Fig.S2 Radiation Exposure Inducedose-Dependent Change in Plasma of Cy2, Phe and Gln At

Figures

Fig. S1 Total ion chromatogram of amino acids by LC-MS/MS in the positive MRM scanning mode analysis in the control rat plasma (a) and the 8Gy irradiated rat plasma (b). The detail experimental procedure and conditions were described in the experimental section. The sample injection volume was 3 μL. Retention times of amino acids in (a): Trp, 21.7 min; His, 20.8 min; Arg, 2.5 min; Tyr, 5.6 min; Cy2, 2.3 min; Phe, 16.4 min; Ala, 2.6 min; Gln, 2.1 min; β-AIB, 15.8 min; Hyp, 1.7 min; Asn, 2.0 min; Glu, 2.1 min; Thr, 2.2 min; Leu, 14.9 min; Val, 4.2 min; Pro, 2.0 min; Ile, 12.9 min; Asp, 1.6 min; Gly, 2.4 min; Ser, 2.1 min; Lys, 21.7 min; Cit, 2.3 min; Nov, 4.2 min; Cre, 16.6min; Orn, 21.7min; Cys, 2.1 min.

Fig.S2 Radiation exposure inducedose-dependent change in plasma of Cy2, Phe and Gln at 5h after exposure.Comparisons of meannormalized concentrations among the five groups of exposed rats were made by one-way ANOVA withBonferroni correction and = 0.05. Error bars represent ± SD.* p < 0.05, ** p0.01 vs. 0Gy; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. 2Gy; p < 0.05,p < 0.01vs. 4Gy; $ p < 0.05, $$ p0.01vs. 6Gy.

Fig.S3(a)Non-linear PLS plot, (b) comparison between the predicted radiation doses and observed values and (c)validation plot obtained from 100 permutation testsbased on 5h plasma amino acids after radiation exposure.

Fig.S4(a)Non-linear PLS plot, (b) comparison between the predicted radiation doses and observed valuesand (c)validation plot obtained from 100 permutation testsbased on 24h plasma amino acids after radiation exposure.

Fig.S5Radiation exposure induce dose-dependent change in plasma of Cit, Hyp and Ser at 24h after exposure.Comparisons of mean normalized concentrations among the five groups of exposed rats were made by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and = 0.05. Error bars represent ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p0.01 vs. 0Gy; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. 2Gy; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 vs. 4Gy; $ p < 0.05, $$ p0.01 vs. 6Gy.

Fig.S6Radiation exposure induce dose-dependent change in plasma of Cit, Gly and Hyp at 72h after exposure.Comparisons of mean normalized concentrations among the five groups of exposed rats were made by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction and = 0.05. Error bars represent ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p0.01 vs. 0Gy; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. 2Gy; p < 0.05, p < 0.01 vs. 4Gy; $ p < 0.05, $$ p0.01 vs. 6Gy.

Table S1 Ion transitions for the amino acids, instrumentalparameters for their MS–MS detection in MRM scan mode.

