 / 2% / 8.97E+00 / 2% / 2.90E+02 / 51% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 2.44E+00 / 0%
WD / m3 water eq / 1.23E-01 / 6.78E-02 / 55% / 3.01E-02 / 25% / 5.79E-03 / 5% / 2.07E-03 / 2% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.68E-02 / 14%
RD / kg Sb eq / 6.63E-03 / 2.08E-03 / 31% / 2.15E-04 / 3% / 8.80E-05 / 1% / 4.21E-03 / 63% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 3.46E-05 / 1%
Source: ILCD 2011 methods package (EC 2012)
Table A6 Comparative environmental impacts of transport scenarios of the office cabinet life cycle
Impact category / Unit / Base scenario / T1 / T2 / T3 / T4GW / kg CO2 eq / 1.22E+02 / 62% / 1.97E+02 / 100% / 8.97E+01 / 46% / 7.76E+01 / 39% / 8.78E+01 / 45%
OD / kg CFC-11 eq / 1.60E-05 / 100% / 1.27E-05 / 80% / 1.09E-05 / 68% / 8.97E-06 / 56% / 1.06E-05 / 66%
HT-n / CTUh / 2.56E-05 / 100% / 5.11E-06 / 20% / 2.02E-05 / 79% / 1.82E-05 / 71% / 1.96E-05 / 76%
HT-c / CTUh / 6.04E-06 / 66% / 9.21E-06 / 100% / 5.01E-06 / 54% / 4.62E-06 / 50% / 4.92E-06 / 53%
PM / kg PM 2.5 eq / 2.14E-01 / 87% / 2.48E-01 / 100% / 1.96E-01 / 79% / 1.89E-01 / 76% / 1.97E-01 / 79%
IR-h / kBq U235 eq / 6.66E+00 / 100% / 5.69E+00 / 85% / 4.47E+00 / 67% / 3.66E+00 / 55% / 4.41E+00 / 66%
IR-e / CTUe / 3.54E-05 / 100% / 2.70E-05 / 76% / 2.20E-05 / 62% / 1.70E-05 / 48% / 2.14E-05 / 61%
PO / kg NMVOC eq / 6.02E-01 / 60% / 1.00E+00 / 100% / 4.02E-01 / 40% / 3.27E-01 / 33% / 4.15E-01 / 41%
AC / molc H+ eq / 8.76E-01 / 75% / 1.17E+00 / 100% / 6.93E-01 / 59% / 6.26E-01 / 54% / 7.41E-01 / 63%
EU-t / molc N eq / 1.99E+00 / 60% / 3.33E+00 / 100% / 1.29E+00 / 39% / 1.02E+00 / 31% / 1.34E+00 / 40%
EU-f / kg P eq / 1.72E-02 / 58% / 2.97E-02 / 100% / 1.42E-02 / 48% / 1.30E-02 / 44% / 1.41E-02 / 47%
EU-m / kg N eq / 1.81E-01 / 38% / 4.75E-01 / 100% / 1.07E-01 / 22% / 7.91E-02 / 17% / 1.10E-01 / 23%
ET-f / CTUe / 1.62E+03 / 76% / 2.13E+03 / 100% / 1.43E+03 / 67% / 1.35E+03 / 64% / 1.40E+03 / 66%
LU / kg C deficit / 5.70E+02 / 31% / 1.84E+03 / 100% / 3.78E+02 / 21% / 3.06E+02 / 17% / 3.56E+02 / 19%
WD / m3 water eq / 1.23E-01 / 95% / 1.30E-01 / 100% / 1.21E-01 / 94% / 1.21E-01 / 93% / 1.21E-01 / 93%
RD / kg Sb eq / 6.63E-03 / 34% / 1.97E-02 / 100% / 3.84E-03 / 19% / 2.80E-03 / 14% / 3.43E-03 / 17%
Source: ILCD 2011 methods package (EC 2012)
Table A7 Comparative environmental impacts of post-use and cut-off rule scenarios of the office cabinet life cycle