Amino acids / Ion pairs for quantification（m/z） / Declusterin potential（eV） / Collision entrance potential（eV） / Collision energy（eV） / IS
Trp / 205.2/188.2 / 25 / 7.2 / 21 / Trp-d5
His / 156.1/110.1 / 30 / 18 / 23 / Phe-d5
Arg / 175.2/70.0 / 34 / 12 / 35 / Ala-d5
Tyr / 182.2/136.1 / 22.9 / 20 / 21.6 / Ala-d5
Cy2 / 241.1/120.1 / 29 / 21 / 27 / Ala-d5
Phe / 166.2/120.1 / 34 / 16.4 / 24 / Phe-d5
Ala / 90.1/90.1 / 32.4 / 8.7 / 7.8 / Ala-d5
Gln / 147.2/84.1 / 34 / 16 / 24 / Ala-d5
β-AIB / 104.0/86.0 / 33 / 11 / 12.4 / Phe-d5
Hyp / 132.1/86.1 / 35 / 19 / 21.6 / Ala-d5
Asn / 133.1/74.1 / 28 / 11 / 23 / Ala-d5
Glu / 148.1/84.1 / 28 / 13 / 18 / Ala-d5
Thr / 120.1/74.1 / 29 / 12 / 13 / Ala-d5
Leu / 132.1/86.1 / 22 / 16 / 16 / Leu-d3
Val / 118.1/72.2 / 17 / 8 / 15 / Ala-d5
Pro / 116.1/70.0 / 32 / 14 / 25 / Ala-d5
Ile / 132.1/86.2 / 21 / 17 / 19 / Leu-d3
Asp / 134.0/74.1 / 20 / 16 / 18 / Ala-d5
Gly / 75.8/75.8 / 20 / 10 / 15 / Ala-d5
Ser / 106.0/60.1 / 19 / 16 / 15 / Ala-d5
Lys / 147.1/84.1 / 28 / 8 / 25 / Lys-d4
Cit / 176.1/159.1 / 26 / 17 / 18 / Ala-d5
Nov / 118.1/72.2 / 17 / 10 / 16 / Ala-d5
Orn / 133.1/70.0 / 22 / 5.5 / 27 / Trp-d5
Cys / 122.0/76.0 / 29 / 13 / 20.5 / Ala-d5
Ala-d5 / 94.1/94.1 / 32.4 / 8.7 / 7.8 / /
Phe-d5 / 171.2/125.0 / 34 / 16.4 / 23 / /
Lys-d4 / 151.1/88.1 / 26 / 9 / 23 / /
Leu-d3 / 135.1/89.1 / 22 / 15 / 15 / /
Trp-d5 / 210.2/192.2 / 23 / 7.2 / 19 / /

Table S2Analytical characteristics of HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for plasma amino acids analysis.

Amino acids / Linear range
(µmol·L-1) / R2 / LOD
(µmol·L-1) / LLOQ
(µmol·L-1)
Trp / 1.25-62.5 / 0.9974 / 0.2 / 0.8
His / 12.5-500 / 0.9997 / 2.5 / 6.3
Arg / 125-500 / 0.9872 / 13.5 / 42.1
Tyr / 2.5-500 / 0.9983 / 0.8 / 1.25
Cy2 / 0.125-25 / 0.9998 / 0.03 / 0.08
Phe / 2.5-62.5 / 0.9991 / 0.1 / 0.5
Ala / 25-500 / 0.996 / 0.3 / 2.5
Gln / 62.5-500 / 0.9997 / 1.5 / 8.6
β-AIB / 0.125-62.5 / 0.9936 / 0.03 / 0.125
Hyp / 0.25-62.5 / 0.9967 / 0.05 / 0.25
Asn / 0.25-62.5 / 0.9942 / 0.03 / 0.10
Glu / 2.5-125 / 0.9968 / 0.5 / 0.8
Thr / 12.5-62.5 / 0.9996 / 1.5 / 5.0
Leu / 2.5-500 / 0.9999 / 0.5 / 1.0
Val / 2.5-62.5 / 0.9977 / 0.8 / 1.0
Pro / 1.25-125 / 0.9939 / 0.3 / 1.25
Ile / 2.5-62.5 / 0.9979 / 0.3 / 0.8
Asp / 0.25-125 / 0.9985 / 0.1 / 0.25
Gly / 25-125 / 0.9967 / 2.5 / 10
Ser / 2.5-125 / 0.9935 / 0.2 / 0.6
Lys / 12.5-500 / 0.9975 / 2.5 / 12.5
Cit / 1.25-62.5 / 0.9988 / 0.3 / 1.25
Nov / 0.0125-62.5 / 0.9979 / 0.005 / 0.0125
Cre / 1.25-25 / 0.9955 / 0.2 / 0.9
Orn / 12.5-500 / 0.9949 / 0.2 / 4.5
Cys / 2.5-62.5 / 0.9976 / 0.02 / 2.5

Table S3 Stability of the analytical method by assessing the RSD% for peak area and retain time in QC.