Impact category / Unit / BS / LF / CO / RWGW / kg CO2 eq / 1.22E+02 / 100% / 1.11E+02 / 90% / 1.01E+02 / 82% / 7.15E+01 / 58%
OD / kg CFC-11 eq / 1.60E-05 / 100% / 1.60E-05 / 100% / 1.58E-05 / 99% / 8.13E-06 / 51%
HT-n / CTUh / 2.56E-05 / 100% / 3.52E-05 / 137% / 2.32E-05 / 91% / 1.73E-05 / 67%
HT-c / CTUh / 6.04E-06 / 100% / 5.73E-06 / 95% / 5.61E-06 / 93% / 4.43E-06 / 73%
PM / kg PM 2.5 eq / 2.14E-01 / 100% / 2.13E-01 / 99% / 2.12E-01 / 99% / 1.32E-01 / 62%
IR-h / kBq U235 eq / 6.66E+00 / 100% / 6.64E+00 / 100% / 6.54E+00 / 98% / 3.28E+00 / 49%
IR-e / CTUe / 3.54E-05 / 100% / 3.55E-05 / 100% / 3.49E-05 / 99% / 1.48E-05 / 42%
PO / kg NMVOC eq / 6.02E-01 / 100% / 5.78E-01 / 96% / 5.68E-01 / 94% / 2.71E-01 / 45%
AC / molc H+ eq / 8.76E-01 / 100% / 8.55E-01 / 98% / 8.47E-01 / 97% / 5.83E-01 / 67%
EU-t / molc N eq / 1.99E+00 / 100% / 1.88E+00 / 95% / 1.86E+00 / 93% / 8.80E-01 / 44%
EU-f / kg P eq / 1.72E-02 / 100% / 1.69E-02 / 98% / 1.66E-02 / 97% / 1.24E-02 / 72%
EU-m / kg N eq / 1.81E-01 / 100% / 2.01E-01 / 111% / 1.69E-01 / 93% / 6.51E-02 / 36%
ET-f / CTUe / 1.62E+03 / 100% / 1.20E+03 / 74% / 7.69E+02 / 48% / 1.33E+03 / 82%
LU / kg C deficit / 5.70E+02 / 100% / 5.80E+02 / 102% / 5.68E+02 / 100% / 1.76E+02 / 31%
WD / m3 water eq / 1.23E-01 / 100% / 1.08E-01 / 88% / 1.06E-01 / 86% / 1.19E-01 / 97%
RD / kg Sb eq / 6.63E-03 / 100% / 6.61E-03 / 100% / 6.59E-03 / 99% / 2.55E-03 / 39%
Source: ILCD 2011 methods package (EC 2012)
Table A8 Comparative global warming (GW-total) impact of transport, post-use and cut-off rule scenarios of the office cabinet life cycle. BS (reference) presents GW without biogenic carbon dioxide sequestration or emission
Impact category / Unit / Total / MDP / Further materials / Electricity / Transport / Manufacturing / WasteBS (reference) / kg CO2 eq / 1.22E+02 / 100% / 3.87E+01 / 32% / 9.55E+00 / 8% / 3.31E+00 / 3% / 4.91E+01 / 40% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 2.16E+01 / 18%
BS / kg CO2 eq / -2.91E+00 / -2% / -1.83E+02 / -150% / 9.30E+00 / 8% / 3.23E+00 / 3% / 4.87E+01 / 40% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.19E+02 / 97%
T1 / kg CO2 eq / 6.63E+01 / 54% / -1.83E+02 / -150% / 9.30E+00 / 8% / 3.23E+00 / 3% / 1.18E+02 / 96% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.19E+02 / 97%
T2 / kg CO2 eq / -3.52E+01 / -29% / -1.83E+02 / -150% / 9.30E+00 / 8% / 3.23E+00 / 3% / 1.64E+01 / 13% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.19E+02 / 97%