amino acids / RSD% for peak area / RSD% for
retain time
Trp / 5.0 / 1.3
His / 5.8 / 2.2
Arg / 8.2 / 1.2
Tyr / 3.0 / 2.0
Cy2 / 2.6 / 1.0
Phe / 5.3 / 2.1
Ala / 8.2 / 0.6
Gln / 7.8 / 0.4
β-AIB / 8.4 / 1.8
Hyp / 10.1 / 0.4
Asn / 6.9 / 0.4
Glu / 7.8 / 0.6
Thr / 8.4 / 0.4
Leu / 5.9 / 2.3
Val / 4.9 / 1.2
Pro / 9.0 / 0.3
Ile / 3.7 / 3.1
Asp / 11.9 / 0.7
Gly / 9.8 / 0.7
Ser / 9.9 / 0.2
Lys / 16.5 / 1.1
Cit / 9.3 / 0.7
Nov / 3.5 / 1.7
Cre / 5.3 / 2.0
Orn / 14.3 / 1.2
Cys / 13.0 / 1.4

Table S4 Recoveries and RSDs based on three different plasma samples.

Amino acids / Recoveries
Low / Medium / High
Plasma1 / Plasma 2 / Plasma 3 / RSD% / Plasma
1 / Plasma 2 / Plasma 3 / RSD% / Plasma1 / Plasma 2 / Plasma 3 / RSD%
Trp / 88.9 / 85.9 / 83.6 / 3.1 / 93.7 / 86.0 / 87.9 / 4.5 / 78.9 / 75.8 / 81.1 / 3.4
His / 74.7 / 80.4 / 62.3 / 12.8 / 68.8 / 74.1 / 83.2 / 9.7 / 65.0 / 65.9 / 79.2 / 11.3
Arg / 103.5 / 85.6 / 97.9 / 9.6 / 100.5 / 87.4 / 97.0 / 7.1 / 89.4 / 97.3 / 99.4 / 5.5
Tyr / 103.2 / 95.0 / 100.0 / 4.2 / 105.9 / 99.1 / 102.1 / 3.3 / 94.8 / 101.1 / 91.0 / 5.4
Cy2 / 68.5 / 70.2 / 73.1 / 3.2 / 79.0 / 83.3 / 86.9 / 4.8 / 76.0 / 76.7 / 79.5 / 2.4
Phe / 93.0 / 99.8 / 103.4 / 5.4 / 97.5 / 95.2 / 99.7 / 2.3 / 96.0 / 98.0 / 107.8 / 6.3
Ala / 94.9 / 92.8 / 95.5 / 1.5 / 100.5 / 95.4 / 95.0 / 3.2 / 91.2 / 92.2 / 98.1 / 4.0
Gln / 93.3 / 94.9 / 98.3 / 2.7 / 95.3 / 97.0 / 99.3 / 2.1 / 82.5 / 88.6 / 92.8 / 5.8
AIB / 54.8 / 60.4 / 61.7 / 6.3 / 57.8 / 59.3 / 56.3 / 2.6 / 59.7 / 58.4 / 60.8 / 2.0
Hyp / 80.5 / 88.5 / 85.7 / 4.7 / 76.9 / 80.7 / 82.5 / 3.6 / 77.3 / 71.1 / 75.1 / 4.2
Asn / 90.0 / 87.9 / 88.9 / 1.2 / 88.1 / 86.7 / 94.0 / 4.3 / 90.8 / 87.8 / 84.2 / 3.8
Glu / 22.1 / 26.1 / 21.8 / 10.3 / 19.2 / 24.0 / 20.7 / 11.3 / 21.1 / 24.8 / 21.4 / 9.3
Thr / 88.8 / 98.2 / 102.6 / 7.3 / 90.0 / 94.1 / 101.6 / 6.2 / 83.7 / 84.6 / 94.2 / 6.7
Leu / 112.9 / 100.4 / 96.0 / 8.5 / 105.5 / 98.6 / 101.1 / 3.4 / 93.0 / 96.9 / 97.9 / 2.7
Val / 105.3 / 98.7 / 106.0 / 3.9 / 105.6 / 100.8 / 100.9 / 2.6 / 90.5 / 98.3 / 93.1 / 4.3
Pro / 89.0 / 91.2 / 91.3 / 1.5 / 85.7 / 89.3 / 89.7 / 2.5 / 82.6 / 87.4 / 90.3 / 4.5
Ile / 100.6 / 93.9 / 93.2 / 4.3 / 101.7 / 95.2 / 96.6 / 3.5 / 93.2 / 96.1 / 95.7 / 1.7
Asp / 66.5 / 72.1 / 70.6 / 4.2 / 66.9 / 66.3 / 73.4 / 5.7 / 71.5 / 78.0 / 73.4 / 4.5
Gly / 88.4 / 98.0 / 100.3 / 6.6 / 95.1 / 103.6 / 100.8 / 4.3 / 92.4 / 94.3 / 92.4 / 1.2
Ser / 90.1 / 102.2 / 98.7 / 6.4 / 90.0 / 92.8 / 99.5 / 5.2 / 85.0 / 86.7 / 92.3 / 4.3
Lys / 19.3 / 21.3 / 21.5 / 5.9 / 17.0 / 18.9 / 19.6 / 7.3 / 20.3 / 19.4 / 22.0 / 6.5
Cit / 94.9 / 90.1 / 93.5 / 2.7 / 87.1 / 88.2 / 90.3 / 1.8 / 84.6 / 87.0 / 81.5 / 3.2
Nov / 89.1 / 92.2 / 90.5 / 1.7 / 87.8 / 92.7 / 89.5 / 2.8 / 95.5 / 100.0 / 92.9 / 3.8
Cre / 104.0 / 91.3 / 100.6 / 6.6 / 101.8 / 100.0 / 95.4 / 3.3 / 98.2 / 94.3 / 105.9 / 5.9
Orn / 13.9 / 12.1 / 16.4 / 15.2 / 12.3 / 12.7 / 15.6 / 13.5 / 12.3 / 11.8 / 14.9 / 12.8
Cys / 61.9 / 62.2 / 63.9 / 1.7 / 61.2 / 63.3 / 64.7 / 2.8 / 63.5 / 63.6 / 66.0 / 2.2

Table S5 Effects of ionizing radiation on amino acid concentrations (μmol/L, mean±SD) in rat plasma at 5h after exposure

Amino acids / Control (n=13)
µmol·L-1 / 2Gy (n=13)
µmol·L-1 / 4Gy (n=13)
µmol·L-1 / 6Gy (n=14)
µmol·L-1 / 8Gy (n=14)
µmol·L-1
Trp / 63.69±14.54 / 57.19±14 / 65.85±9.12 / 60.53±8.69 / 74.37±8.12##,$
His / 77.09±15 / 75.15±9.41 / 74.44±10.12 / 68.94±11.76 / 76.34±10.31
Arg / 5327.73±2477.39 / 3884.8±1271.59** / 4326.4±912.63 / 3520.68±1207.99** / 3667.03±649.79**
Tyr / 267.02±62.39 / 206.15±35.7** / 223.67±31.17 / 201.03±25.84** / 248.94±54.53$
Cy2 / 8.6±4.12 / 2.56±1.36** / 2.01±0.62** / 2.76±1.66** / 2.51±0.92**
Phe / 62.92±10.44 / 79.08±11.67 / 93.11±11.05** / 83.5±15.34** / 97.65±23.19**,#
Ala / 411.41±104.17 / 423.83±113.07 / 486.12±113.3 / 416.46±66.9 / 500.72±106.65
Gln / 2077.21±309.67 / 1740.62±338.06 / 2006.92±284.44 / 1842.86±275.86 / 2136.43±295.29#
β-AIB / 72.42±24.39 / 72.42±6.3 / 87.77±33.03 / 77.87±13.81 / 77.69±38.74
Hyp / 67.52±9.49 / 59.51±14.54 / 70.83±21.15 / 58.45±9.75 / 64.13±9.41
Asn / 59.43±10.78 / 49.18±9.41 / 56.51±9.81 / 49.2±8.65 / 55.46±6.71
Glu / 160.79±100.73 / 181.34±25.54 / 233.26±76.08 / 191.42±27.13 / 368.25±577.4
Thr / 227.19±94.02 / 224.32±47.08 / 239.24±38.18 / 222.58±26.97 / 277.64±76.04$
Leu / 158.42±35.26 / 155.29±37.97 / 193.35±42.05 / 167.11±45.37 / 199.15±50.16
Val / 178.39±34.91 / 158.24±29.22 / 196.68±25.56# / 179.14±38.12 / 197.23±36.71#
Pro / 183.72±52.76 / 169.42±36.78 / 186.3±35.05 / 157.56±26.88 / 195.44±54.83
Ile / 86.16±19.08 / 77.65±19.79 / 106.41±31.22 / 92.92±53.01 / 92.67±17.2
Asp / 11.84±3.6 / 14.09±5.21 / 19.81±7.33 / 19.12±7.2 / 18.3±6.13
Gly / 189.46±32.71 / 204.31±49.16 / 252.45±44.5 / 215.78±42.24 / 227.41±30.55
Ser / 261.28±49.44 / 282.53±55.01 / 308.65±53.09 / 291.82±47.62 / 339.1±53.84
Lys / 616.02±87.82 / 658.28±134.65 / 744.55±148.27 / 557.8±106.75 / 663.13±164.79
Cit / 44.52±8.46 / 43.72±7.7 / 45.78±6.77 / 38.9±5.83 / 47.37±12.37
Nov / 0.64±0.14 / 0.7±0.16 / 0.86±0.45 / 0.66±0.16 / 0.61±0.22
Cre / 34.19±8.55 / 31.46±7.1 / 34.55±7.14 / 28.01±5.01 / 31.72±8.13
Orn / 109.98±15.29 / 88.93±37.53 / 87±34.96 / 91.1±44.31 / 70.83±16.82
Cys / 19.98±9.92 / 20.23±3.8 / 21.38±6.48 / 19.41±4.41 / 25.95±9.47