T3 / kg CO2 eq / -4.72E+01 / -39% / -1.83E+02 / -150% / 9.30E+00 / 8% / 3.23E+00 / 3% / 4.37E+00 / 4% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.19E+02 / 97%
T4 / kg CO2 eq / -3.71E+01 / -30% / -1.83E+02 / -150% / 9.30E+00 / 8% / 3.23E+00 / 3% / 1.45E+01 / 12% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.19E+02 / 97%
LF / kg CO2 eq / -1.11E+02 / -91% / -1.83E+02 / -150% / 9.30E+00 / 8% / 3.23E+00 / 3% / 4.87E+01 / 40% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.10E+01 / 9%
CO / kg CO2 eq / -1.22E+02 / -100% / -1.83E+02 / -150% / 9.30E+00 / 8% / 3.23E+00 / 3% / 4.87E+01 / 40% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.99E-02 / 0%
RW / kg CO2 eq / 1.98E+02 / 162% / 6.35E+01 / 52% / 9.30E+00 / 8% / 3.23E+00 / 3% / 2.59E+00 / 2% / 0.00E+00 / 0% / 1.19E+02 / 97%
Source: ILCD 2011 methods package (EC 2012) that uses IPCC (2007) 100 years for GWP, including biogenic carbon dioxide
Table A9 Comparative environmental impacts of substitution scenarios of the office cabinet life cycle
Impact category / Unit / BS / IS-w / IS-d / RIGW / kg CO2 eq / 1.22E+02 / 100% / 1.10E+02 / 90% / 1.94E+00 / 2% / 5.14E+01 / 42%
OD / kg CFC-11 eq / 1.60E-05 / 100% / 1.51E-05 / 94% / -5.47E-06 / -34% / 1.00E-05 / 63%
HT-n / CTUh / 2.56E-05 / 100% / -8.40E-06 / -33% / 1.96E-05 / 77% / 8.42E-06 / 33%
HT-c / CTUh / 6.04E-06 / 100% / 4.92E-06 / 81% / 5.27E-06 / 87% / 1.53E-06 / 25%
PM / kg PM 2.5 eq / 2.14E-01 / 100% / 1.54E-01 / 72% / 1.23E-01 / 57% / 8.62E-02 / 40%
IR-h / kBq U235 eq / 6.66E+00 / 100% / 5.69E+00 / 85% / -1.10E+00 / -17% / 3.80E+00 / 57%
IR-e / CTUe / 3.54E-05 / 100% / 3.10E-05 / 88% / -1.78E-05 / -50% / 2.13E-05 / 60%
PO / kg NMVOC eq / 6.02E-01 / 100% / 2.63E-01 / 44% / 3.16E-01 / 52% / 2.97E-01 / 49%
AC / molc H+ eq / 8.76E-01 / 100% / 5.83E-01 / 67% / -1.05E-01 / -12% / 2.72E-01 / 31%
EU-t / molc N eq / 1.99E+00 / 100% / 6.27E-01 / 32% / 1.18E+00 / 59% / 1.05E+00 / 53%
EU-f / kg P eq / 1.72E-02 / 100% / 1.01E-02 / 59% / 1.40E-02 / 82% / 5.38E-03 / 31%
EU-m / kg N eq / 1.81E-01 / 100% / 5.96E-02 / 33% / 1.07E-01 / 59% / 1.12E-01 / 62%
ET-f / CTUe / 1.62E+03 / 100% / 1.37E+03 / 84% / 1.38E+03 / 85% / 3.06E+02 / 19%
LU / kg C deficit / 5.70E+02 / 100% / 3.36E+01 / 6% / 2.67E+02 / 47% / 2.80E+02 / 49%
WD / m3 water eq / 1.23E-01 / 100% / 1.35E-01 / 110% / 1.07E-01 / 88% / 3.67E-02 / 30%
RD / kg Sb eq / 6.63E-03 / 100% / 6.18E-03 / 93% / 6.18E-03 / 93% / 4.05E-03 / 61%
Source: ILCD 2011 methods package (EC 2012)
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