Note. Compared with control, *p0.05, **p0.01; Compared with 2Gy, #p0.05, ##p0.01; Compared with 4Gy, p0.05,p0.01; Compared with 6Gy, $p0.05, $$p0.01

Table S6 Effects of ionizing radiation on amino acid concentrations (μmol/L, mean±SD) in rat plasma at 24h after exposure

Amino acids / Control(n=14)
µmol·L-1 / 2Gy(n=14)
µmol·L-1 / 4Gy(n=12)
µmol·L-1 / 6Gy(n=13)
µmol·L-1 / 8Gy(n=13)
µmol·L-1
Trp / 63.69±14.54 / 88.88±25.07** / 72.11±16.27 / 64.73±18.23# / 73.72±16.61
His / 77.09±15 / 82.96±17.02 / 92.68±11.28 / 82.99±13.7 / 78.28±10.54
Arg / 5327.73±2477.39 / 6567.23±2566.25 / 4552.29±967.43 / 4840.12±1313.38 / 7161.39±2316.21
Tyr / 267.02±62.39 / 305.49±61.94 / 313.17±20.65 / 356.26±51.42** / 391.65±41.55**,##,&
Cy2 / 8.6±4.12 / 6.19±5.95 / 7.74±5.83 / 7.65±7.28 / 7±7.19
Phe / 62.92±10.44 / 80.95±15.24** / 76.48±10.01 / 73.64±14.8 / 74.87±11.42
Ala / 411.41±104.17 / 585.69±131.81** / 517.98±99.26 / 465.36±84.98# / 480.24±93.3
Gln / 2077.21±309.67 / 2681.35±357.91** / 2998.45±366.1** / 3151.42±339.35**,# / 2844.27±396.72**
β-AIB / 72.42±24.39 / 66.26±11.09 / 71.56±17.3 / 68.33±10.87 / 67.87±10.13
Hyp / 67.52±9.49 / 62.04±7.12 / 59.47±6.59* / 54.12±5.77**,# / 49.91±3.66**,##,&
Asn / 59.43±10.78 / 61.54±15.72 / 61.91±12.38 / 63.41±9.53 / 70.79±11.6
Glu / 160.79±100.73 / 225.92±79.6 / 175.54±61.65 / 185.84±38.18 / 162.43±85.01
Thr / 227.19±94.02 / 266.74±87.12 / 340.92±77.71** / 361.93±58.77**,# / 370.82±77.77**,#
Leu / 158.42±35.26 / 212.48±47.16** / 195.04±28.56 / 175.14±30.55 / 168.35±37.41#
Val / 178.39±34.91 / 216.93±32.97 / 217.27±31.1 / 216.58±29.83 / 224.57±44.14*
Pro / 183.72±52.76 / 206.18±74.88 / 191.31±40.36 / 198.53±28.39 / 250.99±48.99*
Ile / 86.16±19.08 / 97.32±16.82 / 97.44±15.16 / 93.44±14.98 / 94.93±23.86
Asp / 11.84±3.6 / 15.88±5.32 / 12.97±5 / 12.42±2.22 / 13.59±9.27
Gly / 189.46±32.71 / 209.17±33.35 / 236.38±23.69** / 244.61±25.69**,# / 233.11±34.08**
Ser / 261.28±49.44 / 310.39±83.04 / 361.56±60.15** / 380.42±62.58** / 401.15±72.91**,##
Lys / 616.02±87.82 / 823.73±194.79** / 874.58±179.89** / 775.63±121.99 / 717.61±104.04
Cit / 44.52±8.46 / 40.63±6.82 / 35.98±2.97** / 33.11±5.12**,# / 33.78±5.28**
Cre / 34.19±8.55 / 30.68±6.98 / 34.49±4.86 / 46.37±10.36**,##,& / 47.01±6.29**,##,&
Orn / 109.98±15.29 / 105.73±23.43 / 104.98±19.1 / 99.48±18.97 / 112.31±29.4
Cys / 19.98±9.92 / 25.47±8.82 / 32.7±5.65** / 33.46±9.06** / 40.04±11.48**,##

Note. Compared with control, *p0.05, **p0.01; Compared with 2Gy, #p0.05, ##p0.01; Compared with 4Gy, p0.05,p0.01; Compared with 6Gy, $p0.05, $$p0.01

Table S7 Effects of ionizing radiation on amino acid concentrations (μmol/L, mean±SD) in rat plasma at 72h after exposure

Amino acids / Control(n=14)
µmol·L-1 / 2Gy(n=14)
µmol·L-1 / 4Gy(n=12)
µmol·L-1 / 6Gy(n=13)
µmol·L-1 / 8Gy(n=13)
µmol·L-1
Trp / 63.69±14.54 / 64.1±11.35 / 51.6±12.74 / 58.01±12.82 / 67.62±22.97
His / 77.09±15 / 61.04±14.53 / 80±12.34 / 90.61±26.47## / 76.51±14.38
Arg / 5327.73±2477.39 / 5321.27±1213.11 / 6423.83±3038.1 / 4319.76±1201.06 / 3058.82±1584.54
Tyr / 267.02±62.39 / 266.13±24.01 / 274.44±64.4 / 256.58±43.53 / 259.65±50.31
Cy2 / 8.6±4.12 / 13.47±7.26 / 14.47±5.53 / 18.32±6.04** / 13.1±5.65
Phe / 62.92±10.44 / 67.17±7.98 / 70.95±10.81 / 70.53±7.23 / 90.85±7.94**,,##,,&,$$
Ala / 411.41±104.17 / 420.36±94.56 / 560.92±91.06**,,## / 450.2±64.39 / 357.87±65.64
Gln / 2077.21±309.67 / 2354.24±359.19 / 2372.4±350.84 / 3140.26±404.65**,##,& / 2705.06±620.73**
β-AIB / 72.42±24.39 / 72.95±14.16 / 69.38±11.21 / 78.35±9.99 / 79.56±19.35
Hyp / 67.52±9.49 / 71.4±17.63 / 56.57±8.57# / 57.91±7.01# / 40.48±10.37**,##,&,$$
Asn / 59.43±10.78 / 60.01±7.67 / 72.07±17.58 / 71.52±9.77 / 69.61±17.51
Glu / 160.79±100.73 / 167.38±52.97 / 156.46±57.25 / 165.07±49.17 / 165.02±103.42
Thr / 227.19±94.02 / 278.93±68.47 / 262.24±114.26 / 359.9±61.95** / 345.65±117.09*
Leu / 158.42±35.26 / 172.43±25.42 / 204.65±40.45** / 170.9±21.18 / 231.34±38.8**,##,$$
Val / 178.39±34.91 / 201.35±26.31 / 219.43±42.05 / 191.66±25.9 / 251.59±49.17**,,#,$$
Pro / 183.72±52.76 / 170.11±33.29 / 233.01±89.39 / 184.32±64.09 / 132.04±30.85
Ile / 86.16±19.08 / 94.72±17.16 / 101.14±20.42 / 83.57±19.02 / 118.3±25.16**,$$
Asp / 11.84±3.6 / 10.94±2.89 / 14.64±6.89 / 10.77±2.56 / 12.11±4.36
Gly / 189.46±32.71 / 184.99±11.53 / 217.8±19.54 / 250.45±41.55**,## / 259.99±54.66**,##,&
Ser / 261.28±49.44 / 259.39±42.61 / 301.99±65.07 / 408.98±58.34**,##,& / 368.82±96.73**,##
Lys / 616.02±87.82 / 592.43±66.6 / 628.27±104.56 / 595.82±62.39 / 539.7±85.23
Cit / 44.52±8.46 / 47.96±4.78 / 36.99±6.48*,## / 24.75±5.2**,##,& / 14.97±3.82**,##,&,$$
Cre / 34.19±8.55 / 20.84±4.37** / 25.99±5.32 / 32.65±13.18## / 28.81±7.05
Orn / 109.98±15.29 / 89.68±18.42 / 101.23±19.22 / 97.06±24.86 / 92.86±22.37
Cys / 19.98±9.92 / 27.44±9.75 / 28.01±11.98 / 34.84±8.29** / 31.66±13.63

Note. Compared with control, *p0.05, **p0.01; Compared with 2Gy, #p0.05, ##p0.01; Compared with 4Gy, p0.05,p0.01; Compared with 6Gy, $p0.05, $$p0.01

1

Table S8 Influence of radiation doses and time after exposure on the amino aids levels in plasma of rats

Interaction
P-value / P-value for
radiation doses / P-value for time after exposure
Trp / 0.0015 / 0.0035 / <0.0001
His / 0.0049 / 0.2183 / 0.1809
Arg / <0.0001 / 0.0356 / <0.0001
Tyr / <0.0001 / 0.005 / <0.0001
Cy2 / <0.0001 / 0.2872 / <0.0001
Phe / 0.0003 / <0.0001 / <0.0001
Ala / <0.0001 / <0.0001 / 0.0058
Gln / <0.0001 / <0.0001 / <0.0001
β-AIB / 0.6781 / 0.598 / 0.035
Hyp / <0.0001 / <0.0001 / 0.0091
Asn / 0.034 / 0.0104 / <0.0001
Glu / 0.0586 / 0.2149 / 0.0145
Thr / 0.0079 / <0.0001 / <0.0001
Leu / 0.0002 / <0.0001 / 0.196
Val / 0.0108 / <0.0001 / <0.0001
Pro / <0.0001 / 0.202 / 0.0038
Ile / 0.4558 / 0.0084 / 0.8969
Asp / 0.3607 / 0.2409 / 0.0357
Gly / 0.3431 / 0.2352 / 0.0376
Ser / 0.2826 / <0.0001 / 0.6036
Lys / 0.7714 / 0.1021 / 0.0017
Cit / <0.0001 / <0.0001 / <0.0001
Cre / <0.0001 / <0.0001 / <0.0001
Orn / 0.8535 / 0.5914 / 0.8085
Cys / 0.0111 / <0.0001 / <0.0001

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Table S9 Main features based on GA analysisfor distinguishing different irradiated groups.

Time point / Features selected by GA
At 5h after radiation exposure / Arg, Phe, Gln, Thr, Ile, Cit
At 24h after radiation exposure / Tyr, Gln, Hyp, Thr, Leu
At 72h after radiation exposure / Trp, Cy2, Phe, Asn, Gly, Lys, Cit, Orn

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